Scribd
Upload
9 views

Exp 4

This document describes an experiment using Simulink to analyze amplitude modulation. The objectives are to: 1. Identify the spectrum analyzer for frequency domain analysis and various modulated waveforms in time and frequency domains. 2. Implement theoretical modulation circuits using the Communication Module Design System (CMDS). It demonstrates generating and analyzing sine waves, multiplying a carrier wave with a modulating signal to produce amplitude modulation, and observing the output waveform and spectrum. Effects of adding a DC offset are also examined.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Hasnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Exp 4

This document describes an experiment using Simulink to analyze amplitude modulation. The objectives are to: 1. Identify the spectrum analyzer for frequency domain analysis and various modulated waveforms in time and frequency domains. 2. Implement theoretical modulation circuits using the Communication Module Design System (CMDS). It demonstrates generating and analyzing sine waves, multiplying a carrier wave with a modulating signal to produce amplitude modulation, and observing the output waveform and spectrum. Effects of adding a DC offset are also examined.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Hasnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Lab Manual of Analog & Digital Communication

Experiment # 4

Introduction to Amplitude Modulation (Simulink Implementation)

Objective

• To identify the spectrum analyzer as used in frequency domain analysis


• To identify various types of linear modulated waveforms in time and
frequency domain representation
• To implement theoretically functional circuits using the Communication Module
Design System (CMDS)
Spectrum Analyzer and Function Generator

This section deals with looking at the spectrum of simple waves. We first look at the
spectrum of a simple sine wave
.
To start Simulink: Start MATLAB then type simulink on the command line. A
Simulink Library Window opens up as shown in figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1

Spectrum of a simple sine wave: - Figure 4.2 shows the design for viewing the spectrum ofa
simple sine wave.
Lab Manual of Analog & Digital Communication

Figure 4 .2

Figure 4.3 shows the time-domain sine wave and the corresponding frequency domain is
shown in figure 4.4. The frequency domain spectrum is obtained through a buffered-FFT
scope, which comprises of a Fast Fourier Transform of 128 samples which also has a
buffering of 64 of them in one frame. The property block of the B-FFT is also displayed in
figure 4.5.

Figure 4.3
Lab Manual of Analog & Digital Communication

Figure 4.4

This is the property box of the Spectrum Analyzer

Figure 4.5
Lab Manual of Analog & Digital Communication

From the property box of the B-FFT scope the axis properties can be changed and the Line
properties can be changed. The line properties are not shown in the above. The Frequency
range can be changed by using the frequency range pop down menu and so can be the y-axis
the amplitude scaling be changed to either real magnitude or the dB (log of magnitude) scale.
The upper limit can be specified as shown by the Min and Max Y-limits edit box. The
sampling time in this case has been set to 1/5000.

Note: The sampling frequency of the B-FFT scope should match with the sampling time of
the input time signal.

Also as indicated above the FFT is taken for 128 points and buffered with half of them for an
overlap.

Calculating the Power:


The power can be calculated by squaring the value of the voltage of the spectrum analyzer.

Note: The signal analyzer if chosen with half the scale, the spectrum is the single-sided
analyzer, so the power in the spectrum is the total power.

Similar operations can be done for other waveforms – like the square wave, triangular. These
signals can be generated from the signal generator block.
II. Waveform Multiplication (Modulation)
The equation y = km cos2(2π (1,000)t) was implemented as in fig. 1B peak to peak voltage of
the input and output signal of the multiplier was measured. Then km can be computed as

The spectrum of the output when km=1 was shown below:

Figure 4.6
Lab Manual of Analog & Digital Communication

The following figure demonstrates the waveform multiplication. A sine wave of 1 kHz is
generated using a sine wave generator and multiplied with a replica signal. The input signal
and the output are shown in figures.

The input signal as generated by the sine wave is shown in figure.


The output of the multiplier is shown in figure and the spectral output is shown in figure.

It can be seen that the output of the multiplier in time domain is basically a sine wave but
doesn’t have the negative sides since they get cancelled out in the multiplication.

Figure 4.7

The spectral output of the spectrum is shown below. It can be seen that there are two
side components in spectrum. The components at fc + fm and –(fc + fm) can be seen along
with a central impulse.

Figure 4.8
Lab Manual of Analog & Digital Communication

If a DC component was present in the input waveform, then


y = km*(cos(2π(1,000)t) + Vdc)2
The effect of adding a dc component to the input has the overall effect of raising the
amplitude of the 2 KHz component and decreases the 2 KHz component. However, for a
value of Vdc = 0.1V, the 1KHz component reduces and for any other increase in the Vdc
value, the 1KHz component increases.

Figure 4.9

Post Lab:
Implement signal convolution and addition in Simulink.

You might also like