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MCHE485 Final Spring2015 Sol

The document describes a rotating machinery system consisting of three masses (m1, m2, m3) connected by springs and dampers. It asks the reader to: 1) Write the equations of motion for the original 2-mass system and determine its natural frequency. 2) Design a secondary k2-m3 subsystem to absorb vibrations near the original system's natural frequency, specifying values for k2 and m3. 3) Add the secondary subsystem to the model, writing the new equations of motion and sketching the frequency response.

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Mahdi Karimi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

MCHE485 Final Spring2015 Sol

The document describes a rotating machinery system consisting of three masses (m1, m2, m3) connected by springs and dampers. It asks the reader to: 1) Write the equations of motion for the original 2-mass system and determine its natural frequency. 2) Design a secondary k2-m3 subsystem to absorb vibrations near the original system's natural frequency, specifying values for k2 and m3. 3) Add the secondary subsystem to the model, writing the new equations of motion and sketching the frequency response.

Uploaded by

Mahdi Karimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MCHE 485 – Final Exam – May 7, 2015 CLID:

Problem 2 – 25 Points
The system in Figure 2 is a common model used for rotating machinery. It consists of a
mass, m1 , connected to ground through a spring k, and a damper, c. A second mass, m2 , is
o↵set from center by eccentricity, e, and is rotating at an angular velocity of !. There is a
secondary mass, m3 , and spring, k2 , that will be added in for parts d.–g. of this problem.

Ignoring the secondary, k2 –m3 , subsystem:

a. Write the equations of motion describing the motion of m1 .


b. What is the natural frequency?
c. Sketch the approximate frequency response. Be sure to indicate:
i. Magnitude as ! approaches 0.
ii. Magnitude as ! approaches infinity.
iii. Magnitude when ! equals the natural frequency of the system, !n .

Now, the secondary subsystem consisting of k2 and m2 is added.

d. How should this subsystem be designed such that m1 remains stationary, or nearly
stationary, over a range of input frequencies near the natural frequency of the original
system. Give values for k2 and m3 in terms of k1 , m1 , m2 , and e.
e. What is the fundamental compromise in the design for part d. ?
f. Write the equations of motion for the new system, including the secondary, k2 –m3 ,
subsystem.
g. Sketch the approximate frequency response for x and x3 for this new system.

Added for Part d.


x3
k1 m1 k2
x m3

c e
m2

Figure 2: A Rotating Imbalance System


Problem 2
a.

b.

c.

d. In order for m1 to remain stationary, the k2--m3 subsystem would have


to act as a vibration absorber. For this to happen the natural frequency
of that subsystem should match the desired "zero" frequency for m1.
Here, that is the natural frequency of the original system, so:

e. • Large absorber mass leads to:


- low amplitude absorber mass motion
- robustness around the desired freq.
- at the cost of increased mass (and likely volume)
• Small 2nd mass leads to:
- higher amplitude absorber mass motion
- less robustness to changes in frequency
- benefit is a lighter/smaller system
Problem 2 (cont.)
f.

g.
MCHE 485 – Final Exam – May 7, 2015 CLID:

Problem 3 – 25 Points
The system in Figure 3 is a mass-spring system moving along the ground. Figure 4 is a
similar system with friction. The coefficient of friction between the mass and ground in this
system is µ.

a. Write the equations of motion for these two systems.


b. For both systems, plot the response, x(t), to initial conditions:

x(0) = x0 and ẋ(0) = v0

For the system in Figure 3, plot the response for a damping ratio ⇣ = 0.1. For the
system in Figure 4, use a coefficient of friction that would result in approximately the
same settling time. Be sure to clearly label the axes and di↵erentiate between the
responses. Indicate what is di↵erent between the responses for two energy dissipation
models.

A coworker suggests attaching the system in Figure 5 to the main system mass. He claims
that this proposed sensor can measure acceleration.

c. For the proposed sensor in Figure 5, write the transfer function between the sensor
motion, y(t), and the measurement, x(t).
d. Explain how the sensor can be used to measure acceleration. (Hint: Using the transfer
function from part c., write the relationship between x(t) and ÿ(t).)

x x
Added for
k part c. k k c

m m
k c k m
y
! x

Figure 3: A Mass-Spring- Figure 4: A Mass-Spring Sys- Figure 5: The


Damper System tem with Friction Proposed Sen-
sor
Problem 3
a.

b.

c.

d.
MCHE 485 – Final Exam – May 6, 2014 CLID:

Problem 1 – 15 Points
The system in Figure 1 consists of mass, m, excited by
input, y(t), through springs of spring constant, k. There c
is also a damper, c, between the mass and ground.
x
a. Write the equations of motion for this system.
b. What is the natural frequency? m
c. Assuming y(t) = 0, plot the response, x(t), to initial
conditions:

x(0) = x0 and ẋ(0) = v0 k


for damping ratios of ⇣ = 0.0, ⇣ = 0.2, and ⇣ = 0.7.
Be sure to clearly label the axes and di↵erentiate
between the responses. k y
d. Write the response, x(t), to these same initial con-
ditions.
e. Now, assume y(t) = ȳei!t . Write the transfer func- Figure 1: A Mass-Spring-
tion from the amplitude of the input, ȳ, to the am- Damper System
plitude of the response.
f. Sketch the approximate frequency response (both
magnitude and phase) for ⇣ = 0.0, ⇣ = 0.2, and
⇣ = 0.7. For each damping ratio, be sure to indi-
cate:
i. Amplitude and phase as ! approaches 0.
ii. Amplitude and phase as ! approaches infinity.
iii. Amplitude when ! equals the natural frequency of the system, !n .
Problem 1 (cont.)
Problem 1 (cont.)
MCHE 485 – Final Exam – May 6, 2014 CLID:

Problem 2 – 15 Points
The system in Figure 2 consists of a thin rod of mass m and length l. It is connected to
ground via a damper attached at distance l1 from the rod’s pivot point and a spring, k, at a
distance of l2 from the pivot. There is a pure torque, ⌧ , acting on the rod. You can assume
that the spring is at its equilibrium when ✓ = 0.

a. Write the equations of motion for this system.


b. What is the natural frequency?
c. Assuming ⌧ (t) = ⌧¯ei!t , write the transfer function from the amplitude of the torque,
⌧¯, to the amplitude of the response.
d. Sketch the approximate frequency response (both magnitude and phase) for ⇣ = 0.0,
⇣ = 0.2, and ⇣ = 0.7. For each damping ratio, be sure to indicate:
i. Amplitude and phase as ! approaches 0.
ii. Amplitude and phase as ! approaches infinity.
iii. Amplitude and phase when ! equals the natural frequency of the system, !n .

mass, m
length, l
c

Figure 2: A Thin Rod with a Direct Torque Input


Problem 2 (cont.)
Problem 2 (cont.)
MCHE 485 – Final Exam – May 3, 2016 CLID:

Problem 1 – 25 Points
The system in Figure 1 consists of a mass, m, connected to ground through through spring
k and to an input, y, via damper c.

a. Write the equations of motion for this system.


b. What is the natural frequency?
c. Assume y(t) = 0 (i.e. it acts like another ground connection with respect to the mass).
Write the response, x(t), to initial conditions x(0) = 0 and ẋ(0) = v0 .
d. Plot the response, x(t), to the same initial conditions for damping ratios of ⇣ = 0.0,
⇣ = 0.2, and ⇣ = 0.7. Be sure to clearly label the axes, indicate any important features
of the responses, and di↵erentiate between the responses.
e. Now, assume a harmonic input in y(t). Write the transfer function from the amplitude
of the input to the amplitude of the output.
f. Assuming y(t) = ȳ cos !t, write the time response, x(t).
g. Set up the solution procedure to determine the time response, x(t), to the velocity
input, ẏ(t), shown in Figure 2. Define as much as possible based on the information
you have been given. If there are integrals needed, you do not need to solve them,
but do set the problem up such that it could be passed to a calculus student to do
so. If terms in the integration will be zero, please be nice to the calculus student and
indicate so.

vmax

x y
ẏ(t) (m/s)

k c 0
m

Figure 1: Mass-Spring-Damper vmax


System 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (s)

Figure 2: Velocity Command

a.
Problem 1 (cont.)

b.

c.

d.
Problem 1 (cont.)

e.

f.

g.
Problem 1 (cont.)
g (cont.).

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