Prayag public School

Class notes
Subject-Science
Class-8th
Chapter-8
Force and pressure
About the chapter: - In this chapter we have learnt
the following given contents in detail .
* Definition of force
* Types of forces i.e cantact and non-contact force
* Force as vector quantity
* Effect of force
* Resultant of multiple forces acting on a body
* SI unit of force and some othe units of force like as
' Dyne'
* Pressure and Atmospheric pressure
* Fluid and thrust
* Some factors affecting the pressure & atmospheric
pressure
Keywords
Atmospheric pressure: Atmospheric pressure is the air
pressure which is exerted by the weight of air present in
the atmosphere
Contact force :A force which can be exerted by an object
on another object only through physical touching is called
a contact force
Example: Muscular force , frictional force
Electrostatic force : The force exerted by a charged body
on another charged or uncharged body by virtue of its
charge
Force : A physical cause that changes or tends to change
the state of rest or state of motion of an object
Friction : It is a type of force that comes into play when
two surfaces come in contact with each other.
Gravitational force :Every object in the universe , whether
small or large ,exert force on each other which is
attractive in nature.
Gravity: It is a force of attraction exerted by earth on
nearby objects is called force of gravity.
Magnetic force : It is type of non - Contact force that
attracts certain metal objects (like iron or iron fillings )
towards a magnet .
Muscular force : The force applied by the action of
muscles in our body is termed as a muscular force
Non -Contact force : a force applied to an object by
another body that is not in direct contact with it .
Examples :- Gravitational force , Magnetic force &
Electrostatic force etc.
Pressure: Force acting in per unit area
Mathematically we can write ; P= F/A
One word question answer :
Q1.What is the name of the instrument used to measure
atmospheric pressure?
Ans: Barometer
Q2.Write any two application of atmospheric pressure in
our everyday life
Ans:Drinking straw and Dropper work on the existence of
atmospheric pressure.
Q3. Why are we not crushed by atmospheric pressure?
Ans:We do not get crushed because the atmospheric
pressure acting on our body from outside is balanced by
the blood pressure acting from inside
Q4.What is SI unit of force ?
Ans: Newton
Q5. What is CGS unit of force ?
Ans: Dyne
Q6. How do fluids exert pressure?
Ans: The particles of fluids are constantly moving as a
result they hit other particles and tank.
Q7.Name the other expression for magnitude of force .
Ans: Strength of force
Q8.What is the state of motion when object is not moving ?
Ans : State of rest
Q9. What is the state of motion when the object is moving ?
Ans: State of motion
Q10. What will be resultant force when two objects each of 5 N
exert force on an abject lying on the ground .
Ans: 10 N

A.Very Short Answer Questions

Q1.What are the two states of motion?
Ans: (a)The state of rest.
(b) The state of motion.
Q2. Give one practical application of magnetic force
Ans:The closing of door of refrigerator works on the application
of magnetic forces.
Q3.Give two examples each of the situations in which you
push or pull to change the state of motion of objects.
Ans: (i) Push: We close drawer by pushing.
We move a wooden box by pushing.
(ii) Pull: We draw water from a well by pulling the rope.
A horse pulls a cart.
Q4.A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its
orbit. Name the two forces acting on the rocket immediately
after leaving the launching pad.
Ans: The forces that act when a rocket leaves launching pad
are as follows:
(i) Gravitational force of the earth (downward)
(ii) Frictional force of air (in opposite direction

Q5.Name the force exerted on a ball of dough to make a flat

chapati
Ans:Muscular force
Q6.An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it has
been rubbed with a piece of synthetic cloth. It was found that
the balloon sticks to the wall. What force might be responsible
for the attraction between the balloon and the wall.
Ans:Electrostatic force
Q7.Give two examples of situations in which applied force
causes a change in the shape of an object
Ans:When we apply force on a rubber band to stretch it and
on clay to change its shape.

B. Short Answer Questions:

Q1.A force of 100 N is applied on an area of 4 m2.
Compute pressure being applied on the area.
Ans:Given: Force = 100 N, Area = 4 m2
∴ Pressure = Force Area =1004 = 25pa
Q2.Two thermocol balls held close to each other move
away from each other. When they are released .Name
the force which might be responsible for this
phenomenon. Explain
Ans:Electrostatic force is responsible for this
phenomenon. The two balls have similar charges, that’s
why they move away due to repulsion between them.
Q3.What is the similarity between electrostatic and
magnetic forces
Ans.: (a)Both are non-contact forces.
 (b) Both are attractive as well as repulsive
forces.
Q4.What are the effects of force on an object?
Ans: There are following effects of force ;
*Force can change the state of motion of an object.
*Force changes the speed of a moving object.
*Force can cause an object to turn or change direction.
*Force can change the shape of an object
Q5.How do fluids exert pressure?
Ans:Fluids exert pressure in all directions. Fluids also exert
pressure on the walls of the container that hold them.
Q6.An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at the
target. She then releases the arrow, which begins to move
towards the target. Based on this information fill up the gaps
in the following statements using the following terms:
muscular, contact, non-contact, gravity, friction, shape,
attraction
(a) To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a
change in its ______
(b) The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an
example of ______ force.
(c) The type of force responsible for a change in the state of
motion of the arrow is an example of a ______ force
(c) The type of force responsible fo
(d) While the arrow moves towards
Ans:(a) shape
(b) muscular
(c) contact
(d) gravity, friction
Q7.A blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron while making a
tool. How does the force due to hammering affect the piece of
iron?
Ans: The force due to hammering causes the change in the
shape of the iron and iron can be moulded in the shape of the
required tool.

C. Long Answer Questions

Q1.In the following situations identify the agent exerting the
force and the object on which it acts. State the effect of the
force in each case.
(a) Squeezing a piece of lemon between the fingers to extract
its juice.
(b) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.
(c) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on a
hook fixed to a wall.
(d) An athlete making a high jump to clear the bar at a certain
height.
Ans:(a) Agents are fingers, object is lemon, effect of force
changes the shape of lemon.
(b) Agents are fingers of the person
squeezing the tube, object is toothpaste tube and effect of the
force can be observed as the paste coming out of the tube
(change in shape).
(c) Agent is the load suspended, object is the spring and effort
can be seen in the form of elongation of spring on suspension
of load (change in shape).
(d) Agent is muscles of athlete, object is athlete himself and
effect of the force changes the state of motion of the athlete.
Q2. What is the relation of pressure with area on which it is
applied?
Ans: Pressure is related with area on which it is applied. When
the area is increased the pressure exerted is less. But when the
area on which pressure is exerted is decrease the pressure
increases. So we can conclude that pressure increases with
decrease in area. List the characteristics of pressure exerted by
a liquid
*Liquid exerts pressure in all directions.
*Pressure in liquid does not depends on shape, size and surface
area of the container.
*Pressure increases with depth.
*All points at the same level in a liquid are at the same
pressure.
*Pressure does not depend on the surface of the immersed
object.
Q3.Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing
water held above ground level in your hand. the forces acting
on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
Ans:Forces acting on bucket are as follows:
(i) Muscular force of arms acting upward.
(ii) Force of gravity acting downward.
Both the forces do not bring any change in the state of motion
because both of them are acting in equal and opposite
directions and thus they cancel each other’s effect

D. Value-Based Questions.
On Lokesh’s birthday Shreya was given charge to amuse
children with some little tricks. Shreya sticked balloons to
the wall by just rubbing them in her clothes. She bent the
water stream from a tap without touching it. She did so
by bringing big balloon near to the flowing water. All
children were very happy on seeing this little magic.
Everybody praised Shreya
a.How do balloons stick to walls?
b.How Shreya bent the water stream by bringing a big
balloon near it and without touching it?
c .which type of force is involved here

d .What values of Shreya is shown here?

Ans : (a)On rubbing the balloon with hair or clothes, it
acquire negative charges. The negative charges are
attracted to the positive charges on the wall and balloon
sticks to the wall.
(b)Negative charge on the balloon attracts positive
charge on water molecules. Thus, bent the water
molecules.
(c) Electrostatic force
(d) Shreya is dutiful, friendly with scientific aptitude

E.Assertion reason based question

Q1.ASSERTION :the motion imparted to objects was due
to the action of a force
REASON: In science, a push or a pull on an object is called
a force
Ans:b
Q2.ASSERTION: When we push an object like a school bag
or lift a bucket of water where does the force come.

REASON : This force is caused by the action of muscles in

our body. The force resulting due to the action of muscles
is known as the muscular force.
Ans: a
Q3.ASSERTION :When the coin is held in your hand it is at
rest. As soon as it is released, it begins to move
downwards. It is clear that the state of motion of the coin
undergoes a change.

REASON :Objects or things fall towards the earth because

it pulls them. This force is called the force of gravity, or
just gravity
Ans: a
Exercise including NCERT Text book and extra .
Fill in the blanks .
(1) To draw water from a well we have to ______ at the rope.
(2) A charged body ______ an uncharged body towards it.
(3) To move a loaded trolley we have to ______ it.
(4) The north pole of a magnet _______ the north pole of
another magnet.

(5) To open a door we. ----------- or ___________ the

door.
6. Force of friction is an example of ___________ force.
7. Force ___________ is called pressure.
8. Force has ___________ as well as
Answer:

(1) pull (2 ) attracts (3) push (4) repel (5)push ,pull (6)
Contact (7) per unit area (8)magnitude
Match the items given in column I suitably with those
given in column II.

Column I Column II
1. Fluid a. Higher pressure
2. Blunt knife b. Atmospheric pressure
3. Sharp needle c. Specific gravity
4. Relative density d. Lower pressure
5. Hecto Pascal e. Same pressure in all
directions
Answers: 1- c ,2- d ,3- a ,4- c ,5- b
State whether the given statements are true or false.
Students are hereby instructed to rewrite the sentence
again if the statments are false by making correction in
that . Students will do themselves
1.Force applied on an object in opposite directions add
to one another.
2. Pressure does not depend on area of contact.
3. A force can change the state of motion of an object.
4. Force cannot change the speed of an object.
5. Atmospheric pressure is less at higher altitudes.
6. Force of gravity is a contact force.
7. Muscular force is also known as contact force.
8. Pascal is the unit of force.
9. To move an object faster it has to be pushed or pulled
repeatedly.
10. Magnitude is the strength of force
Ans:
1.False ,2.False ,3.True ,4.False ,5.True ,6.False ,7.True ,8
.False ,9.True ,10True

F.Project /Activities
Q1.Take a tumbler and fill it with water. Cover the mouth
of the tumbler with a thick card simi¬lar to that of a
postcard. Hold the tumbler with one hand while keeping
the card pressed to its mouth with your other hand. Turn
the tumbler upside down while keeping the card pressed
to its mouth. Make sure that the tumbler is held vertical.
Gently remove the hand pressing the card. What do you
observe? Does the card get detached allowing the water
to spill? With a little practice you will find that the card
continues to hold water in the tumbler even after it is not
supported by your hand. Also try this activity by using a
piece of cloth to hold the tumbler in an upside down
position
Note: Students will do themselves
Q2.Take 4-5 plastic bottles of different shapes and sizes.
Join them together with small pieces of glass or rubber
tube as shown in Fig. Keep this arrangement on a level
surface. Now pour water in any one of the bottles. Note
whether the bottle in which water is poured gets filled
first or all the bottles get filled up simultaneously. Note
the level of water in all the bottles from time to time. Try
to explain your observations
Ans: The main objective of this activity to show Water
level in all the bottles will be same because pressure will
be same at same height.

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