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Chapter 1 Sets Compressed

This document defines and explains key concepts related to sets. It discusses that a set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members. Sets can be represented using curly brackets and elements are separated by commas. Some key properties and operations on sets explained are subsets, union, intersection, difference, complement and Venn diagrams. Different types of sets such as finite, infinite, null and universal sets are also defined.

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Prishita Kapoor
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18 views

Chapter 1 Sets Compressed

This document defines and explains key concepts related to sets. It discusses that a set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members. Sets can be represented using curly brackets and elements are separated by commas. Some key properties and operations on sets explained are subsets, union, intersection, difference, complement and Venn diagrams. Different types of sets such as finite, infinite, null and universal sets are also defined.

Uploaded by

Prishita Kapoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Chapter
Sets

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Sets

A set is a well define collection of objects.

• The objects of the set are called element or member of the set.
• Asset is usually denoted by capital letter while its element are denoted by small
letters.

A set of natural numbers is


A = {1,2,3,4,5,.....}

∆ If X is an element of a Set A then we write X ∈ A which means 'X belongs to A'


and if X is not the element of set A then we say 'X does not belong to A' and

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represent that X ∉
A.

A=(1, 2, 5, 7) then 2 ∈ A and 3 ∉ A

Representation of Sets

All the objects of asset are listed and they are separated by commas and enclose
within bracket {}.

The set of letters of word MATHEMATICS is {M,A,T,H,E,I,C,S}.


All the objects of a set posses a single common property which is not possessed by any
element outside the set.

The set of vowels in the English alphabet is {x: x is a vowel in the English alphabet}.

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Different types of Sets

• It does not have any element • two sets are said to be • two sets are said
• denoted by Φ or {}. equivalent if they have to be equal if they
• also called null or void set. same number of element have same element

• It contain finite no. • It contain infinite • It contain only


Of element no. of elements. one element.

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Subsets

A set A is said to be a subset of a set B if every element of A is an element of B and


this is written as A ⊆
B and B is called a super set of A writen as B A. ⊇
If A= {1, 2, 3} and B {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then A ⊂ B but B ⊄ A.
The collection of all subsets of a set A is called power set of A. It is denoted by P(A).

If A= {1, 2, 3}, then P(A)={ {} , {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1, 2, 3}}

A set which contains elements of all sets in a given context. It is usually denoted by U.

If A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 3} and C= {1, 3, 4}, then U= {1, 2, 3, 4).


Two sets A and B are said to be equal sets if A⊂ B and B ⊂ A.
Let A = {1, 4, 3} and B = {3, 1, 4}, Now A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A. :=> A=B.

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Venn Diagram
The diagram drawn to represent the relationship between the
given sets are called the Venna diagram.
Universal set (U) -> rectangle
Sets -> circle
∪

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Operations on sets

Let A and B be any two sets. The union of A and B is the set of all those element which
are either in A or in B or in both A and B. ∪
It is denoted by A ∪ B.

Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}, then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} A ∪B

Let A and B be any two sets. The intersection of A and B is the set of all those
elements which belong to both A and B. ∪
It is denoted by A ∩
B.

Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {2, 5, 7, 9}, then A ∩ B = {2, 5} A ∩B


Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint sets if they have no common element
i.e., A∩ B=Φ ∪
A
∩B=Φ
B
Let A = {2,4,6,8,10} and B = {1,3,5,7,9}, then A

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Let A and B any two sets. The difference A - B is the set of all those elements of A
which do not belong to B. ∪ A B ∪
similary; B - A is the set of all those
elements of A which do not belong to B.
B-A

Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} and B = {3,5,7,9} then A - B = {1,2,4} and B - A = {7,9}

Let A and B be any two sets. The symmetric difference of ∪


∪
A B
A and B is the set (A-B) (B-A).

Let A = {1,2,3,4} and B= {3,4,5,6}


Now A-B = {1,2} and B-A = {5,6} :. A ∆B = (A-B)∪(B-A) = {1,2,5,6}

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Complements of a set

Let U be the universal set and A be any set. Then complement of a with respect to U is
the set of all those element of U which are not in A.
It is denoted by A'.
A' ∪

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A

Let U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} and A = {2,4,6,8}


then A' = {1,3,5,7,9}

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*NOTE: Worksheet (important questions of all typology with


answers) is provided as a seperate PDF on website padhleakshay.com

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