DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION Govt. of NCT, Delhi SUPPORT MATERIAL (2018-2019) Class : IX MATHEMATICS Under the Guidance of Mr. Sandeep Kumar Secretary (Education) Mr. Sanjay Goel Director (Education) Dr. Saroj Bala Sain Addl. DE (School & Exam.) Coordinators Mrs. Mukta Soni Mr. UD. Ojha Mr, Raj Kumar Mr. Krishan Kumar DDE(Exam) —— DEO(Exam) = OSD (Exam) OSD (Exam)Production Team Anil Kumar Sharma Deepak Tanwar Published at Delhi Bureau of Text Books , 25/2 Institutional Area, Pankha Road, New Delhi-110058 by Anil Kaushal, Secretary, Delhi Bureau of Text Books and Printed at: Nova Publications & Printers Pvt. Ltd., Faridabad-New Delhi. [email protected]SANDEEP KUMAR fra ( fen ) as. aria cord) et fet wor gern ware, feo 11054 ‘gem: 25800187 efhbes = 20890119 ‘sectary (Eaueaton) ‘Government f Natal Captal Troy of Dah ‘Oe Sacretanat Get 10058 Phone: 23600787 Toe 23860119 ‘mal: seyecutncin PREFACE It gives me immense pleasure to present the Support Material for various subjects. The material prepared for students of classes IX to XII has been conceived ‘and developed by a team comprising of the Subject Experts, Members of the ‘Academic Core Unit and teachers ofthe Directorate of Education, ‘The subject wise Support Mateval is developed for the betterment and fenhancement of the academic performance of the students. It will give them en Insight info the subject leading to complete understanding. it is hoped that the teachers and students will make optimum use of this material. This wil help us achieve academic excellence | commend the efforts ofthe team who have worked with complete dedication to develop this matter well within time, Ths is another endeavor ofthe Directorate to Give complete suppor tothe lamers al cv Deh Breet eet) ‘SECRETARYDirector cation & Sports, Govt of NCT of Delhi Ola Seeranat, Dei 110088 Sel BWS0172 ax 23890355 Emails dedi Website ww dod! icin po.Ne. PS 1DE /201€ 1343, paw: 218 1D01g Sanjay Goel, 14s DIRECTOR'S MESSAGE Dear Students, Through this Support Material, | am getting an opportunity. to communicate direct with you and I want to take full advantage of this ‘opportunity. In Deli, there ate approximately 1020 other government schools tke yours, which are run by Directorate of Education. The Head Quarers of Directorate of Education ie situated at Old Secretariat, Delhi All the teachers in your school and officers in the Directorate work day and night so that the standard of our govt. schools may be uplifted and the teachers may adopt new methods and techniques to teach inorder to ensure @ bright future forthe students, Dear students, the book in your hand is also one such initiative of your Directorate. This material has been prepared specially for you by the subject ‘experts. A huge amount of money and time has been spent to prepare this material. Moreover, every year, this materials reviewed and updated as per the (CBSE syllabus so thatthe students can be updated forthe annual examination Last, but not the least, this is the perfect time for you to buld the foundation of your futur. I have full faith in you and the capabilties of your teachers, Please make the fullest and best use of this Support Material pinecror fEdUcaTION)Govt. of NCT of Dethi Directorate of Education Old Secretariat, Delhi-110054 Tel: 79800023 00. nPAlRdde DEC Sem) /80 oae:-16]07) 2018 Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Bala Sain ‘Ad. rece ol Ean (SchoolVExam It gives me immense pleasure and a sense of satisfaction to forward the support ‘material for classes IX to Xin all subjects. The support material is continuously revised redesigned and updated by a team of subject experts, members of Core Academic Unit and teachers from various schools of DOE. Consistent use-of support material by the students and teachers will make the year long journey seemless and enjoyable. The purpose of providing support material has always been to make available ready to use material which is matchless and most appropriate. [My commendation forall the team members for their valuable contribution pe- Dr. Saroj Bala Sain ‘AdgL.DE (School)DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION Govt. of NCT, Delhi SUPPORT MATERIAL (2018-2019) MATHEMATICS Class : IX (English Medium) NOT FOR SALE PUBLISHED BY : DELHI BUREAU OF TEXTBOOKSMATHEMATICS Class (IX) TEAM MEMBERS Sh. $.B. Tripathi V.PL, SKV No. 2, Mansarovar Park, Delhi-32 (Group Leader) Mr, Neeraj Gupta TGT Maths RPWY, Civil Lines, Dethi Mrs, Ritu Tiwari TGT Maths RPVY, Surajmal Vihar, Dethi Mr, Jaspal Singh Negi TGT Maths GBSSS, J8K Block, Dilshad Garden, Delhi Mr, Jai Prakash TGT (Maths) SBY, Jafrabad, Delhi Ms. Aakanksha TGT (Maths) Core Academie Unit 1 1X— MathematicsS.No. © PN enh on 1 12. 13. 14. 15. CONTENTS Chapters Number Systems Polynomials Coordinate Geometry Linear Equations in two variables Introduction to Euclid's Geometry Lines &Angles Triangles Quadrilaterals Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Circles Constructions Heron's Formula Surface Areas and Volumes Statistics Probability Solved Practice Question Paper-1 Solved Practice Question Paper-2 Page No. " 24 34 42 52 59 72 83 92 102 115 119 126 135 145 155 166 2 1X— MathematicsCOURSE STRUCTURE MATHEMATICS (IX) (Code No, 041) The Syllabus in the subject of Mathematics has undergone changes from time to time in accordance with growth of the subject and emerging needs of the society. The present revised syllabus has been designed in accordance with National Curriculum Framework 2005 and as per guidelines given in the Focus Group on Teaching of Mathematics which is to meet the emerging needs of all categories of students. For motivating the teacher to relate the topics to real life problems and other subject areas, greater emphasis has been laid on applications of various concepts. The curriculum at Secondary stage primarily aims at enhancing the capacity of students to employ Mathematics in solving day-to-day life problems and studying the subject as a separate discipline. It is expected that students should acquire the ability to solve problems using algebraic methods and apply the knowledge of simple trigonometry to solve problems of height and distances. Carrying out experiments with numbers and forms of geometry, framing hypothesis and verifying these with further observations form inherent part of Mathematics learning at this stage. The proposed curriculum includes the study of number system, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, mensuration, statistics, graphs and coordinate geometry, etc. The teaching of Mathematics should be imparted through activities which may involve the use of concrete materials, models, pattems, charts, pictures, posters, games, puzzles and experiments, Objectives The broad objectives of teaching of Mathematics at secondary stage are to help the learners to: + consolidate the Mathematical knowledge and skills acquired at the upper primary stage; + acquire knowledge and understanding, particularly by way of motivation and visualization, of basic concepts, terms, principles and symbols and underlying processes and skills; + develop mastery of basic algebraic skills; 3 1X— Mathematics+ develop drawing skills; + feel the flow of reason while proving a resultor solving a problem; + apply the knowledge and skills acquired to solve problems and wherever possible, by more than one method; + todevelop ability to think, analyze and articulate logically; + to develop awareness of the need for national integration, protection of environment, observance of small family norms, removal of social barriers, elimination of gender biases; + to develop necessary skills to work with modern technological devices and mathematical softwares. + to develop interest in mathematics as a problem-solving tool in various. fields for its beautiful structures and patterns, etc. + to develop reverence and respect towards great Mathematicians for their contributions to the field of Mathematics; + to develop interest in the subject by participating in related competitions; + toacquaint students with different aspects of Mathematics used in daily life; + todevelop aninterest in students to study Mathematics as a discipline. COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS -IX Units Unit Name Marks T NUMBER SYSTEMS 08 T "ALGEBRA 7, Ur COORDINATE GEOMETRY. 04 W GEOMETRY 28 Vv MENSURATION. 13 7 STATISTICS & PROBABILITY 10 Total 80 UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS, 1. REALNUMBERS 1. Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers on the number line. Representation of terminating / non- 4 1X— Mathematicsterminating recurring decimals on the number line through successive magnification. Rational numbers as recurring! terminating decimals. Operations on real numbers. 2. Examples of non-recurringinon-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational numbers (irrational numbers) such as V2, V3 and their representation on the number line. Explaining that every real number is represented by a unique point on the number line and conversely, viz. every point on the number line represents a unique real number. 3. Definition ofn” rootofa real number. 4. Existence of x for a given positive real number x and its representation on the number line with geometric proof. 5. Rationalization (with precise meaning) of real numbers of the type 4 ‘and (and their combinations) where x and y are natural 5 number anda and are integers. 6. Recall of laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational ‘exponents with positive real bases (to be done by particular cases, allowing learner to arrive atthe general laws.) UNIT Il: ALGEBRA POLYNOMIALS Definition of a polynomial in one variable, with examples and counter examples. Coefficients of a polynomial, terms of a polynomial and zero polynomial. Degree of a polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials. Monomials, binomials, trinomials. Factors and multiples. Zeros of a polynomial. Motivate and State the Remainder Theorem with examples. Statement and proof of the Factor Theorem Factorization of ax’ + bx + c, a + 0 where a, b and c are real numbers, and of cubic polynomials using the Factor Theorem. Recall of algebraic expressions and identities. Verification of identities: (xtytay = xtayttz Oxy 2yzt22x (xty)" = x°y"£3xy (xy) (xy) OC Fxyty)) xty 5 1X— Mathematicsx'sy'42-Bxyza(xty+z) (x'+y'4z"-xy+yz-2x) and their use in factorization of polynomials. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES. Recall of linear equations in one variable. Introduction to the equation in two variables. Focus on linear equations of the type axtby+c=0. Prove that a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions and justify their being written as ordered pairs of real numbers, plotting them and showing that they lie on a line, Graph of linear equations in two variables. Examples, problems from real life, including problems on Ratio and Proportion and with algebraic and graphical solutions being done simultaneously. UNIT Ill: COORDINATE GEOMETRY COORDINATE GEOMETRY The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the coordinate plane, notations, plotting points in the plane. UNIT IV: GEOMETRY INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY History - Geometry in India and Euclid’s geometry. Euclid's method of formalizing observed phenomenon into rigorous Mathematics with definitions, common/ obvious notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The five postulates of Euclid. Equivalent versions of the fifth postulate. Showing the relationship between axiom and theorem, for example: (Axiom) 1. Given two distinet points, there exists one and only one line through them (Theorem) 2. (Prove) Two distinct lines cannot have more than one Pointin common. LINES AND ANGLES 1. (Motivate) Ifa ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180° and the converse. 6 1X— Mathematics(Prove) Iftwo lines intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal (Motivate) Results on corresponding angles, altemate angles, interior angles when a transversal intersects two parallel ines. (Motivate) Lines which are parallel to. given line are parallel (Prove) The sum of the angles ofa triangle is 180°. (Motivate) If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formedis equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles. TRIANGLES 1 (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence). (Prove) Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle is equal to any two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA Congruence). (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the other triangle (SSS Congruence). (Motivate) Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal (respectively) to the hypotenuse anda side ofthe other triangle. (RHS Congruence) (Prove) The angles opposite to equal sides ofa triangle are equal. (Motivate) The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal. (Motivate) Triangle inequalities and relation between ‘angle and facing side’ inequalities in triangles. QUADRILATERALS 1 (Prove) The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles. (Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely. (Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely. (Motivate) A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pair of its opposite 7 1X— Mathematicssides are parallel and equal 5. (Motivate) In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and. conversely. 6. (Motivate) In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the third side and is half of it and (motivate) its converse. AREA Review concept of area, recall area of a rectangle, 1. (Prove) Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels have the same area, 2. (Motivate) Triangles on the same (or equal base) base and between the same parallels are equal in area, CIRCLES Through examples, arrive at definition of circle and related concepts- radius, circumference, diameter, chord, arc, secant, sector, segment, subtended angle. 1. (Prove) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse, 2. (Motivate) The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center ofa circle to bisect a chord is perpendicularto the chord. 3. (Motivate) There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points, 4, (Motivate) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or their respective centers) and conversely. 5. (Prove) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle, 6. (Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal 7. (Motivate) Ifa line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle. 8 1X— Mathematics8. (Motivate) The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateralis 180° and its converse CONSTRUCTIONS 1. Construction of bisectors of line segments and angles of measure 60°, 90°, 45° etc., equilateral triangles 2. Construction of a triangle given its base, sum/difference of the other two sides and one base angle. 3, Construction of a triangle of given perimeter and base angles. UNIT V: MENSURATION AREAS Area of a triangle using Heron's formula (without proof) and its application in finding the area of a quadrilateral SURFACE AREASAND VOLUMES, Surface areas and volumes of cubes, cuboids, spheres (including hemispheres) and right circular cylinders/cones. UNIT VI: STATISTICS & PROBABILITY STATISTICS Introduction to Statistics: Collection of data, presentation of data — tabular form, ungrouped / grouped, bar graphs, histograms (with varying base lengths), frequency polygons. Mean, median and mode of ungrouped data PROBABILITY History, Repeated experiments and observed frequency approach to probability Focus is on empirical probability. (Alarge amount of time to be devoted to group and to individual activities to motivate the concept; the experiments to be drawn from real -life situations, and from examples used in the chapter on statistics). 9 1X— MathematicsQUESTIONS PAPER DESIGN 2018-19 CLASS-IX Mathematics (Code No. 041) Marks: 80 s No. Typology of Questions Very | Stor Short | An Answer] sner (vSA) J isa) c+ Mar ar) ‘Shoe an HSA) (Mars Long | Total | % ‘An- | Marks | Weig| swer htage| aa (ap- Marks} prox.) Remembering (Knowledge based- Simple recall questions, to know| specific facts, terms, concepts, principles or theories; Identity define, or recite, information} 2] 2 2 2 | 20 | 25% Understanding (Comprehension- to be familar with meaning and to understand conceptually, in-terpet, compare, contrast, ex-plain paraphrase, orinterpretinformation) 4 | 23 | 20% Application (Use abstract infor- ‘mation in conerete situation, to apply knowledge to new situation; Use given contentto interpreta situation, Provide an example, or solve a problem) 1 | 19 | 24% Higher Order Thinking Skills (Analysis & Synthesis- Classify Compare, contrast, of differentiate between different pieces of| information; Organize and 1 or| integrate’ unique pieces of| Information from variety of sources) ~ | 14 | 17% Evaluation (Judge, andior justify the value or worth of a decision or| outcome, oF to predict outcomes based onvalues) 1 | 4 | 5% Total BZ ox5=30 jaee=a2] a0] 100% INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Pariodical Test Note Book Submission 20 Marks, 10 Marks 05 Marks Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed books) 05 Marks 10 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER NUMBER SYSTEMS KEY POINTS 4,2,3,........arenatural numbers which are represented by N .. are whole numbers which are represented by W. -3,-2,-4,0,1,2,3, are Integers which are represented byZorl Anumberis rational numberif (a)_itcan be represented in the form of piq where p and q are integers andq+0. or (b) ts decimal expansion is terminating (@ 4, 2 = 9.4) or 5 (c) its decimal expansion is non-terminating recurring (repeating) (eg. 0.7234 = 0.1234 = 0.1234234......) Anumber sitrational number if (a) it can not be represented in the form of -F where p and q are integers and q0. or (b) its decimal expansion is non-terminating non-recurring (e.g 0.101001000%......) Allrational and irrational numbers collectively form real numbers. There are infinite rational numbers between any two rational numbers. There is a unique real number corresponding to every point on the number line. Also, corresponding to each real number, there is a unique point on the number tine. Rationalisation of a denominator means to change the Irrational denominator to rational form, To rationalise the denominator of — Ya—b Ya+b » Whereaandbare integers » We multiply this by va-b "1 1X— Mathematics+ Laws of Exponents : Leta> 0 be areal numberandm andnare rational numbers, then 1) amatear 3) (a"y=a™ 5) a . For positive real number a and b, the following Identities hold 1) Ja vb = Jab 2) a= = fe 3) (a+b )Wa-vb)=a-b 4) (a+yb) = a+2Vab+b 5) (a+W5)la-vb)=a?-» All natural numbers, whole numbers and integers are rational Prime Numbers : All natural numbers that have exactly two factors (ie., 1 and itself) are called prime numbers. e.g., 2, 3,5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,....ete. Composite Numbers : Those natural numbers which have more than two factors are known as composite numbers. €.g.,4,6, 8, 10, 12, ‘lis neither prime nor composite. ‘Types of Numbers Real Numbers =, (p) Rational Numbers iB Irrational Numbers q ‘ | nn) Terminating Non Terminating Non-Terminating Decimal Expansion Recurring Decimal _Non-Recurring TKS Expansion Decimal Expansion g= 2x5) 110 3) betta) (2 0a) (2-229..-23) . (8) 12 1X— MathematicsReal Numbers 1 Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers Eq: (iE sr) Integers Fractions (05-3, -2,-1,0, 12,3...) | Negative Integers Whole Numbers (0, 1, 2, 3...) ( ...-3,-2,-1) y Zero (0) Natural Numbers (1, 2, 3, ...) Even Numbers Odd Numbers (2,4,6,8...) (1,3,5,7,9..) Prime Number Composite Numbers (2) (4, 6, 8. 10...) (1) Prime Numbers — Composite (3,5,7, 11...) Numbers (9, 15...) + yee am 13 1X— Mathematicswhere'a'is a positive real number and nis positive integer. where ‘a'is a positive real number, mand nare co prime integers, and n>o. 14 1X— Mathematics10 " 12. 13, 14, 15, 16 7, 18, 19 Part (A) Write first five whole numbers in $ form, where p and q are integers andq#0 Find decimal SES ind decimal expansion of +7g+7' Find four rational numbers between 2 and 3 Find decimal form of \Z3 and VZ4 upto 3 decimal places. Find two Irrational numbers between V23 and V24. Find one Irrational and one rational number between 2 and V5. Write two numbers whose decimal expansions are terminating What can be the maximum number of digits in the repeating block of digits in the decimal expansion of 5 ? 7 Write two numbers whose decimal expansions are non-terminating non-repealing (non-recurring). Find the value of (256)"" x (256)"" Find two Irrational numbers between 2016 and 2017. Part (B) Represent =2 onthenumber line Represent following on numberline i) 5 iit) V3. iii) 93 iv) v2 Represent 3+ ¥Z.6 on the number line. Inserttwo Irrational numbers between 2 and 3 2 5+ V3 Simply: 5 Jas — as — aT Find the value of {1° +2°+3"+ 8]? Find the value of xif x"*= (36)"* Find the value of xif (\3)"=3" 15 1X— Mathematics20. 2 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. If 2 « 2% = 32. Then find the value of x. Evaluate a%-¥ a’-?_ a? 202 Simplify 495 55 Which ofthe following rational numbers will have a terminating decimal expansion or a nonterminating repeating (recurring) decimal expansion? 135 4 8 ay 62 o& 4 £ (w 68 55 six! 51 re eae “oo Classify the following numbers as terminating decimal or non- terminating recurring decimal or non-terminating non-recurring decimal: (i 0.1668. (i) 0.250 (iy 4.01001000100001 (wy 0.27696 (v) 2.142057142857.... vi) 03 (vii) 0.2359872786... (vill)0.484848848. (ix) 2502500250002. (0) 4 TORAB6TES Also classify these given numbers as Rational and Irrational numbers. Classify the following numbers as rational or Irrational number: () Var (ii) 86 (il) JB x 125 (iv) 2 “ pa (vi) 2+ JZ (vil) 5 + 223~ (25 + V92) wii) 2 (x) « 0 a Express the following numbers in the form -£-» where p and q are integers and q +0. () 0.0875 i) 2.123456789 (iy 0.181818, 16 1X— Mathematics27. 28. 29. 30. 31 32. 33. (iv) 0.437 (v) 3.657 Doasdirected: (i) Add: 125 + 227 and - 5¥5 - v3 (ii) Add: V7 — J44 and V5 - Ji4 + V1 (ili) Multiply: 2¥2 by 5V2. (iv) Muttiply: (3 + 5) by3, (v) Divide: 7V5 by -14V125 (vi) Divide: 2V216 - 327 by3. Part (C) Simplify @B+38)QR-38) (i) v8 - 325 (ill) V7 + WEP (iv) © -V2)(2+ V8) Evaluate a ‘iy Ila)" 6 —*.--3 Findthe value ofaif 32 — 23 Simplity: [5 (8% +27") F (25) x (243° (16) « (ay? Simplify )""* = 2500, then find the value of x. Part (D) Express 0.6 + 0.7 + 0.47 in the form & where p and q are integers and q+ 0. 17 1X— Mathematics35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. a“ 42. 43. 44, 46. 46. 1 Rationalise the denominator of J5>J6—47 7435 _7-3V5 Find a and b if =a+bi5 ind gand it LASS TAME a 5 (4) (3 - 22), 4 WF x= @-2v2), show that [4k ¥) Ifxyz = 1, then simplify "x Qaz4x Ga xey le Ge yee Find the value of x if (i) 2578 = 5 (ii) (41-6 = 384 Evaluate: 4° ro (iv) 7 x 1 (viliy Vx = ER 18 1X— Mathematics47. 48. 49. 50. 51 i a=1+97,findthevalueot Itp=5-246, Findp*+ $ Express 0.3178 in the form of p/q where p and q are integers and q <0. If \2= 1.414, then find the value of V8 + v50 + \72 + 188 Find the value of 4 1 2 —_4_,—1_ (216) — (256)* = (243) 19 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER NUMBER SYSTEMS ANSWERS 1 O12 34 v4 2) 2.125, = 02,2 - 0286774, © - 168 16 7 3 3) 15,16 17 18 (other answers are possible). 63’ 63' 63° 63 4) 23 = 4.795, \24 = 4.898 5) 48010010001 ......, 4.8020020002 ......, (other answers are possible) 6) 2.1,2.010010001 ....., (other answers are possible). 8) 6 10) 4 14) 2016.1010010001 ..... ; 2016.2020020002 ......; (other answers are possible) 15) 0.90009000 .....; 1.10100100010000 ..... (other answers are possible) 16) 1 ms 18) 36 19) 14 10° 1 20) x=7 24) 4 22) (60)"* 23) ()) TerminatingDecimal —_—(i)_ Non Terminating Repeating Decimal (ii) Non-Terminating Repeating Decimal (iv) Terminating Decimal (wv) Non-Terminating Repeating Decimal (vi) Terminating Decimal (vil). Terminating Decimal 20 1X— Mathematics24) (i) _Non-Terminating Repeating Decimal (Rational) 2. 26. 27. 28. 29, 30, 33, (i) Terminating Decimal (Rational). (ii) | Non-Terminating Non-Repeating Decimal (Irrational) (iv) Terminating Decimal (Rational) (V) _ Non-Terminating Repeating Decimal (Rational) (vi) Non-Terminating Repeating Decimal (Rational) (vil) Non-Terminating Non-Repeating Decimal (rational) (vi), Non-Terminating Non-Repeating Decimal (rational) (ix) _Non-Terminating Non-Repeating Decimal (rational) (%) _ Non-Terminating Repeating Decimal (Rational) (i) rational (jl) Rational-—(li) Rational’ (iv) Irrational (¥) Rational (vi) rational (ui) Rational (vi) Rational (ix) Irrational (x). Rational ‘ 7 jy 2128456789 gy 2 0.0878 = 55 © Foo0o00000 "34 433, 1643 ) 350 0 0) 53 (i) B-2NT a V7 + VIB il) 20 1 9435 M ~ 75 (vi 4V6 - 33 ) -19 (i) 2 (il) 13 + 242 (iv) 12 + 6V3 - 2V2 - V6 ot w 2 2 3375 38 32, 512 167 xe 4, 187 ° "90 21 1X— Mathematics36, 36, 38, 39, 40. 44, 45, 46. 47, 50, BS + 56 v7 - 2008) a=0,b=2 1 (1+ y+ xy)(1+ z+ yz)1+x+ m0 g ai 3 > 4 a4 42.4 a? +b? + ab = 675 o 18 (i) -8V5 (il) 322, (wv) -1445 (v) 5778 (vi) -2584J5 (vil), 25 will) 4 (ix) 103682 () 33386282 (xi) YB - 142 WF 48, 98 a, 28.28 st. 214 22 1X— MathematicsPractice Test NUMBER SYSTEMS Time : 50 Min. M.M. 20 1, it 4 = &, then find a is rational or irrational number. (1) 2. _ Find two irrational numbers between {2 and J3. (1) 3. Simplify: 4B+348 2 fF (2) 213 4. If 43 = 1.732, find the value of (2) 5. _ Find the value of x and y (@) AST - ao l77 VM +N7 6. Represent (2 +3) on the number line. 3) 7. Simplify : (4) tox 2) 4x2? 16 x 29°? 2x 2"? 8. Express the following in the form pla where p and q are integers and azo (4) 04 +018 23 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-2 POLYNOMIALS KEY POINTS ‘Polynomial p(x) in one variable xis an algebraic expression in x of the formp(x)=a,xta_x"' +a.x+..tax tax+a,,where (i) ,8,a,...€,are constants anda, #0 (li) @,,a,,a,.....a,are respectively the coefficients of’, x,x*, (iii) Eachofa,x’+a.,x" +a,.x"+..+ax° +ax-+a,,iscalled aterm ofthe polynomial. (iv) nis called the degree of the polynomial where n isa non-negative integers Degree of the Polynomial : Highest power of x in the algebraic expressionis called the degree of the polynomial. Different types of polynomials : Generally, we divide the polynomials in the following categories (i) Based on degrees Degree Polynomial General form Examples @ 4 Linear ax+b, x#1,2« etc &) 2 Quadratic ax’ + bx +6, ac+ax+d ote © 3 Cubic ax'+ bx tex+d, x’ 3x°+5 ete, @) 4 Biquadratic ax‘ +bx’+ox’+dx+e, x'-16 etc. a,b, ¢, d, e are real constants and a #0. Note : A polynomial of degree five or more than five does not have any particular name. Such a polynomial usually called a polynomial of degree five or six or .. etc. (ii) Based on Number of Terms: No. of Terms Polynominal Examples (2) 1 Monomial 5, 3x, yy ete. (b) 2 Binomial V3 + 6x, x—5y, x'+2 ete. ) 3 Trinomial J+ 4x +2, 5y'+2y+6 ele, 24 1X— MathematicsNote : A polynomial having four or more than four terms does not have particular name. These are simply called polynomials. i) Zero degree polynomial or non-zero constant polynomial. Any non-zero number (constant) is regarded as polynomial of degree zero or zero degree polynomial. 1., p(x) = a where a7 is a zero degree polynomial, since we can write p(x) = a, as p(x) = ax” eg. 5=5x iv) Zero Polynomial : Apolynomial whose all coefficients are zero is called as zero polynomial i.e., p(x) = 0. The degree of zero polynomial isnotdefined or we can not determine the degree of zero polynomial. Fora polynomial p(x) ifp(a) isazero of the polynomial Owhere ais. real number we say that’a’ If p(x) is any polynomial of degree greater than or equal to 1 and p(x) is divided by a linear polynomial x —a, then the remainder is p(a). This is, called remainder theorem Ifp(x)is a polynomial of degree > 1 and’a'is any real number then (i) (&-a)isa factor of p(x), ifp(a)=Oand (i) p(@)=Oif K—a)is a factor of p(x), Thisis called factor theorem. polynomial of degree 'n’ can have at most nzeroes. Some algebraic identities — () (xtyPaxt# aay ty? (il) Qeyf=e-2xy+y" (ill) -y*= Oty) Oy) (iv) (xta) (x+b) =x + (a+b) x+ ab (v) (xtytz)'=x? +y! +2" + xy +2yz + 22x 25 1X— Mathematics(vi) (xty)= x+y’ + Sxy (xty)=x° ty’ + Bx’y + Sxy’ (vil) (ey) =x —y"—Bxy Oy) =H -y"— Bx'y + Sy? (viii) x°+y" = (x+y) (x?— xy +’) ix) x-y"= (cy) (x+xy + y/) x) x ty? +2!—Sxyze (xtytz) OX +y"4zxy-y2-2x) =F Getye2) {cy + -2)"+ 20") xi) Hf xty#z=0,thenx’ +y’+2'=3xyz 26 1X— Mathematics10. " 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Part-A Write the coefficient of y*in Sy’ + 2y'—y +5 Find the coefficient of x*in (x*— 1) (x—2) If (x—2)is one of the factor of 3x—2a, then find the value ofa. 43x W43K-1 So ys Find the degree of polynomial = 3 If p(x) =x° 3x? + 2x—3 find the value of p(1) + p(-1). Find zeros of the polynomial z*-8 Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Give an example of Trinomial of degree 3. Give one example each of monomial, binomial and quadratic polynomial Check whetherx=3is a zero of polynomial x’—3x +x—3. Write the degree of the polynomial v7 Ifone of the zero of polynomial 3x" + 5x +k is—1, then find out the value ofk. Express 4x’—4x + 1 as a square of binomial. Part-B Check whether q(x) is a multiple of r(x) or not. Iq(x) = 2x°— 11x! 4x +5, r(x) = 2x +1 Show that (x—5)is a factor of x’ - 3x'—4x—30. Evaluate by using suitable identity :(997)" 27 1X— Mathematics17. 18, 19. 20. 2 22. 23. 24. 2. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31 32. 33. Find the zeroes of the polynomial p (x-2) +3) Find the quotient when 3x? - 7x—6is divided by (x—3) Factorise 8x’ + \27y’. If p(x) =x+9, then find p(x) + p(-x). Find the product without multiplying directly 106 «94 rrase—o= (6+ 2)(6e-2) en tnt vt of Expand using suitable identity (2x —3y + 2)? Find the value of (351)? - (350). Part Factorise : 64a° + 96ab + 36b Factorise : x'+ 6x’ + 11x +6 Ifx? +y'=49 and x—y=3, then find the value of x’-y” Simplify : (5a—2b) (25a’ + 10ab + 4b’) — (2a + 5b) (4a”— 10ab + 25b") Find the sum of remainders when x’ - 3x" + 4x —4 is divided by (x— 1) and (x +2). 4) / ) ) Findthe product ([p — ‘(os 4 pet (6 at pP pl? te P Factorise: 72 k® — 10k - 4y2. Simplify : (8x—4y)'—(3x+4y)" (a, 4 Expand tye 2) using suitable identity. 28 1X— Mathematics35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. “1 42. 43, Part-D Factorise : 125x° + 8y’ + 2*— 30xyz. x + 2s a factor of polynomial ax’ + bx* + x — 2 and the remainder 4 is obtained by dividing this polynomial by (x —2). Find the value of a and b Check whether p(t) =6t + 3¢ + 3t+ 18is.a multiple of (2t +3). Find the value of kif (x +k) isa factor of the polynomial x°+ kx? — 2x + k+ 4.and factorise x'—x. If(x-3)and [x 4 per. J are factors of the polynomial px’ + 3x +r, show that (i) Using Identity, find the value of (-7)' + (5)'+ (2) (ii) Find dimensions of cube whose volume is given by expression Ad H14x46 Give possible expression for the length and breadth of each of the following rectangles if. (i) Area=(x'+5V5x +30) sq. unit, (ii) Area=(24x?—26x—8) sq. unit A literacy compaign was organised by Class IX girl students under NSS. Students made (x5) rows and (3x — 4) columns for the rally. ‘Write the total number of students in the form of a polynomial. Under tree plantation programme students of Class IX planted total (3x'-4x—4) trees in school, Iftotal number of students in the class are (x2) then find out number of trees planted by each student. (Assuming each student planted ‘equal number of trees). 29 1X— Mathematics44. 465. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51 52. Ifa+b+c=0, find the value of (oto), (tay, (a+b) Be ca ‘ab Simplify (at-b')' + (be + (Catt ) + (b-c)° + (cay? (a Factorise (2a-b-}*+ (2b-c-a)* + (2c-a-b)* If the polynomial 4x*16x"+ax+7 is exactly divisible by x-1, then find the value of a. Hence factorise the polynomial 43, 41 Factorise: * ~ 24% — 72 Factorise: 9x° -27x7—100x +300 Factorise: x'—5x?+4 It ytk —1 wherex+0, y#0then find the value of x*— Simply; 155 * 155 + 155 x 55 + 55 x 55 155 * 155 155 — 55 x 55 * 55 30 1X— Mathematics10. 13, 16. 19 2 23. 26. 27. 30. 32. 33. 36. 36. 38. 40. CHAPTER-2 POLYNOMIALS ANSWERS 5 2 2 3. as3 5 5-12 6 +v8,- V8 Remainder 8. _x°—3x' + 2oranyotherexample 2x, 2x?+ 3, x’+2x—3 orany other examples Yes 11, Degree=0 12, k=2 (2x-1) 14. No. 15. Hintputx=5 991026973 17. (0,2,-3 18. 3x42 (ex = By)lax? — aay + 3y2) 20. 18 1 Hint (100 +6) (100-6) 2. 36 4x2 + 9y? +2? —12xy - 6yz+ 4xz 24. 701 (8a+6by 26. (x+1)(x+2)(x+3) 207 28. 117a-133b° 29. -34 os 31. (k- V2)(7V2k + 4) —By(16y" + 27x!) or— 128y'-216x’y xy + 42x 37. Yes k= 3, x68 x20 ()=210; (ii)2, +3), (2x41) 31 1X— Mathematics“1 42. 43. 44, 46. 48. 49. 50. 51 52. (x + 2V5),( + 35) 3x-19x420 (3x+2) 3 3 (2a-b-c) (2b-c-a) (20-a-b) Fy @x-2) (8x+1) (8x+ 10) (x=3) (8x-10) (= 1) («+ 1) 2) (x+2) ° 0.01 32 (ii) 45, 47. (4x +1), (6x — 8) {atb) (+c) (cra) a=, (x1) (2x#1) (2x-7) 1X— MathematicsPractice Test POLYNOMIALS Time : 50 Min. M.M. 20 1, Is (¢)° + 216a polynomial? a 2. Show that x = 1 is a zero of the polynomial 3x°— 4x" + &x-7. (1) 3. Find the zeroes of the polynomial x*— 4x + 3 (2) 4. x+y +z=6, xy+yz+zx= 11, Find the value of x*+y*+2*, (2) 5. If 3x4 isa factor of the polynomial p(x) = 2x°— 11x’ + kx— 20, (3) find the value k 6. Factorise: a+ b* + 2(ab + be + ca) (3) 7. if a+b+c=0 then ind the value of (4) oe e be * ca * ab 8. Factorise x°— 23x’ + 142x - 120. by using factor theorem. (4) 33 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-3 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY KEY POINTS + Coordinate Axes : The position of a pointin a plane is determined with reference to two fixed mutually perpendicular lines, called coordinate axes. yitve) Wi Quadrant Ist Quadrant I Quadrant IV Quadrant y' Cve) The horizontal ine xox'is called x-axis. The vertical ine yoy'is called y-axis The intersection point of these two lines is called origin. It is represented by O. + Coordinates : Location of a point P in cartesian system, written in the form of ordered pair say P(a, b) as shown in figure above. a is the length of perpendicular of P (a, b) from y-axis and is called abscissa of P. 34 1X— Mathematicsb is the length of perpendicular of P (a,b) from x-axis and is called ordinate of Location ofa point P (a, b) on graph with sign convention — where a and bare such that — Value of Point Sign of Point Location of Point (i) a=0,b=0 - origin (i) a>0,b>0 4) IstQuadrant (ii) a0 Gy lInd Quadrant (iv) a<0,b<0 ) lird Quadrant (v) a>0,b<0 co) IVth Quadrant Note : Ifa pointlie on x-axis ory-axis it does notte in any quadrant. Coordinate ofa point on x-axis are of the form (x, 0) Coordinate ofa point on y-axis are of the form (0, y). 35 1X— MathematicsPart-A 1. Inwhich quadrant do the given points lie. (i) (B,-2) i) (17,30) (ill) (2,5) (iv) (-0,-20) (v) (10,100) (vi) (81,80) ‘Onwhich axis do the given points lie. () (11,0) iN-11, 0) (ii) (0,14) (iv) (0,100) The abscissa and ordinate of a point Aare —3 and 5 respectively then write down the coordinate of A. Write the name of the pointwhere both axes intersect? Is P(7, 0)and Q (0, 7) represent the same point? Inwhich quadrants x coordinate is negative? Nome Name the figure formed when we plot the points (0, 0), (4, 4) and (0, 4) onagraph paper. 8. In which quadrant, does the point A (x, y) with values x >0 and y > 0 exists. 9. IfQisapointon x-axis then its ordinate will definitely be. 10, Write the coordinates of the fourth vertex of a square when three of its vertices are given by (1, 2) (5, 2) (5,-2). 11, The perpendicular distance of the point P (5, 2) from x-axis is and from y-axisis 12, The perpendicular distance of the point Q (-116, -80) from x-axis is and from y-axisis, 13, If abscissa of a point Ais positive & ordinate is negative then in which quadrant do Alie? 14, Write the coordinates of a point whose perpendicular distance from x- axis is 5 units & perpendicular distance from y-axis is 3 & it ies in II quadrant. 36 1X— Mathematics15. Draw the Cartesian plane on a graph paper and plot the given points. (i) A(3,5) i) B (-7/2, 0) (iii) C (2, -6) (iv) D(-6,-4) (vy) E@,-Si2) (vi) F (8, 0) 16. Write the coordinates of each of points in the given figure. A,B,C,P.QR y (ve) 1 9 8 a 7 6 5 4 3 2 i -0-98745432-17123456789 0 * \ a y' (ve) 17. _ Point P (4, 3) is in the first quadrant. Find the coordinate of the point Q, opposite to P in fourth quadrant. 18. Find the distance of point (8, 3) from xaxis. 19. Write the name of the figure formed by joining the points A (-3, 0), B (0, 3)and C (3, 0)in the cartesian plane. 37 1X— Mathematics20. 2 22. 23. 24, 26. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31 Write the coordinates of the point that lies on y-axis andis ata distance of 2 units in upward direction. Part-B Ifthe mirror image of a point (x, y) about x-axis is (x, -y) then the mirror image of the point S (-5, 7) about x-axis is. Find the distance of the point P (4, 0) from origin. Write the mirror image of (4,3) abouty-axis. Part—¢ Draw a line segment on a graph paper whose end points lies in first quadrant and third quadrant. Write the coordinates of its end points and. mid point ofline segment. Plotthe pointsA (2, 4) & B (2, -5) whose x-coordinates are same. Is this line AB parallel to any of the axes. Ifyes, to which axis is it parallel ? Plot the points P (2, -3) & Q (-5, -3) whose ordinates are same. To which axis the line P Qis parallel ? Plot the points A (7, 6) & B (7, -6) on graph paper. Join them & answer the following: (Write the coordinate ofthe pointwhere line AB cuts the x-axis? (ii) Towhich axis, line ABis parallel ? Draw a triangle ABC on graph paper having the coordinates of its vertices as A(-2, 0), B (4,0) and C (1, 5). Also find the area of triangle. If we plot the points P(S, 0), Q (5, 5), R(-5, 5) and $ (-5, 0), which figure willwe get? Name the axis of symmetry of this figure? Find the coordinates of a point which is equidistant from the two points (4, 0) and (4, 0). How many of such points are possible satisfying the condition? Draw a quadrilateral with vertices A (4, 3), B(-4, 3), C(-4, -3) and D(4, 3). Draw ts diagonals and write the coordinates of the point where the diagonals cut each other? 38 1X— Mathematics32. 33. Part —D A rectangular field is of length 10 units & breadth 8 units. One of its vertex lie on the origin. The longer side is along x-axis and one of its, vertices lie in first quadrant. Find all the vertices. Plot the points B (5, 3), E(5, 1), S (0, 1) and T(0, 3) and answer the following (i) _Jointhe points and name the figure obtained. (ii) Find the area of figure. 39 1X— Mathematics" 12 14, 16, 17. 19. 2 28. 27. 28. 30. 33. CHAPTER-3 COORDINATE GEOMETRY ANSWERS () WQuadrant (i) IV Quadrant (ii) Quadrant (iv) MQuadrant —(v) ‘| Quadrant (vi) Quadrant (i) xaxis (li) x-axis (ii) y-axis (iv) yraxis (3-5) 4. Origin 5. No land lllQuadrant 7. Right Angle Triangle IstQuadrant 9. 0 10. (1,-2) x-axis—2units; y-axis—5 units x-axis—80units; y-axis—116 units 3.V (3,5) A(3,—7), B(-3, -3), C(4, 9), P(6, 0), Q(-10, 7), R(9,-4) (4,-3) 18. Sunits Triangle or isosceles Triangles 20. (0,2) (5-7) 22. 4units 23. (-4,-3) Yes, y-axis 26, x-axis () (7.0) (i) Parallel to y-axis 18 square units 29. Rectangle, y-axis Any point on y-axis, infinite 31. Atorigin (0,0) (i) Rectangle (i) 10units 40 1X— MathematicsPractice Test COORDINATE GEOMETRY Time : 50 Min. MM. 20 1. Inwhich quadrant, the point (x, y) will ie? (Where x is a positive and y is a negative number) (1) 2. Write the y-coordinate of a point which lies on x-axis. (1) 3. Find the value of x and y if: 2) (a) (x4, 7) = (4,7) (b) (1, 2y— 3) = (1, 7) 4. What is the distance of a point (7, 6) from x-axis and y-axis? (2) 5. Plot the following points in a Cartesian plane. (3) 3, 5), (-2, 0), 4, 0) 6. Write the equations of lines 7 and mas shown in the figure. * Also name the line which is represented by x = 0 7. Plotthe points O(0, 0),A(4, 0) and C(0, 6). Find the coordinates of the fourth point B such that OABC forms a rectangle. (4) 8 The base AB of two equilateral triangle ABC and ABD with side 2a, lies along the x-axis such that the mid point of AB is at the origin. Find the coordinates of two vertices C and D of the triangles. (4) a1 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-4 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES KEY POINTS + Linear equation in one variable — An equation which can be putin the form ax+b=0, a0 and a, bare real numbers is called a linear equation inone variable. + Linear equation in two variables — Any equation which can be put in the form axtby+o=0, where a, b, and care real numbers and a, b +0, is called a linear equation in two variables. Linear equation in one variable has a unique solution axtb=0 > x=-8 + Linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions. «The graph of every linear equation in two variables isa straight ine + Every pointon the line satisfies the equation of the line. + Every solution of the equation is a point on the line. Thus, a linear equation in two variables is represented geometrically by a line whose points make up the collection of solutions of the equation: Graph The pair of values of x and y which satisfies . the given equation is called solution of the equation in two variables Example:x+y=4 Solutions of equation ee xty=4are 4) (1,3) (2,2) (4,0) and many more } 42 1X— Mathematics10. " 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 17, 18, 19, Part—A. Express the linear equation v2x~ thus indicate the values ofa, band c. 5y in the form of ax+by+o=0 and Express xin terms ofy for the equation 3x+4y=7 Express y in the terms of x 3yt5x=9 Point (9,0) lie on which axis? Write the equation of x axis. Express the equation 5y=9 as linear equation in two variables. Write the linear equation which is parallel to x-axis and is ata distance of 2 units from the origin in upward direction. Check whether (1, -2)isa solution of 2x-y=6. Check whether x =2 &y=+2isa solution of 2x - How many solutions are there for equation y= 5x +2. Find the value of , if x=—1 & y= tis solution of equation Kx—2y=0. Ifthe graph of equation 2x. + Ky = 10 K intersects x-axis at point (5,0) find the value of K The graph of the linear equation 4x=6 is parallel to which axis? Atwhat point the graph of 2x-y=6, cuts x-axis? Check whether (0, 0)isapoint on y=mx+cor y=mx Onwhich side ofy-axis,x +3= (lies. Find any two solutions of equation Oxty = x46. Find the value of Pif y Ifthe points A (3,5) and B (1, 4) ies on the graph of line ax+by=7, find the value ofa. isasolution of equation 5x+3 Py=4a 43 1X— Mathematics20. Write the coordinates of the Point where the graph of the equation 5x+2y=10 intersect both the axes 21. Write the equations of two lines passing through (3, 10) 22, The cost of coloured paper is r 7 more than 1/3 of the cost of white paper. Write this statement in linear equation in two variables. 23. Drawthe graph of equation x+y=5. 24, From the choices given below, choose the equation whose graph is givenin figure — (i) x2y=5 (i) x-2y=5 i) y+2x=5 25. The graph of linear equation 2x - y = 6 will pass through which quadrant(s). 26. Howmany solution of the equation 3x -2=x-3arethere onthe (Number line )) Cartesian plane. 27. Findthe points where the graph of x + y=4 meets line which is (i) parallel to x-axis at3 units from origin in positive direction of y-axis. ) parallel to y-axis at 2 units on left of origin. 28. Ifthe points A (4,6) and B (1,3)lie on the graph of ax+by=8 then find the value of aand b, 29. Find the value of'a'if (1, -1)is the solution of the equation 2x + ay = 5. Find the two more solutions of the equation 44 1X— Mathematics30. 31 32. 33. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Find two solutions of the equation 4x + 5; is solution of the given equation. ’8. Check whether (-2,10) Write the equation of ine passing through (3,—3) & (6, -6) lfx=3k— value of K, Y: a solution of equation 4x—7y + 12=0, then find the If (m—2, 2m+1)lies on equation 2x + 3y-10=0, find m. F=(9/5)C+32 (i) _ Ifthe temperature is 35°C, whatis the temperature in Fahrenheit? (ii) Ifthe temperature is 30°C, whatis the temperature in Fahrenheit? Draw the graph of the linear equation 2x+3y=6. Find out the coordinates of the points where the line intersects atx axis and y-axis. Draw the graph for the linear equations 3x—4y= 12, Ifx= 8, find the value of y with the help of graph. Draw the graph of y=x & 2y=—5x onthe same graph. Give the geometrical representation of 5x+7=0.as equation. ())inone variable (ii) intwovariables Draw the graph of the linear equations 2y - x= 7. With the help of graph ‘check whether x=3 and y = 2is the solution of the equation? Part-D Write 3y = 8x in the form of ax+by+c=0. Write x in terms of y. Find any two solutions of the equation. How many solutions you can find out? 45 1X— Mathematics“1 42 43. 46. 46. Rohan and Ramita of Class IX decided to collect r 25 for class cleanliness. Write it in linear equations in two variables. Also draw the graph, Sarika distributes chocolates on the occasion of children’s Day. She gives 5 chocolates to each child and 20 chocolates to adults. If no. of children is represented by 'x’ and total distributed chocolates as'y’ (i) Write itin the form of inear equation in two variables. (li) _If'she distributed 145 chocolates in total, find no. of children? Priyanka and Arti decided to donate % 1600 for the Army widows Priyanka's share asx’ and Arti share as’. (a) Formalinear equation in two variables. (b) If Priyanka donates thrice the amount donated by Arfi, then find outthe amount donated by both. Riya participates in Diwali Mela with her friends for the charity to centre of handicapped children. They donate € 3600 to the centre from the amount earned in Mela. If each girl donates % 150 and each boy donates 200. (a) Form the linear equation in two variables. (b) Ifno. ofgitts are 8, find no. of boys. Ako is driving a car with uniform speed of 60 km/hr. Assuming total distance to be y km & time taken as x hours, form a linear equation. Draw the graph. From the graph read the following (i) distance travelled in 90 minutes, (li) Time taken to cover a distance of 150 km. The parking charges of a car in a private parking is € 20 for the first hour and ®10 for subsequent hours. Taking total parking charges to be y & total parking time as x hours form a linear equation. Write it in standard form & hence find, a, b & c. Draw the graph also. 46 1X— Mathematics47. We know that C = 2nr, taking x = 22/7, circumference as y units, radius as x units, form a linear equation. Draw the graph. Check whether the graph passes through (0, 0). From the graph read the circumference when radius is 2.8 units. 47 1X— Mathematics18. 19 20. CHAPTER-4 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES ANSWERS \2x—5y-4=0, Wherea=12, 7-4y 5,0=—4 Yes Infinitely many solutions. k=-2 Ke Parallel to y-axis. (3.0) y=mx Onleftside (1,4)(0,5) (orany othertwo possible solutions) 4a-10 (0,5) and (2,0) 48 1X— Mathematics2 22. 24, 26. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 32. 33. 36. 36. 39. 40. a“ 3x-y+1=0 (orany other possible solution) 12x+7y= 106, 3x-y =21 (Letthecost ofcoloured paper be %xcost of white paper by®y), x-2y=5 AU (i) One Solution (ii) Infinitely many. (0@,1) (i) 6-2) m=11/8 95° F, 86°F (3,0), (0,2) y=3 No 8x-3y+0=0 a=8,b=-3,c=0 Infinitely many solutions, x+y=25 49 1X— Mathematics42. 43. 46. 46. (i) (ii) (i) x+y=1600 (ii) Priyanka=%1200, Arti=%400 (i) 150.x + 200y = 3600, (i) Boys = 12 y=60, (i) 90km (ii) 2%hours y=20+10x Standard from 10x-y+20=0 a=10,b=-1,C=20 50 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES Time :50 Min, MM, 20 1 2. The graph of linear equation 2y =5is parallel towhich axis? (1) Write the linear equation the graph of which is parallel to y-axis andis ata distance 3 units on left from the origin (1) If the point (5, 2) lies on the graph of the linear equation kx + Sy = 10k, Find k (2) Write two linear equations the graph of which passes through (2,-3) the from of 2) Write the linear equation x + V/3Y = 4 in the from of ax + by +c=0 & hence write the values of a,b & c. Write x in terms of y. 8) Find the solutions of linear equation 2x + y = 4 which represents a point on 8) (i) x-axis, (ii) y-axis. (ii) parallel to x-axis at a distance 3 units from origin Give the geometrical representation of 2x +5 = 0 as a linear- equation in (4) (a) one variable (b) two variables. In a Residential Society, Rain water is stored in underground water tank. The water is stored at the rate of 30 cubic cm per second. If water stored is y cubic cm in x second, write a linear equation in two variables. Draw its graph (4) From the graph read the following: (i) Total water stored in 3 seconds. (ii) In how many seconds water stored is 120 cm* 51 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-5 INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY KEY POINTS Introduction : Euclidean geometry, which is taught today is named after Euclid - he is known as “the father of geometry". Euclid also studied and contributed in other areas of mathematics, including number theory and astronomy. Axiom or Postulates : Axiom or Postulates are the assumptions which are obvious universal truths, They are not proved. Theorems : Theorems are statements which are proved using definitions, axioms, previously proved statements and deductive reasoning. ‘SOME OF EUCLID'S AXIOMS. 1 2 3 4, 5. 6. 7. Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another. Ifequals are added to equals the whole are equal Ifequals are subtracted from equals the remainders are equal. Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another. The whole is greater than the part. Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another. Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another, EUCLID'S POSTULATES AND DEFINITIONS Postulates 1: A straight line may be drawn from any one point to any other points. Postulate 2 :Aterminated line can be produced indefinitely. Postulate 3 : Acircle can be drawn with any centre and any radius. Postulate 4 : Allright angles are equal to one-another. Postulate 5 : Ifa straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right 52 1X— Mathematicsangles, then two straight lines if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of anglesis less than two right angles. DEFINITIONS 1. APointis that which has no part. Alingis breadth less length. The ends of a line are points. Astraight line is a line which lies evenly with the points on it self Asurface is that which contain length and breadth only. ‘The edges ofa surface are lines. NOARON A plane surface is a surface which lies evenly with the straight lines onitself. 8. Twodistinct lines can not have more than one point in common. 53 1X— Mathematicseens " 12. 13, Part-A Write the number of dimensions, thata surface contain Aproofis required for. (Postulate, Axioms, Theorem) The number of line segments determined by three collinear points is, (Two, three, only one) Euclid stated that if Equals are subtracted from Equal then the remainders are equal in the form of, (an axiom, a definition, a postulate) In given figure AD = BC then AC and BD are equal ornot? A D c B How many lines can pass through a single point? State Euciia's first postulate. Write Euctia's fifth postulate. Wa+b=15anda+b+o=15+¢ which axiom of Euclid does the statement illustrate? ITA, B and C are three points on a line and B is between A and C then prove thatAC— BC =AB. a A Part-B Ifx-+y = 10 and x = z then show that z + In given figure AX = AY, AB=AC. A Show that : BX = CY In given figure ZABC = ZACBand /3= 24 8 Show that 21 = 22 bah 8 c 54 1X— Mathematics14, 15, 16 17, 18. 19, 20. 2 Inthe given figure of AD = CB then prove ee Solve the equation x- 10= 15, State which axiom do you use here. Ifa point C lies between two points A and B such that AC = BC then prove that ac = 1aB 2 Inthe given figure A am = 2aB M N 1 AN = SAC B c show thatAB=AC In the given figure AC = DC, CB = CE then show that AB = DE A E c B D Prove that every line segment has one and only one mid point. State true or false (a) onlyone line can pass through a single point. (b) There are infinitely many number of lines which passes through the two distinct point B (0) Euclid belongs to Greece. Part-¢ Q Se Inthe given figure 21 = /2and £2= 23 NO then show that 21 = 23 % 55 1X— Mathematics22. Inthe give figure AB = BC, Mis the mid point of AB and Nis the mid point of BC. Show that AM = NC A M. 8 N Ic 23, Inthe given figure 21 = Z3and 22= 24 B then show that ZBAD = 2BCD “SS D 24, An equilateral triangle is a polygon made up of three line segments out of which two line segments are equal to the third one and all the angles are 60° each Can you justify that all sides and all angles are equal in equilateral triangle? 25, RAM and Shyam are two students of Class IX. They give equal donation to a blind school in the month of March. In April each student double their donation. (a) compare their donation in April (b)_ which mathematical concept have been covered in this question? 26. Monika and Vasu have the same weight if they both gain weight by 2kg. How will theirnew weights be compared? (a) Whatmathematical concept have been coveredin this question? 56 1X— MathematicsCHAPTERS INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY ANSWERS 1. Two 2. Theorem 3. OnlyOne 4. Axiom 5. Equal 6. Infinite 9. Second axiom 15. SecondAxiom 20. (a) false (b) false (c) tue 25. (a) Donation amountis same in April (b) Euclid’s axiom 26. (a) Euclid's axiom 57 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST Introduction To Euclid's Geometry Choose the correct opti 1. Through two points (a) Aunique line can be drawn (b) No line can be drawn (c) More than one line can be drawn 2, Through a fixed point : (a) Aunique line can be drawn (b) No line can be drawn (c) More than one line can be drawn 3, Number of line segments required to form a closed figure (a) 2 (b) 3 (©) 4 4, Twolines having a common point is called : (a) Parallel lines (b) intersecting lines (c) Coincident lines 5. Euclid arranged all known work in the field of mathematics in his treatise called : (2) Elements (b) Axioms (c) Postulets 6. The thing which are double the same thing are (a) Halves of the same thing (b) Double of the same thing (0) Equals 7. Axioms are assumed : (a) Universal ruth specific of geometry (b) Universal truths in all branches of mathematics (©) Definitions 8. A mathematics statement whose truth has been logically established is called (a) An Axiom (b) APostualtes () A Theorem 58 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-6 LINES AND ANGLES KEY POINTS Line is a collection of points which has only length neither breadth nor thickness. Line Segment : Apart of portion ofa line with two end points. Ray : Apart ofaline with one end point. Collinear points : Three or more points lying on the same line, Angle : An angle is formed when two rays originate from the same end point. The rays making an angle are called the arms and the end point isthe vertex Acute angle : An angle measure between 0” and 90° ight angle : Angle exactly equal to 90° Obtuse angle : An angle greater than 90° but less than 180° Straight angle : An angle exactly equal to 180” Reflex Angle : An angle greater than 180° but less than 360° Complimentary Angles : Apair of angles whose sumis 90” Supplementary angle : Apair of angles whose sum is 180° Complete Angle: An angle whose measure is 360° Adjacent angles : Two angles are adjacentif (i) Theyhave a common vertex. (ii), acommonarm (iii), Theirnon common arms are on opposite sides of common arm. Linear pair of angle : A pair of adjacent angles whose sum is 180 B y x Ao ¢ ZAOB & ZCOB are forming linear pair. 59 1X— MathematicsVertically opposite angles : Angles formed by two intersecting lines on opposite side of the point of intersection m 1 Intersecting line : Two lines are said to be intersecting when the perpendicular distance between the two lines is not same every where. They meetat one point. Non intersecting lines : Two lines are said to be non-intersecting lines when the perpendicular distance between them is same every where. They do not meet. Ifthese lines are in the same plane these are known as Parallel lines. Transversal lin Inthe given figure ||| mand tis transversal then A= ‘ @ 2 = 4) iericatly opposite angle “ux Zt ly opp ig L6= 28) Z1= 28) ») <2 ~ 8 \corresponding angle 0) 3 47 ponding ang] A= 28 23= 4 g | Alternate Interior angle © wea 23 + 26 = 180°| Angles onthe same sides ofa (@) 4 4 25 = 180°! transversal are supplementary. 23, 26 and 24, 25 are called co-interior angles or allied angles or consecutive interior angles. Sum ofall interior angles of a triangle is 180° Two lines which are parallel to the third line are also parallel to each other. 60 1X— MathematicsPart—A. 1. Fromthe figure find xand y m ¢ 80" y 2. Ianangleis equal its complement find the angle. 3. _ Inthe adjoining figure ift|| mand tis transversal, find the value of x t eo" Da m 4. In the figure POQ is a straight line. The three adjacent angles are consecutive numbers, What are the measure of these angles? c x xtKXxet P ° Q 5. Twice ofxis 30° less than y, find x & y from figure. ‘ A 6. _ Inthe adjoining figure if AB||CD whatis the value of p? 61 1X— Mathematics10. " 12 Inthe adjoining figure find tha value of a +bif ZDBE = 90° 5 D Ee a b A B c Inthe figure ||| mfind 2y ES ' 60t> m Ifp:q=11:19,AB || CEwhatare the values of p,q &r. B, A Sf] r > 5 E Whatis xin the figure? 100° bx (One of the angle of a pair of supplementary angles is 2° more than its supplement, find the angles. Inthe figure CDs the angle bisector of ZECB, ZB= ZACE. Prove that ZADC = ZACD g 62 1X— Mathematics13, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18, 19 20. From the figure, tell which pair of lines are parallel and why? Explain the reason Infigure, if ZAED= ZBDC + ZBAE. then show that: AB || CD. Infigure, AB || CD and EC || AD, find x- PART-B Inthe adjoining figure PQ || RS find xand y. By contributing money, 5 friends bought pizza. They want to divide it ‘equally among themselves. But one of them was given double piece, ‘as he was very hungry. Find the angle of the piece of pizza each one received, BO and CO are external bisector of 2B and ZC of a AABC Intersecting at, If ZA= 60° ZABC = 70°, find ZBOC. In the above question 18, ifintemal bisector of 2B and ZC intersect at P, prove that ZPBO = 90" and /BOC + BPC = 180° Inthe given figure if] || m and 'tis the transversal ind x. 63 1X— Mathematics21. An exterior angle of a triangle is 103° and two of its interior opposite angles are equal, find the angles. 22. Prove thatvertically opposite angles are equal 23. Inthe figure AB || CD and EF || BD if ZCDB = 100", find ZAEF At c E F 100%, B D 24, Inthe given figure! || mind the value of x 25. Theangles ofatriangle are (x— 40°), (x-20"), 5-10") Find the value of x and then find the angles of the triangle. 64 1X— Mathematics26. Inthe given figure if AB || DC and 2BDC = 30° ZBAD = 80° find Zx, Zy, Z. Part-¢ 27. Ifone ofthe angle of two intersecting lines is right angle then prove that, other three angles willalso be right angles. 28. ABandCDareintersecting lines. ODis bisector of “BOY. Find x. 29. Ifp|iqllr.findx, y,zfrom given figure. 30. Inthe given figure find ZDCBifAE || CD. D E SODA 20° 65 1X— Mathematics31 32, 33. 36. 36. Inthe given figure! || m find x A 1 xD 115° A B cm Inthe given figure! || m and nis the transversal, find x. n 3y ay +25 yt 25 x5 Forwhat value ofx,1||m 50° x-20% 120° m From the figure find reflex angle ZBOD if AB || CD. Ly B 35" © 40% c D If the angles of a triangle are in the ratio 5 : 3: 7 then show that the triangle is acute angled triangle. Two lines are respectively perpendicular to two parallel lines show that they are parallel to each other. 66 1X— Mathematics37. 38. 39, 40. a“ 42. 43. 465. ‘As shownin the figure find x & yif ZACB = 100°, ZADE = 120° A i 420° 8 c DE In the given figure 2DOB = 85°, /COA= 85°, “BOA = 40°, find ZCOB and 200c. Cc D B hoe E ° A Prove that the bisectors of the angles of a linear pair are at right angle. If two complementary angles are such that two times the measure of one is equal to three times the measure of the other. Find the measure oflargerangle. Prove that the sum of all exterior angles of a triangle is 360° Ifthe bisectors of 2Q and ZR ofa triangle APQR meet at point S, then prove that ZQSR = 90° + 42 In figure, O is the mother dairy booth which supplies t milk to four centers A, B, C and D. Ifratio ofthe angles between BandC,CandDand — y«~ < DandAis2: 1:3 then find the angles. Show that if sum of the two angles of a triangle is equal to the third angle then the triangle is right angled triangle. Part-D Ifa transversal intersects two parallel lines prove that internal bisectors ofthe angle on the same side of a transversal meet atrightangles. 67 1X— Mathematics46._ Inthe given figure PQ, RS are two mirrors placed parallel to each other. An incident ray AB strikes the mirror PQ at B; the reflected ray moves along the path BC again strikes the mirror RS at C and reflects back along CD. P 8 a Prove that AB || CD. R c s 47. Inthe figure AE is the bisector of ZA, AD | BC . Show that 2(ZADE-ZEAC)=28+20 B DOE c 48. Prove that quadrilateral formed by the intersection of bisectors of interior angles made by a transversal on two parallel lines is a rectangle. 49. Inthe given figuree|| mwhereeandm are the bisectors of corresponding angles ZATQand 2 TUS, Respectively Prove that PQ || RS. 50. POQisa straight line RO | PQ, SOisaray from O then prove that ZROS = (aos — ZPOS) S P ° a 51, A route for going from place A to place C is shown in the adjoining figure. To avoid trafic on the highway AM, a road is cut through S via T 68 1IX— Mathematicsto reach C, by authorities. If MST = 125°, ZCUT = 50°, what will be the measure of angle ZSTU. A's M cu D 52. In a Co-Educational School a teacher conduct a mathematical quiz to solve a question on black board. She needs two students and prize will be given to the students who solve the question first, For this purpose she chooses a boy and a girl. The problem is given in the figure. IAB || CD find “i cD findx B 120° og 100° Nx D 53. In APQR, sides PQ and PR are extended to S and T respectively 0Q and OR are bisector of ZROS sf \r and /QRT meeting at O. Show that x \ 22QO0R= ZPQR+ ZQRP 69 1X— Mathematics10, 15, 17, 20. 24. 26. 29. 31 40. 51 ANSWERS x= 100°, y=80" 2 45° 3. 59°, 60°,61° 5. 50°, 130° 6. atb=90° 8. 36° 9. 140° 11. 86°,94° 12. 95° 16. x=55",y=40° 4 friends = 60°, 1 friend = 60° x 2= 120° 18. 128° ar sigasize 23, 42" 25. x= 100°, 60°, 80°, 40° x CHAPTER-6 LINES & ANGLES 0", y= 70", z= 110° x = 55°, y= 125°, z= 35° 6s" 285° 5a? 105" 32, 37. 43. 52. 28. 30. 60" 33. 80°, 40° 38. 90°,45°,135 47. 40° 120° 93° 33°, 87°, 65° Um 60 80" x=18" 30° 270° 45°, 40° 175 70 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST LINES AND ANGLES Time : 50 Min. M.M. 20 1. If ZABC = 142°, find reflex ZABC. (1) 2. Two angles form a linear pair. If one of the angle is acute, what is the type of other angle? (1) i. (2) 3. Find x in the given figure ~ 4, If two parallel lines intersected by a transversal, then name the pair of angles formed that are equal (2) 5. Ina AABC, ZA+ ZB = 125° and 2B + ZC = 150°. Find all the angle of AABC 3) 6, land mare the intersecting lines in the +72, given figure. Find x, y and z. wo (3) Se 7. Iftwo parallel ines are intersected by a transversal, then prove that the bisectors of the interior angles on both sides of transversal form a rectangle. (4) 8. ABCisatriangle in which DE || BC. Find ZA. (4) 71 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER7 TRIANGLES KEY POINTS Two figures having the same shape and size are called congruent figures. ‘Two plane figures are congruent, if each one when superimposed on the other, covers the other exactly. ‘Two line segments are congruent, ifthey are of equal lengths. Two angles of equal measures are congruent. ‘Two circles of the same radii are congruent ‘Two squares of the same sides are congruent. Two rectangles are congruent, if they have the same length and breadth, If two triangles ABC and DEF are congruent under the correspondence A <> D, B <> E and C <-> F, then symbolically, it is expressedas AABC = ADEF. There are four congruent conditions for triangles. (a) Side-Angle-Side (SAS) congruent rule : Two triangles are congruent, iftwo sides and the included angle of the one triangle respectively equal to the two sides and the included angle of the othertriangle. (b) Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) congruence rule : Two triangles are congruent, iftwo angles and the included side of the one triangle are respectively equal to the two angles and the included side of the othertriangle. (0) Side-Side-Side (SSS) congruence rule : Two triangles are congruent, if the three sides of one triangle are respectively equal tothe three sides of the other triangle. (4) Right angle-Hypotenuse-Side (RHS) congruence rule : Two right triangles are congruent, if the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one 72 1X— Mathematicsside of the other triangle. + Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal. + Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal + In triangle, angle opposite to the longer side is larger (greater) + Ina triangle, side opposite to the larger (greater) angle is longer. + Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side. Part—A. Which of the following is not a congruence criterion for triangles? (a) sss (b) RHS (0) AAA (d) SAS IfAB = CD then (a) ABCD If AABC = ADEF then (i) (ii) wv) AB (i) BC= cA (wy ZE= ZEDF = (vi) ZBCA= Circle O, = Circle O,, If radius of circle O, = 6 cm then diameter of circle 0, is. Inthe given figure, ifa =cthen ZAOC= 1X— Mathematics6. If APQR=ADEF thenQ<—> 7. Whichis the longest side of the triangles given in the figure? A dS ‘85° phe A, 8. Whichis the largest angle in the APQR? P ‘7 \ om. R Q 5.5m 9. Which two triangles are congruent in the given figure. Write them in symbolicform, u P } . | M iQ 10. Twosquares are congruentifthey have Part-B 11, Match the columns Column A Column B 2 () 80 Zam Bey em (a) SAS congruence Rou M Bom Bom 74 1X— Mathematicse i) (b) SSS congruence aL — ete A i) N fom ae 2 il sof Oe taf SO (6) ASA congruence a c F x A wa (om eran ee ee A 12, Match the columns (i (i y Column A Column B x=? (a)2cm Kx = Sma 75 1X— Mathematics13, 14, 15, 16. 17. 18 19 In the given figure. If AB = CD, AD = BC then prove that AADC = ACBA c A If ABC is an isosceles triangle such that AB = AC, then prove that altitude AD from Aon BC bisects it Which criteria of congruence of triangles is satisfied in the given figure. PR 30m 30m LD Cc aD R 5 4.7.0m 476m Ina APQR, ZP= 110°, PQ=PR. Find ZQand ZR. Inthe given figure AB =AC and ZACD = 125°. Find ZA a 125° B c In ABC, if A= 55°, 2B = 75° then find out the smallest and longest side of he triangle. Inthe given figure, AC bisects “Aand /C. IFAD = 5 om find AB. B Son 76 1X— Mathematics20. 2 22. 23. 24, 26. 26. The vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is 80°. Find out the measure ofbase angles Part—¢ In the given figure, Q is a point on the side SR of APSR such that PR=PR. Prove thal PS>PQ. Pp s Q R ABCs a triangle and D is the mid-point of BC. The perpendicular from. DtoAB and AC are equal. Prove that triangle is isosceles. Prove that angles opposite to the equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal Inthe given figure, AC>AB and AD bisects ZBAC. Prove that ZADC> ZADB. A B D c Sis any pointin the interior ofa APOR. Prove that SQ+SR 2b, show that ZATM < ZAMT. A 78 1X— Mathematics33. 36. 36. 37. 38. 39. Part —D AF, BD and CE altitudes of ABC are equal. Prove that ABC is an ‘equilateral triangle. Prove that two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the two angles and the included side of the other triangle. 1 Oisany pointin the interior ofa AABC. Prove that OA + OB + OC > > (AB +BC +CA). Prove that the perimeter of a triangle is greater than the sum of its three altitudes. ‘Two sides AB, BC and median AM of one ABC are respectively equal to sides PQ, QR and median PN of APQR. Show that: () ABM = APQN @ (i) ABC = APQR In the given figure, PQR is a triangle in which altitudes QS and RT to sides PR and PQ are equal. Show that () APQS = APRT R (i), PORisanisoscelestriangle _T, s Q Inthe given figure, AB =AD, 1 = 22 and 3= 24, Prove thatAP=AQ. D a A - B 79 1X— Mathematics40. Inthe given figure, ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled at C, Mis the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C is joined to M and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. Disjoined to B. Prove that cM tag D A 2 M BI c 41. Prove that the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side. 42, Vandana wishes to literate the poor children of the nearby slum area. She makes flash cards for them as shown in the given figure. As DLS 35om P 35am 0 Wi) i) (a) Which two flash cards are congruent? (b) Which criteria of congruency is satisfied here? (©) Write the third side of both the triangles which are equal by CPCT. 43. Prove that the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than twice the median drawnto the third side. F 44, In the given figure, AB = CD, CE = BF and ZACE=/ DBF Prove that (i) AABD =ADBF a 8 S D (i) AE=DF € 80 1X— Mathematics27. 42. 43. BC iv) (b) SAS Smallestside =AB Longest side =AC AB=5cm ey (a) (iand (ii) CHAPTER7 TRIANGLES ANSWERS 2 (il) 20. (°) EF ZBAC Z80D 2a ZQ=2R=38° 50°, 50° {b) AABC=AQRP (SAS Congruency) (0) BC=PR (a) BD 81 i) FD (vi) ZEFD 6 E 9. ALOM=AQoP i) (ii) ) 17. ZA=70" 26. ZBAC=90" 1X— MathematicsTime : 50 Min. 1 PRACTICE TEST Triangles M.M. 20 Find the measure of each exterior angle of an equilateral triangle. (1) Which of the following is not a criterion for congruence of triangles? (a) SSA (c) ASA 1) (b) SAS (d) sss Ina AABC, IfAB = AC and ZA= 70. Find ZB and ZC. (2) The vertical angle of an isosceles triangle is 100°. Find its base angle (2) In the given figure, ABC is a triangle in which AB =AC, side BAis produced to D such thatAB =AD. Prove that ZBCD=90°. (3) In the given figure, if AB =BC and ZA= ZC. Then find the value of x In the given figure, C is the midpoint of AB, if ZDCA =2 ECB.and ZDBC = ZEAC, Prove that DC = EC and BD =AE. In the given figure ABC is a right angled 9 triangle, right angled at C. M is the mid- 7 point of hypotenuse is joined to M and (4) produced to a point D such that DM = CM DisjoinedtoB. Show that CM = TAB, 82 1X— MathematicsCHAPTERS QUADRILATERALS KEY POINTS 1. Quadrilateral : - A closed figure bounded by four line segments. In a quadrilateral are i) Two pairs of opposite side (no common point) €.g.AB &CD, BC &AD Two pairs of opposite angles ZA& ZC and 2B & 2D, Four pairs of adjacent sides AB & BC, BC & CD, CD & AD and AD & AB (one common point) (iv) Four pairs ofadjacentangles /A& /B, /B& /C, /C& /D,/D& ZA (v) Line segment joining opposite vertices called diagonal of quadrilateral.e.g.,AC &BD. (vi) Sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°, ZA+ ZB + ZC + 2D = 360" 2. Parallelogram : Aquadrilateralis a parallelogram it. D, c a B + Opposite sides are equal or + Opposite angles are equal or + Diagonals bisects each other or + One pairof opposite sides is equal and paralle! 83 1X— MathematicsA diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles. examples of parallelogram: x] BI BC A B c Converse of mid point theorem. The line drawn through the mid point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side bisects the third side. Part—A. InathombusABCD, if ZA=60"find 28, ZC & 2D. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1:2:4:5, Find the measure of each angle. Ifinarhombus LMNP, ZLNM=40° then whatis the measure of LPM? Ina parallelogram ifall the four angles are in the ratio 1:1:1:1 then, what type of parallelogram is this? Inthe figure, AB II CD, whatwill be the measure of ZADC ? A B c In the figure, if D & E are respectively the mid points of AB & AC, what will be the length of £0? 84 1X— Mathematics" 12. 13, B c 10cm PQRSisarhombuswith ZQPS = 50°. Find 7ROS. = In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram find value of (x+y). A _| In the figure line £ Il m and p Iq, ZBCD = 108° find all four angles of quadrilateral ABCD. Iftwo adjacent angles of a parallelogram ABCD are in the ratio 5:4, find allthe angles of the parallelogram Part-B. Prove that the sum of all the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360: Show that opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal. Ina parallelogram ABCD 2B=110" determine the measure of ZA and 2. In the figure if PARS is a parallelogram, then find the value of x & y. s, R y bs Q The diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD interest at O. Aline through O intersects AB at X & DC at Y. Prove that OX=OY. 85 1X— Mathematics16 17. 18, 19, 20. 2 22. 23. 24. 2. Ina parallelogram ABCD diagonals AC and BD intersect at © and AC = 7.40m. and BD = 6.2m. Find the length of AO and BO. ‘Two opposite angles of a parallelogram are (5x-3) and (4x+12). Find the measure of each angle of the parallelogram, Diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD bisect each other if ZA=35° determine 28. The perimeter of a parallelogram is 30cm, If longer side is 9.5 om then find the length of shorter side. Ina parallelogram ABCD diagonals AC and BD intersects at and AC=12,6 cm and BD = 9.4 om. Find the measures of OC and OD. ABCD is a rhombus in which DO = 3x & AO=4x, find perimeter of quadrilateralABCD. ‘The angles of a quadrilateral are (x+20), (x20), (2x+5), (2x-5). Find the value of x, Part —¢ In the figure P is the mid point of side BC of a parallelogram ABCD such that ZBAP= ZDAP prove that AD =2CD. A D B P In the adjoining figure if PORS is a parallelogram where ZPQR = 100 and ZSPR=40. Find 2PRQ and ZSRQ P Q Prove that the line segment joining the mid poi triangle is parallel to the third side. s of two sides of a 86 1X— Mathematics26. Inthe given figure L, M, and N are mid pointofthe sides PQ, PRand QR respectively of APR, If PQ = 4.4cm, QR = 5.6 cm and PR = 4.8cm then find the perimeter of ALMN. 27. Aquadrilateralis a parallelogram if one pair of opposite sides are equal and parallel. Prove it. 28. Ifthe diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other then quadrilateral is aparallelograms, Prove it. 29, Inaparallelograms PORS, Mand Nare points on PQ and RS such that PM=RN. Prove that MS II NQ. 30. Ina parallelogram ABCD, AP and CQ are drawn perpendiculars from vertices Aand C on diagonal BD. Prove that APB = ACQD. 31. The diagonals of a rectangle ABCD meet at O. If “BOC = 60” then find ZODA. A B D 32. In the given figure AD and BE are the medians of AABC and BE || DF prove that CF =1/4AC. A 87 1X— MathematicsPart —D 33. In the figure LMNO, is a trapezium in which LM is parallel to side ON and Pis the mid point of side LO. If Qis a point on the side MN such that segment PQ is parallel to side ON Prove that Q is the mid point of MN and PQ=1/2(LM+ON). i 34, Inthe figure, AABC is right angled at B. If AB=9 cm AC = 15cm. and D and E are the mid points of AB & AC respectively calculate. (i) Thelength of BC (ii) The area of trapezium BCED A Pe B © 35. Afarmerhas divided his field into three parts as in the figure. Ist partis, used to take care of his cattles, While Il and Ill are used to grow two different crops. Answer the following — i) Howmuch area has been used to take care forcattles ? ji) Are the two areas part! and part IIl equal? Justify. iii) Whatis the total area ofthe field? lom_D “ xF- 120m 88 1X— Mathematics36. 37. ABCD is a parallelogram. Side AB is produced on both sides to E & F a in figure such that BE = BC & AF = AD. Show that EC & FD when produced meets at right angle. ro 5 E P is mid point of side CD of a parallelogram ABCD. Aline through C parallel to PAintersects AB at Q & DA produed at R. Prove that DA= AR &CQ=QR 89 1X— Mathematics10. 13, 14, 16, 17. 18 19, CHAPTER-8 QUADRILATERALS ANSWERS 120°, 60°, 120° 20. 6.3cm,4.7cm 30°, 60°, 120°, 150" 24. 20x units 100° 22, x=60° Rectangle 24, 40°, 80° 15 26. 740m Sem 27. 68° 6s 34, 12cm, 40.5 cm 200° 35. (j)300m’, (ii) Yes, (iii) 7500 m* 108°, 72', 108°, 72° 100°, 80°, 100°, 80° 70°, 110° xey=4 3.7.om, 3.1m 72°, 108°, 72, 108° 145° 550m 90 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST Time : 50 Min. Quadrilaterals MM. 20 1, _ Ifthe diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD bisect each other & ZA= 45°, whatism 4B? (1) 2, Theangles ofa Quadrilateral ABCD are in the ratio 2:3:5:8. Find the measure of smallest angle. (1) 3, Ina APQR, median PS is produced to a point T such that PS = ST. Prove that PQTR is a parallelogram. 2) 4, In the Fig, PQRS is a rhombus in which the diagonal PR is produced to T. If ZSRT= 152°, findx & y. 2) 1 5. ABCDisa square. Aline BM intersects CD at Mand the diagonal ACatOsuch that ZAOB=70°, finda (3) A 8 01/ 2/ d > 6. ADis median of ABC & Eis the mid point of AD. BE is produced tomeetAC inF. Prove thatAF = 1/3AC (3) 7. Show that the bisectors of angles of a parallelogram forms a rectangle. (4) 8. Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid point of the sides of a square is also a square. (4) 91 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-9 AREAS OF PARALLELOGRAMS & TRIANGLES KEY POINTS Parallelograms on the same base and between same parallels are equalin area. ‘Two parallelograms ABCD and EFCD on the same base DC and between same parallels AF and DC ar(ABCD)=ar (EFCD) AE By D c ‘Two triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equalin area. Two triangles ABC and PBC on the same base BC and between same Parallellines BC andAP in the given figure then ar (ABC) = ar (APBC) A Pp B c ‘Two triangles having the same base and equal areas lies between the same parallels. Part-A If area of Parallelogram ABCD is 80 cm’. Find the area of AAPD. A B Pp D c 92 1X— MathematicsIf area of Parallelogram PQRS is 88 cm’ find K. s, R ian Q PQRS is a Parallelogram and PQM is a triangle. If area of PQM = 18cm’. Find the area of PRS. 8s M R In ABC, AD is median. Ifarea of ABD = 25cm’ find the area of AABC. A B ZN. D Inthe given figure area of ASRN = 21cm? RQ=6em find PQ 7X8 sr Inthe figure ABCD andABFE are Paralelograms then findar(ABCF). If ar(AABCE)= 18cm" > ‘ ar(AABCD)=25 em" “ a If two parallelogram are on equal base and between the same parallels, then whatis the ratio of their areas? A triangle and a Parallelograms are on the same base as well as between the same parallels then find the ratio of areas of triangle to that ofthe parallelogram 93 1X— Mathematics10. " 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 17, In AABC, D, E, F are respectively the mid points of the sides AB, BC and AC. Find ratio of the area of ADEF and area of ABC. Ifthe base of a parallelogram is 8 cm and its altitude is 5 cm then find its area, If two triangles are on the same base and between the same parallels. Then find the ratio of area of the two triangles. In given figure. If area of parallelogram ABCD is 30 om? then find ar (AADE) +r (ABCE) E UN . A B Part-B Show that the median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal areas P and Q are any two points lying on the side DC and AD respectively of, aparallelogram ABCD. Show that ar (APB) = ar (BQC). Ifthe ratio of altitude and area of the parallelogram is 2:11 then find the length of the base of parallelogram. In figure if PQRS is a parallelogram in which PQ=12cm, ST=9em, QM=6cm, STL PQ, QM. SP then find length of SP. s, s R A | rp Q In given fig. ABCD is a square whose diagonals are interesting at O. If OD=2cmthen find the length of AB. bx] D ic 94 1X— Mathematics Xx18, 19 20. 2 22. 23. ‘Show that the diagonals of a parallelogram divides it into four triangles of equal area Mis any point on the median AD of AABC. Show that ar (AMB) = ar (amc), A B > © If, E and F are respectively the mid points of sides BC, CA, and AB of AABC show that. i) BDEFisa parallelogram. ji) ar(DEF)=1/4 ar(AABC) Inthe given figure BC=CD = DE Mis the mid point of CD then find the area of AAMC. A cM BS ABCD isa parallelogram. Through pointA, aline AEF is drawn to meet BC at E, DC produced at F, Show that ar (ABEF) = ar (ADCE), In the given figure, the area of parallelogram ABCD is 40 om*. IfMNis a median of ACDN then find the area of ANDM. 95 1X— MathematicsPart-C 24, In the figure, P is the point in the interior of parallelogram ABCD then. show that (i) ar(APB)+ar (PCD) = 1/2ar (ABCD) (ii) ar(APD)+ar(PBC)=ar (APB) + ar(PCD) Dx] 28, ABCD is a trapezium in which the AB || DC. If diagonal AC and BD intersect at O. Prove that ar (AOD) = ar (BOC) 26. ABCDisa parallelogram whose diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. A line through O intersects AB at P and DC at Q. Prove that ar (APOA) = ar(AQoc), 27. Diagonal PRand QS of quadrilateral PORS intersects atT such that PT=TRand PS =QR, show that ar(APTS)=ar (ART). 28. Inthe figure, ABC and ABD are two triangles on the same base AB. Ifline segment CD bisects AB at O show that ar (AABC) = ar (AABD). a 28. In given figure AD is median of AABC. Prove that ar (AABD (AACD). NS. D 96 1X— MathematicsPart-D 30. Prove that parallelogram on the same base and between same parallels are equal in area. 31. Prove that the two triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area. 32, Ifa triangle and parallelogram are on the same base and between the same parallels then prove that the area of triangle is equal to the half the area of parallelogram using this find ar (CMD). A M B D tom c 33. XY isa line parallel to side BC of a triangle ABC. If BE |AC and CF II ‘AB meet XY at E and F respectively show that ar (ABE) = ar (ACF) 34. If E, F, G and H are respectively the mid points of the sides of a parallelograms ABCD. Show that ar (EFGH) = 1/2ar (ABCD) 35. Thereisaplotina village in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD. Head of the village wants to get floor cemented so as to use it for panchayat meetings Laterhe decided to construct playground of shape AABP for children. If AC || DP then (a) Prove than ar (ABCD) =ar(ABP) (b) area (q ABCD) = 2x A D B c P 36. Afarmerhas a square plot of land where he wants to grow five different crops at a time. On half of the area in the middle he want to grow different crops, 97 1X— Mathematicsa) Explain by diagram how he can divide the area to fulfil his purpose. b) Forsame base and between the same parallels write the relation between area of triangle and parallelogram formed. 37. Inthe adjoining figure, the point D divides the side BC of AABC in the ratiom:n, Prove that ar (ABD): ar (AADC) =m:n. B DC c 38. ABCDisa parallelogram. E is a point on BAsuch that BE= 2EAand Fis, apointon DC such that DF = 2 FC. Prove that AECF is a parallelogram whose areais one third of the area of parallelogram ABCD. A ¥ B D LF c 39, In the adjoining figure, two parallelogram ABCD and AEFB are drawn on opposite sides of AB. Prove that ar(DABCD) + ar( AEFB) =ar(a EFCD) D c 98 1X— Mathematics40. Inthe given figure BC || XY, BX || CAand AB || YC. Prove that ar (AABX) =ar(AACY) B c A 41, Inthe given figure, ar (ORC) = ar (DPC) and ar (BDP) = ar (ARC). Show that both the quadrilateral ABCD and DCPR are trapeziums. 4 B 99 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-9 AREAS OF PARALLELOGRAMS TRIANGLES 10. "1 12, 15. 16. 17, 2 23. 32. 36. 36. ANSWERS 40cm" Atom 360m? 50cm" Tom Tom* 14 4:2 4:4 40cm? 14 15cm? 4 units 480m Bom + AABC 100m? 16cm? area (CIADPC)=2 ar(AACD) area of triangl 4 3 ateaof parallelogram, 100 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST AREAS OF PARALLELOGRAMS & TRIANGLES Time :50 Min. MM. 20 1, If area of parallelogram ABCD is 96 cm’, find K. c 2. If area of parallelogram ABCD is 60 om’ Find area of APD. 3, Show that the median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area. 4, _ In figure if PQRS is a parallelogram in which PQ = 12 cm, ST = 9 om QM = 6 cm, ST 1 PQ, QML SP then find length of SP 5. The base BC of AABC is divided at D. 4 ‘Such that BD => DC. Prove that 1 ar (ABD) =3 ar (AABC) 6. ABCD is a parallelogram and O is a point in the interior, Prove that ar (AAOB) + ar (ACOD) = ar (AAOD) + ar (ABOC) 7. In the adjoining figure, PQ is a line parallel to the side BC to AABC. if BX || CA and Cy || BA meet the line PQ produced in X and Y respectively. Show that ar (AABX) = ar (AACY) 8. Prove that parallelogram on the same base and between same parallels are equal in area. ¥ y 101 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-10 CIRCLES KEY POINTS + The collection of those points in a plane which are at a fixed distance from a given fixed point is called a circle, That fixed point is called centre of the circle and that fixed distances called radius. Circle and related Terms! Circle, Exterior + There is one and only one circle passing through three non-collinear points. Chord P OF adius > Mino? Segment + Equal chords ofa circle subtends equal angles atcentre. + Ifangles subtended by chords at centre are equal then chords are equal + The perpendicular from centre toa chord ofa circle, bisects the chord. 102 1X— MathematicsThe line joining the centre of a circle to the mid point of a chord is perpendicularto the chord. &) Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from centre. Chords equidistant from centre are equalin length Q Iftwo chords ofa circle are equal then corresponding arcs are equal. fares of a circle are equal then corresponding chord are also equal. Congruent arcs (or equal arcs) of a circle subtends equal angle at centre. = The wi ‘ZAQB=ZCOD ice the angle which the circle. > A angle subtend by an arc at the centre of circle is is subtend at remaining part of ‘ZAOB =2ZAPB| ~ 103 1X— MathematicsAny two angles in the same segment of the circle are equal = LZAPB= ZAQB y Q Angle of semicircle is rightangle. A B 0° In a cyclic quadrilateral the sum of opposite angles is 180°. = [ZAPB) = [ZA¥ZC= 180° ® Pp = [ZB =r ¢ If sum of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180" then that quadrilateralis cyclic quadrilateral A 2 Part-A Ifthe sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180°, then quadrilateralis A round pizza is cut into 4 equal pieces. What does each piece represent? AD isa diameter of a circle and AB is a chord if AD = 34cm, AB=30 cm then find the distance of AB from the centre of chord. Given two concentric circles with centre O. Aline cut the circle atA, B, C and D respectively. If AB = 10cm, then find the length of CD, Find yin given figure 1X— Mathematics10. " 12, Findx Diameteris the Chord ofa circle. Circle having the same centre and different radii are called circles. In given figure OC is perpendicular segment drawn from centre O on chord AB. If OB= Sem, and OC = 3om then find length of AB, Ny B, 90-5 109 1IX— Mathematics36. 37. 38. 39, 40. Find the sum of the angles in the four segments exterior to a cyclic quadrilateral. Let the vertex of an angle ABC be located outside a circle and let the sides of the angle intersect equal chords AD and CE with the circle. Prove that ZABC is equal to half the difference of the angles subtended bythe chords AC and DE at the centre. ZABC + [ZDOE - ZA0C} In the given figure © is centre of the circle of radius 5 cm, OP 1 cD, AB||CD AB=6cmandCD=8om Determine PQ A B q D Inthe adjoining figure AC is diameter ofa circle with centre O and chord BD LAC, intersecting each other at E. Find out the values of p, q, rin terms of x, if ZAOD =x’, ZBAC =p", ZACD= 4. yin maths lab students were using circular geo board. The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is (2a+50’), Pallavi calculated ZBAC as (a+25’) A a) _ Isher finding correct ? Justify it. b) Find 2BACifa=30° ) ¢) Whatwillbe the value of 2BOC fora= 15° )_ Ifa=30" then find the measure of Reflex ZBOC. 110 1IX— Mathematicsa 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Show that if two chords of a circle bisect each other, they must be diameters of the circle. Prove that the quadrilateral formed by angle bisectors of a cyclic quadrilateralis also cyclic. Prove that there is one and only one circle can pass through three non- collinear points, Inthe given figure OPQR is a square. Acircle drawn with centre O cuts the square in X and Y. Prove that QX = QY. QX Prove that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary. In the given figure, AB is a diameter of a circle (0, r) and chord CD = radius oc. If AC and BD when produced meet at P. Prove that “APB is constant. ‘ WT ¥ Prove that the angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. 411 1IX— Mathematics48. In the given figure, AB is a chord of a circle with centre © and AB is produced to C such that BC = OB. Also, CO is joined and produced to meet the circle in D, If ZACD =y’ and ZAOD =x’, Prove thatx=3y. (So D Cc 49. Two circles whose centres are O and O' intersect at P. Through P, aline I parallel to OO’, intersecting the circle at C and D is drawn. Prove that cD=200'. 50. AB and CD are two parallel chords of a circle which are on opposite sides of the centre O such that AB = 10cm, CD = 24cm and the distance between AB and CD is 17 cm. Find the radius of the circle. se” 112 1IX— MathematicsCyclic quadrilateral Sector Bom 100m y=40" x=35" 40° x longest concentric Bom 15° 90" 60" 30°, 150° 70° 212° 50" Tom 75° 140m 10° 78° a=105',b=13°,c=62" CHAPTER-10 CIRCLES ANSWERS 32. x= 100",y= 130° 36. 38. 39. 40. 50. 540° tom 113 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST Time : 50 Min Circles MM. 20 1, Find the value ofxin the given figure / { 2. In the given figure : ZDAB = 60° and ZABD = 50°. then ZACB=? 3. _ Ingiven figure O is the centre of circle. If ZAOC = 130° then find ZABC. 4, Prove that equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre, © 2) 5. Prove that the sum of either pair of the opposite angle s of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180° 6. Inthe given figure, Ois the centre of a circle prove that Lx+ Ly Zz 7. Inthe given figure, AB is a chord of a circle s<— with centre O and ABis produced toC. Such Te (4) that BC = OB Also, CO is joined and 3} produced to meet the circle in D Yo) If ZACD = y’ and ZAOD =x°. Prove thatx = 3y. 8. Prove that the angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining partof he circle. (4) 114 1X— MathematicsRena CHAPTER-11 CONSTRUCTIONS KEY POINTS Following types of constructions using a ruler and compass are important, 1. Construction of angle of 60°, 120°, 30°, 90°, ete. 2. Bisectinga given angle i.e. to draw angle bisector. 3. Construction of the perpendicular bisector of a given line segment. 4. Construction of the perpendiculars to a given line from a point on the line or out side the line. 5. Construction of the parallel lines to a given line. 6. Construction of a triangle given its base, a base angle and the sum of the other two sides. 7. Construction of a triangle given its base, a base angle, and the difference of the other two sides. 8 Construction of a triangle given its perimeter and its two base angles. Questions Drawa line segment of 7.2m and bisectit. Also measure each part Draw perpendicular bisector of AB = 6.4 cm. Draw line segment PQ=8 cm. Drawa perpendicular at, Drawa line AB = 7.9 cm and draw perpendiculars atAand B, Are these two perpendiculars parallel to each other? Draw an angle ZABC = 32° using protractor. Construct another angle equalto ZABC using compass. Construct the angles of the following measurements using compass. 80°, 22-59.15%, 75%, 108%, 135° Construct a rhombus whose side is 3.4 cm and one of its angle is 45°, 15 1IX— Mathematics10. "1 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 22. 23. 24. Construct AXYZ in which XY = 4.5 em, YZ = 5.0 cm. and ZX = 6.0 em. Also draw angle bisector of largest angle. Construct an equilateral triangle of side 6 cm. and label its vertices as P, Qand R. From point Q draw a median QT. Draw line segment AB = 13.2.cm. Find-LAB using rulerand compass. ‘Write steps of construction. Constructa right triangle ABC, 2B = 90° AB +AC = 10 cm., BC =6 cm. Construct APQR in which QR =7 om. 4Q=75° and PQ + PR= 130m. Constructa APQR in which QR =6 cm. 7Q=30° and PQ-PR=3.om. Constructa AXYZ in which YZ=4.1 cm. ZY=48?, and XY + XZ=6.7 cm Construct APQR in which QR =5 om. 2R=45° and PR-PQ= 1.6m Construct a AXYZ in which ZY = 30°, 2Z = 90" and XY + YZ + ZX = ‘tom. Construct a triangle ABC in which 28 = 45°, 2C=60" and the perpendicular from the vertex Ato the base BC is 4.5 cm Construct a triangle with perimeter 12 cm and ratio of their angles are 3:4:5 Government wish to make an old age home of right triangular shape. If one side is 13m and sum of hypotenuse and other side is 15mthen Construct the triangle taking measurementin om. Eco club of a school created a triangular park AABC to maintain greenery of the school. IfBC = 7m, 2B=75',AB +AC = 13mthen Construct AABC taking measurement in cm. Draw a line 2 and take a point P which is not one. From point P draw mile Constructa triangle DEF in which DE =5 om 2D = 120° and EF—DF=3.6cm. Construct an equilateral triangle, the sum of ts two sides is 8 om. Construct a right angled triangle with base 5.4 cm and difference of hypotenuse and perpendicularis 1.9m 116 1IX— Mathematics26. 26. 27. Constructa triangle PR with PQ= 5m. ZP = 105° and Construct a triangle whose perimeter is 11.9 cm and base angles are 80° and 60° Construct an isosceles triangle XYZ with YZ = ZX = 8 cm. and median YT=4em, 47 1IX— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST Time : 50 Min. Constructions M.M. 20 1. Drawanangle of 60° ) 2. What is the length of bisected part of aline segment7.8 (1) om? 3. Draw any angle and bisect it. (2) 4. Draw line segment AB = 8.4 cm and draw perpendicular at (2) its mid-point 5. DrawPQ= 10 om. Divide it into four equal parts usingruler (3) and compass. Write measuement of each part. 6 Construct AXYZ in which base XY = 6 cm and length of (3) median from Zis 3.7 cm. 7. Constructa righttriangle when one side is 3.5cmandsum (4) of other side and hypotenuse is 5.5m. 8. Construct a triangle PQR where perimeter is 10 cm and (4) each base angleis 45°, 118 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-12 HERON'S FORMULA KEY POINTS Rectangle :iflength and breadth of a rectangle is '' and 'b’ respectively then D c (i) Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (I+ b) units (i) Areaofrectangle=Ixb sq. units > (ili) Diagonal of rectangle=\T+B* units 7 B ‘Square :f'a'is the length of side of a square s (i) Perimeter of square = 4a units a c (i) Areaofsquare =(side)'=(a)'sq. units 3 a (ii) Area otsquare =F x (diagonaly’ Triangle a a 8 (A) Equilateral Triangle : In this triangle all three sides are equal. Ifthe length of each sideis'a'then Pp (i) Perimeter=3a units ) (i) Area= (B)_ RightAngled Triangle :Ifone of the angles ofa triangle is 90°. R () Hypotenuse k= \B#F'units (ii) Perimeter=b+h+kunits 1 (ii) Area => xbxhsq. units al R Area of triangle (General Formula) } xbase x Corresponding Altitude 1 Z xbxh'sq, units oD c x? where side is x. Perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 32 cm. The ratio of equal side to its baseis 3: 2. Find area of this triangle Part—¢ The area of a quadrilateral is 360m* and the perpendiculars drawn to one of the diagonal from the opposite vertices are 10m and &m. Find the length of the diagonal, Ifinatriangle with sides, b &¢, (s-a)=5cm, (sb) =10 omand (s—c) 11cm, Find area of the triangle. The cost of levelling a park is 2,700 for each 2 km’. Ifthe park is in right angled triangular form with one side being 45 km. Find he hypotenuse Find the area of shaded region in the figure. How many triangular flower beds of 6m* canbe made from this area. lUse 105 = 10.25] Find the area of rhombus whose perimeter is 100 m and one of whose diagonal is 30m. The sides of a triangle shaped sheet are 5 cm, 12. cm and 13 cm. Find the cost of painting on the sheet atthe rate of % 30 per cm’. (One side of aright angled triangle is 20 cm and the difference in lengths ofits hypotenuse & other side is 8 cm. Find the other sides and area of the triangle. 122 1IX— Mathematics28. Find the ratio between the area of triangle AABC and ADEF. A ° NA J , J @ g 3 & % 8 10cm c E 30cm. F 29. Ifperimeter ofa triangle is x om andits sides are p, q and rem. What will be the area of triangle? Use the Heron's formula Part-D 30. ATriangular park ABC has sides 120 m, 80m and 50 m. Agardner has to puta fence alll around it and also plant some trees inside the garden togetclean air. (i) Find the cost of fencing it at the rate of Rs. 50 per meter. Leaving space 5 om wide forthe gate on one side (ii) Find its area where gardner may plantthe tree. 31. Apiece oflandis in the shape as given in the figure, has been cut along diagonal AC. The two pieces of land has been distributed between Ram and Sohan. Who will get larger piece of land in terms of area? (Use V10=3.15] A 28m D 12m 15m Ram 36m © 32. A triangular hoarding of dimensions 11m, 6m and 15m is used for commercial activities. The hoarding yield an eaming of d 5000 perm” permonth. Calculate the total earning by the hoarding in a month. (Use \2= 1.41] 33. If each side of a triangle is doubled, find the ratio of the areas of two triangles, the given triangle & the triangle obtained on doubling the sides. Also find the percentage increase in the area of new triangle. 123 1IX— Mathematics10. 13, 15. 18 2 24. 27. 29. 30. 31 33. CHAPTER-12 HERON'S FORMULA ANSWERS 20cm? 2. 48cm? 3. 130m 12cm 5. onetime 6 10cm gem 8 tt 9. 5¥2em 40cm’ 11. 57 me 12. 11m, 6em15cm 60cm, 106m, 1406m 14, 21150 45om* 16. 164m? 17. 24em* 84cm’, 12cm 20. 32N2cm* 40m 22, 20V2m* 23, 75km. 1074 m’, 179 25. 600m 26. £900 296m,21 cm 28. 1:9 ) (i) %12250 (i) 37515 m* Ram210™m* 32, R141000 () 44 (ii) 300% 124 1X— MathematicsPRACTICE TEST HERON'S FORMULA Time :50 Min. MM. 20 1. Find the length to sides of an equilateral triangles having area aVBcm’. 1 2. If (6—a)=5.cm,(s—b) = 10. cm,(S—C)=10m. Find S. 1 3. Find the area of isosceles triangle whose equal sides are of length 15 cm each & the third side is 12 om. 2 4. If each side of triangle is doubled, then find the ratio of area of newtriangle thus formed & the given triangle. 2 5. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 25 :17 :12 and its perimeter is 540 om. Find the area of the triangle. 3 6. Thearea of trapezium is 475 om’ & height is 19 cm. Find length of its parallel sidesif one sideis 4cmgreaterthantheothe. 3 7. The length of sides of a triangle are 7 om, 12m & 13 om. Find the length of perpendicular from opposite vertex to the side whose lengthis 12cm. 4 8. The cost of fencing a field @ & 5 per metre is € 1920. If semi perimeter is 48 cm find its area & alll sides. 4 125 1X— MathematicsCHAPTER-13 SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES KEY POINTS TNe Name Figure Taal Toul Vorame surface ‘Arca 1. Gabotd abbr) Toh Tteath oebreadth a) beheigh 2 Cube 6 ¢ a oe 2 side 3. Right eh arenes) ah neigh Cireutar raius Cylinder ofbase 4. Right al sits) Fevhbeheighe Cone ofbase 5. Sphere a ane det reraias 6 Hemisphere 7, nt 2? r= radius ie OE 7. Hemisphere ax? radius hollow 126 1X— MathematicsQl Q2 Q3 Q4 Qs Q6 QT Qs Qs Qo Qu Qi Q13 Qi4 Qs PART-A The lateral surface area of a cube is 256 em. Find its volume, A matchbox measures 4em x 2.5 em x 1.5 cm, What will be the volume ofa packet containing 12 such boxes? The ratio of height of two cylinders is 5:3 , as well as the ratio of their radii is 2:3. Find theratio of the volumes of the eylinde Find the area of canvas required for a conical tent of height 24m and base radius 7m. Find the ratio of total surface area of a sphere and a hemisphere of same radius. The surface area of the cuboid is 1372 sq. em. Ifits dimensions are in the ratio of 4:2:1, Then find its length Ifthe radius and slant height ofa cone are r/2 and 21. Then find its total surface area. Acone and a hemisphere have equal base and equal volumes. Find the ratio of theirheights. The radius of a spherical balloon increase from 6cm to 12 mas air is being pumped into it. Find the ratio of the surface areas of the balloon intwo cases. The largest possible right circular cone is cut out of a cube of edge r em. Whats the volume of cone? PART-B A rectangular sheet of dimensions 33 em 18 cm is rolled along its breadth to forma cylinder. Find the radius of the cylinder. A roller 1.5m long has a diameter of 70 em, How many revolutions will it make to level a play ground measuring 50m x 33m? ‘The dimensions of a cuboid are in the ratio of 1:2:3 and its total surface area is 88m’, Find its dimensions, A solid cylinder has a total surface area of 231 cm’, The curved surface area is 2/3 of the total surface area. Find the volume of cylinder. The total surface area of a cube is 150sq. cm. Find the perimeter of any one ofits faces. 127 1X— MathematicsQI6 Three metal cubes whose edge measures 3cm, dem and Sem Ql7 Qs Qs Q.20 Q21 Q22 Qs Q.26 Q27 respectively are melted to form a single cube. Find the edge of the cube. The length, breadth and height of room are Sm, 4m and 3m respectively. Find the cost of white washing the walls of the room and the ceiling at the rate of $. 7.50 perm’, Three spheres of radii 3em, 4em and Sem are melted together to form asingle sphere. Find the radius of new sphere. The curved surface area ofa cylinder is 176 em’ and its base area is, 38,Sem*. Find the volume of the cylinder. ‘Acylinder and a cone have the same height and the same radius. The volume ofthe cylinder is 24cm’, What will be the volume of the cone? What is the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed completely in hollow hemisphere of radius 7 cm? Find the maximum length of the rod that can be placed in a cuboid of dimesions 22.5 em x 10cm x7.5em. PART-C ‘A cuboidal vessel is 10m long and &m wide. How high must it be made to hold 380m ofa liquid? ‘A wall of length 10m was to be built across an open ground. The height of the wall is 4m and thickness of the wall is 24cm. If this wall is to be built up with bricks whose dimensions are 24cm x 10em x Sem, how many bricks would be required? 1.1 em’ of gold is drawn into a wire of 0.1 mm in diameter. Find the length of the wire in metre A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36cm contain a liquid This liquid is to be filled in cylindrical bottles of radius 3em and height 6 em, How many bottles are required to empty the bowl? Find the lateral curved surface area of a cylindrical petrol storage tank that is 4.2m in diameter and 4.5m high. How much steel was actually used if 1/12 of steel actually used was wasted in making the closed tank? 128 1X— MathematicsQ28 Q29 Q30 Q3l Q35 Q39 Water in a canal, 30 dm wide and 12 dm deep is flowing with a speed of 20 km per hour. How much area will it irrigate in 30 min if9 cm of standing water is desired? (10dm=1m) The radius ofa sphere is 10cm. Ifthe radius is increased by 1 em. then prove that volume of the sphere is increased by 33.1%. The diameter of a hemisphere is decreased by 30%. What will be the percentage change in its total surface area? Asphere and a cube have the same surface area, Find the ratio of their volumes, The volume of a sphere is 4851 cm’, How much should its radius be 4312 3 A semicircular sheet of paper of diameter 14 em is bent to form an ‘open conical cup. Find the capacity of the cup. reduced so that its volume becomes cm’? Ife, tand vare curved surface area, total surface area and volume ofa cylinder then show that th’ =ch +4y" + 8y'th where randhare radius and height. PART-D A cuboidal tank can store 5040 litres of water. The external dimensions of the tank are 2.2m x 1.7m x 1.7m, Ifthe walls of the tank are em thick, then what is the thickness of the bottom of the tank? A metallic sheet is of the rectangular shape with dimensions 48cm x 36cm. From each one ofits comers, a square of Sem is cut off An open box ismade of the remaining sheet, Find the volume ofthe box. A right triangle having sides 6em, 8cm and 10cm is revolved about the side of length Sem. Find the volume of the solid so formed. Aight circular cone is 5.4 om high and radius of its base is 2em. It is ‘melted and recast into another right circular cone with radius of base as 1.5 em. Find the height of new cone formed. cylindrical tub of radius 12 em contains water to the depth of 20cm, A spherical ball is dropped into the tub raising the level of water by 6.15em. Whatis the radius ofball? 129 1X— Mathematics