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Trusses 2

Steel trusses are more commonly used today for roofs of all sizes due to advantages like being more economical, easier to construct, fireproof, rigid and permanent. They are fabricated from steel sections like angles, channels and plates. Roof trusses often use angle sections which can resist both tension and compression well. Steel trusses have largely replaced timber trusses in India due to rising timber costs. Common steel truss types include flat, Pratt, Howe, Belgian, Fink, and bowstring trusses.

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Shreeja mayya
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41 views25 pages

Trusses 2

Steel trusses are more commonly used today for roofs of all sizes due to advantages like being more economical, easier to construct, fireproof, rigid and permanent. They are fabricated from steel sections like angles, channels and plates. Roof trusses often use angle sections which can resist both tension and compression well. Steel trusses have largely replaced timber trusses in India due to rising timber costs. Common steel truss types include flat, Pratt, Howe, Belgian, Fink, and bowstring trusses.

Uploaded by

Shreeja mayya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STEEL TRUSS

• When the span exceeds 10m,timber trusses become heavy and uneconomical.
• Steel trusses are more economical for larger spans.
• However, steel trusses are more commonly used these days, for all spans-small or
large, since they are:
• More economical
• Easy to construct or fabricate
• Fire proof
• More rigid
• Permanent.
• Steel trusses are fabricated from rolled steel structural members such as channels,
angles, T-sections and plates.
• Most of the roof trusses are fabricated from angle-sections because they can
resist effectively both tension as well as compression, and their jointing is easy.
• In India, where timber has become very costly, steel trusses have practically
superseded timber trusses.
• Steel trusses maybe grouped in the following categories:
• Open trusses
• North light trusses
• Bow string trusses
• Arched rib trusses and solid arched ribs
Common types of trusses

Flat truss has parallel top and bottom chord.

These trusses are generally not as efficient as pitched or bowstring trusses

The span range up to 37m (120ft)


Depth ranges from span/10 to span/15
Pratt trusses have vertical web members in compression and diagonal web
Members in tension.
Howe trusses have vertical web members in tension and diagonal web members
in compression
Belgian trusses have only inclined web members.
Fink trusses are Belgian trusses having sub-diagonals to reduce the length of
compression web members toward the centre line of the span.

Diagonals connect a top to bottom chord. Sub-diagonals join a chord


with a main diagonal
Warren trusses have inclined web members forming a series of equilateral
triangles.

Vertical web members are sometimes introduced to reduce the panel length of
the top chord, which is in compression
Warren trusses

Vertical web members are


sometimes introduced to
reduce the panel length of
the top chord, which is in
compression
Bowstring trusses have a curved top chord meeting a straight bottom chord at
each end
Steel rigid frames Steel tubular and angular trusses

Steel space frames Steel Open –web joist framing


1. The sections comprising of a steel truss are readily available in required
dimensions, resulting in minimum wastage of material
2. Steel trusses are light in weight, and can be fabricated in any shape depending
upon structural and architectural requirements.
3. Steel trusses are stronger and more rigid in comparison to timber trusses. The
members are equally strong in tension as well as compression.
4. Steel trusses can be used over any span, while timber trusses are suitable only
upto 15m span.
5. Steel trusses are fire proof.
6. They are termite proof
7. Steel trusses are most resistant to other environmental agencies, and have
longer life.
8. The fabrication of steel is easier and quicker, since the sections can be
machined and shaped in the workshop, and then be transported to
construction site for erection.
 Steel roof trusses are commonly
fabricated from angle sections and
plates, though channel sections and
T-sections can be used.
 The principal rafter as well as the
main tie are generally made of two
angle sections placed side by side,
while the struts and ties are generally
made of single angle sections.
 The members are joined together by
a gusset plate, either through rivets
or by welding.

 Generally , 15mm diameter rivets are used for smaller


spans and 20mm rivets are used for larger spans.
 At least two rivets should be used at each point.
 Gusset plate should not be less then 6mm,though its
thickness is designed on the basis of forces carried by
members to be jointed.
 At the foot of the truss, short angles are fitted on both
sides of the gusset plate, which are connected to the
bearing plate..
 At the foot of the truss, short angles
are fitted on both sides of the gusset
plate, which are connected to the
bearing plate..
 The bearing plate is jointed to
concrete bed through rag bolts.
 At the apex, suitable ridge section is
fitted.
 These steel roof trusses must be
painted at intervals to prevent
corrosion.
Angular truss is made up of a
single or double angles acting
as top chord, Bottom chord and
webbing.

For shorter spans single angle trusses are used and the members are welded together

For longer spans trusses double angles are used and are usually bolted or welded to a
gusset plate at the joints
These steel angles can have equal or
un equal sections but uniform thickness
Gusset plates are thick sheets of
steel that are used to connect
beams and girders to columns or
to connect truss members.

It can be fastened to a permanent


member either by bolts, rivets or
welding or a combination of
the three

It not only serves as a method of


joining steel members together
but they also strengthen the joint

Gusset plates are usually square


or rectangular, but can be triangular or made
into a customized shape to fit the joint

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