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Chemistry Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas PPT 2

This document discusses key concepts for writing and naming chemical formulas and compounds, including: 1) It defines oxidation numbers and explains their importance in writing formulas for ionic compounds. 2) It provides guidelines for writing formulas for binary ionic compounds, including balancing charges, and guidelines for naming these compounds. 3) It discusses writing formulas and naming compounds containing transition metals and polyatomic ions. 4) It also covers binary covalent compounds, including using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms and guidelines for naming these compounds. 5) It defines hydrates and provides an example of how to write formulas and name hydrated compounds.

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G7B-Andrew Osama
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235 views

Chemistry Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas PPT 2

This document discusses key concepts for writing and naming chemical formulas and compounds, including: 1) It defines oxidation numbers and explains their importance in writing formulas for ionic compounds. 2) It provides guidelines for writing formulas for binary ionic compounds, including balancing charges, and guidelines for naming these compounds. 3) It discusses writing formulas and naming compounds containing transition metals and polyatomic ions. 4) It also covers binary covalent compounds, including using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms and guidelines for naming these compounds. 5) It defines hydrates and provides an example of how to write formulas and name hydrated compounds.

Uploaded by

G7B-Andrew Osama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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New Vocabulary

oxidation number
binary compound
polyatomic ion
hydrate
Writing Chemical Formulas
• To write a chemical formula you need to know:
• the elements involved
• the oxidation number of each element
• An oxidation number is a positive or negative
number that indicates how many electrons an
atom has gained, lost, or shared to become
stable.
• For ionic compounds, the oxidation number is
the same as the charge on the ion.
• For example, Na+ has a charge of 1+ and an
oxidation number of 1+. Cl- has a charge of 1-
and an oxidation number of 1-.
Review Vocabulary

ion: an atom that has gained or lost electrons


Ions
Cations Anions

Positively Negatively
Charged Charged
Atoms Atoms
+ -
i.e. Na i.e. Cl
Writing Chemical Formulas
The number at the top of each column is the most
common oxidation number of the elements in that
group.
IONIC CHARGES
Group I -> 1+

Group II -> 2+

Group III -> 3+

Group IV -> 4+
IONIC CHARGES
Group V -> 3-

Group VI -> 2-

Group VII -> 1-

Group VIII -> Noble Gases


Writing Chemical Formulas
• To write the formula for a binary compound
(composed of two elements):
1. Write the symbol of the element with positive
oxidation number or charge.
2. All metals have positive oxidation numbers.
Hydrogen often does.
3. Write the symbol of the element with negative
oxidation number or charge.
4. Nonmetals usually have negative oxidation
numbers.
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Ionic Compounds
• composed of positive and
negative ions.
• usually formed from a metal and
non-metal.
• these elements are not attached
to one another.
TYPES OF
COMPOUNDS
Ionic Compounds
• Examples
NaCl
CaBr2
KI
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Definition
• shows the kind and numbers of
atoms in the compound.
i. e.
NaCl
IONIC COMPOUNDS

If charges cancel, just write the symbols


Na+1 Cl-1 NaCl
If charges do not cancel, criss-cross:
Ca+2 Cl-1 CaCl2
***Do not move the charge, only the
number
***Do not write the 1
NAMING
COMPOUNDS
Your ability to name compounds
and write formula’s depend on
your ability to recognize whether
a compound is Ionic or covalent .
BINARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS
Binary means 2 elements
Ionic means a metal and a non-
metal (or cation and anion)
Writing Formulas
• charges must balance so
compound charge is neutral.
BINARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS
Writing Formulas from Names
• 1st word = CATION
• 2nd word = ANION name
with ide ending.
BINARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS
NaBr Sodium
Bromide
MgF2 Magnesium
Fluoride
BINARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS
Potassium K+Cl- -> KCl
Chloride
Aluminum Al23+O32- ->
Oxide Al2O3
• notice ending
of name is ide!
Naming with Transition
Metals
First word = CATION
Second word = ANION
– The Roman numeral will tell you the
charge of the transition metal
– Silver (Ag) is an exception. It’s
charge is +1
Writing Chemical Formulas

• Many transition
elements can have
more than one
oxidation number.
• When naming
compounds, the
oxidation number of
these elements is
expressed by a roman
numeral after the name
of the element.
Writing Formulas with
Transition Metals
FeCl3 Iron (III)
+3
Fe Cl -1 Chloride

FeCl2 Iron (II)


+2
Fe Cl -1 Chloride
*Backwards criss-cross to know the charge/Roman numeral
Naming Transition
Metals
Copper (I) Cu+1 O -2
Oxide
Cu2O
Polyatomic Ions
Definition
•tightly bound groups of
atoms that behave as a unit
and carry a charge.
Example
2- -
SO3 , NO2 , ClO2
-
Compounds with Complex Ions

When naming compounds with polyatomic ions,


use Table 4 to find the names of the ions.
TERNARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS
Ternary means 3 different
elements
Usually contain Poly-atomic
Ions
Ionic means cation and anion
TERNARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS:Writing
Formulas
Ca2+CO32- Calcium
CaCO3 Carbonate
Charges canceled.
Just write the symbols
TERNARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS: Naming
Calcium
Nitrate Ca +2 (NO3) -1

Ca(NO3)2
TYPES OF
COMPOUNDS
covalent Compounds
• composed of molecules in
which elements share
electrons.
• usually composed of 2
nonmetals.
• these elements are attached
TYPES OF
COMPOUNDS
covalent Compounds
•Examples
CS2
SiO2
BF3
BINARY MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
Binary means 2 elements
Covalent means 2 non-
metals
NO ionic charges are
present
Naming Binary covalent
Compounds
Prefixes are used to show how
many atoms are present in each
molecule.
Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

• Some pairs of nonmetals can form more than one


covalent compound with each other.
• When naming
covalent compounds,
use the prefixes in
Table 6 to show how
many atoms of each
element are in the
compound.
Covalent Prefixes

Mono (or no prefix) – Hexa – 6


1 Hepta – 7
Di – 2 Octa – 8
Tri – 3 Nona – 9
Tetra – 4 Deca – 10
Penta – 5
Writing Binary
Molecular Compounds
CO2 Carbon
Dioxide
•no mono • Di means 2
prefix is used
on first element
oxygens!!
Naming Binary
Molecular Compounds
2 ways it’s done!
• (prefix + element name)
i.e. N2O

dinitrogen monoxide
Naming Binary covalent
Compounds
• (prefix + element root + ide)
i.e. PCl3
Phosphorous
Trichloride
All binary compounds end in
ide!!!
Compounds with Added Water
• A hydrate is a compound that has water
chemically attached to its atoms. When the
water is removed, the compound is anhydrous.
• When writing the formula for a hydrate, add a
dot followed by the number of water molecules
attached to the compound.
• When naming the compound, use the prefixes
from Table 6 followed by -hydrate.
Formula Name
CaSO4 × 2H2O calcium sulfate dihydrate
MgSO4 × 2H2O magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

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