Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

Addressing Table
Device Interface IPv4 Address IPv6 Address IPv6 Link-Local

R1 G0/0/1 10.1.13.1/24 2001:db8:acad:10d1::1/64 fe80::1:1

R1
S0/1/1 10.1.3.1/24 2001:db8:acad:1013::1/64 fe80::1:2
D1 G1/0/11 10.1.13.13/24 2001:db8:acad:10d1::d1/64 fe80::d1:1

D1
VLAN50 10.2.50.1/24 2001:db8:acad:1050::d1/64 fe80::d1:2

D1
VLAN60 10.2.60.1/24 2001:db8:acad:1060::d1/64 fe80::d1:3
R3 S0/1/1 10.1.3.3/24 2001:db8:acad:1013::3/64 fe80::3:1

R3
G0/0/1.75 10.3.75.1/24 2001:db8:acad:3075::1/64 fe80::3:2

R3
G0/0/1.85 10.3.85.1/24 2001:db8:acad:3085::1/64 fe80::3:3
D2 VLAN75 10.3.75.14/24 2001:db8:acad:3075::d2/64 fe80::d2:1
PC1 NIC 10.2.50.50/24 2001:db8:acad:1050::50/64 EUI-64
PC2 NIC 10.2.60.50/24 2001:db8:acad:1060::50/64 EUI-64
PC3 NIC 10.3.75.50/24 2001:db8:acad:3075::50/64 EUI-64
PC4 NIC 10.3.85.50/24 2001:db8:acad:3085::50/64 EUI-64

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

Objectives
Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings
Part 2: Configure and Verify Inter-VLAN Routing on a Layer 3 Switch
Part 3: Configure and Verify Router-based Inter-VLAN Routing
Part 4: Examine CAM and CEF Details

Background / Scenario
The methods used to move packets and frames from one interface to the next has changed over the years. In
this lab you will configure Inter-VLAN Routing in its various forms and then examine the different tables used
in making forwarding decisions.

Required Resources
• 2 Routers (Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
• 2 Switches (Cisco 3650 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
• 4 PCs (PC with terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
• Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
• Ethernet and serial cables as shown in the topology

Instructions

Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings

In Part 1, you will set up the network topology and configure basic settings.

Step 1: Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Attach the devices as shown in the topology diagram, and cable as necessary.

Step 2: Configure basic settings for each device.

a. Console into each router, enter global configuration mode, and apply the basic settings using the
following startup configurations.
Open configuration window

Router R1
no ip domain lookup
hostname R1
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
banner motd # This is R1, Inter-VLAN Routing Lab #
Router R3
no ip domain lookup
hostname R3
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

logging synchronous
exit
banner motd # This is R3, Inter-VLAN Routing Lab #
Switch D1
no ip domain lookup
hostname D1
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
banner motd # This is D1, Inter-VLAN Routing Lab #
interface range g1/0/1-24
shutdown
Switch D2
no ip domain lookup
hostname D2
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
banner motd # This is D2, Inter-VLAN Routing Lab #
interface range g1/0/1-24
shutdown
b. Set the clock on each device to UTC time.
c. Save the running configuration to startup-config.
Close configuration window

Part 2: Configure and Verify Inter-VLAN Routing on a Layer 3 Switch

In Part 2, you will configure and verify inter-VLAN Routing on a Layer 3 switch. For this part, you will focus on
the configuration of switch D1 and router R1.
Note: The default Switch Database Manager (SDM) template on a Catalyst 3650 running IOS XE supports
dual-stacked operations and requires no additional configuration for our purposes.
If you are using an alternate device running Cisco IOS, check the SDM template with the privileged EXEC
command show sdm prefer and verify that the ‘number of IPv6 unicast routes’ supported is not zero.
If it is zero, you must change the SDM template to one that supports IPv6 using the sdm prefer
template_name global configuration command. The template name will vary depending on the IOS version.
Changing the template will require a reboot.

Step 1: On D1, configure Inter-VLAN Routing.

Open configuration window

a. Configure D1 to support IP routing and IPv6 unicast routing.

D1(config)# ip routing
D1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
b. Create the VLANs and name them as specified in the topology.
D1(config)# vlan 50

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

D1(config-vlan)# name Group50

D1(config-vlan)# exit
D1(config)# vlan 60
D1(config-vlan)# name Group60
D1(config-vlan)# exit
c. Assign the G1/0/23 to VLAN 50 and G1/0/24 to VLAN 60.
D1(config)# interface g1/0/23
D1(config-if)# switchport mode access
D1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 50
D1(config-if)# no shutdown
D1(config-if)# exit
D1(config)# interface g1/0/24
D1(config-if)# switchport mode access
D1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 60
D1(config-if)# no shutdown
D1(config-if)# exit
d. Create the Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVI) that will support VLAN 50 and VLAN 60.
D1(config)# interface vlan 50
D1(config-if)# ip address 10.2.50.1 255.255.255.0
D1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::d1:2 link-local
D1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1050::d1/64
D1(config-if)# no shutdown
D1(config-if)# exit
D1(config)# interface vlan 60
D1(config-if)# ip address 10.2.60.1 255.255.255.0
D1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::d1:3 link-local
D1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1060::d1/64
D1(config-if)# no shutdown
D1(config-if)# exit
e. Configure PC1 with the addresses specified in the Addressing Table. Further assign default gateways of
10.2.50.1 and 2001:db8:acad:1050::d1.
f. Configure PC2 with the addresses specified in the Addressing Table. Further assign default gateways of
10.2.60.1 and 2001:db8:acad:1060::d1.
g. From PC1, ping PC2’s IPv4 and IPv6 address. Success indicates that D1 is performing Inter-VLAN
Routing.
h. Examine the MAC address table on D1 with the command show mac address-table dynamic. You
should see PC1 and PC2’s mac addresses listed with the ports they are connected to.
D1# show mac address-table dynamic
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
50 0050.56b3.8137 DYNAMIC Gi1/0/23
60 0050.56b3.994b DYNAMIC Gi1/0/24

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 2

Step 2: On D1, configure a routed port and default routes towards R1

a. Configure interface G1/0/11 as a routed port with addressing as specified in the topology diagram.
D1(config)# interface g1/0/11
D1(config-if)# no switchport
D1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.13.13 255.255.255.0
D1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::d1:1 link-local
D1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:10d1::d1/64
D1(config-if)# no shutdown
D1(config-if)# exit
b. Verify that interface G1/0/11 is no longer associated with the VLAN database by issuing the command
show vlan brief | i g1/0/11. There should be no output.
c. Configure static default routes for IPv4 and IPv6 that point towards the interface address at R1.
D1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.13.1
D1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:acad:10d1::1
Close configuration window

Step 3: On R1, configure interface addressing and static routing.

Open configuration window

a. Configure R1 to support IPv6 unicast routing.

R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
b. Configure the interfaces on R1 with the addresses specified in the Addressing Table.
R1(config)# interface g0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:1 link-local
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:10d1::1/64
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface s0/1/1
R1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:2 link-local
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1013::1/64
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit
c. Configure routing on R1. Configure static routes to the networks supported by D1 and a default route for
everything else point at R3.
R1(config)# ip route 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.13.13
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:1050::/64 2001:db8:acad:10d1::d1
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:1060::/64 2001:db8:acad:10d1::d1
R1(config)#
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.3.3
R1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:acad:1013::3
R1(config)#
d. From R1, ping PC2 with IPv4 and IPv6. All pings should be successful.
Close configuration window

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

Part 3: Configure and Verify Router-based Inter-VLAN Routing

Note: The default Switch Database Manager (SDM) template on a Catalyst 3650 running IOS XE supports
dual-stacked operations and requires no additional configuration for our purposes.
If you are using an alternate device running Cisco IOS, check the SDM template with the privileged exec
command show sdm prefer and verify that the ‘number of IPv6 unicast routes’ supported is not zero.
If it is zero, you must change the SDM template to one that supports IPv6 using the sdm prefer
template_name global configuration command. The template name will vary depending on the IOS version.
Changing the template will require a reboot.

Step 1: Configure D2 to support the required VLANs.

a. Create the VLANs and name them as specified in the topology. In addition, create vlan 999 and name it
NativeVLAN.
Open configuration window

D2(config)# vlan 75
D2(config-vlan)# name Group75
D2(config-vlan)# exit
D2(config)# vlan 85
D2(config-vlan)# name Group85
D2(config-vlan)# exit
D2(config)# vlan 999
D2(config-vlan)# name NativeVLAN
D2(config-vlan)# exit
b. Assign the G1/0/23 to VLAN 75 and G1/0/24 to VLAN 85.
c. Create a Switched Virtual Interface that will operate within VLAN 75.
D2(config)# interface vlan75
D2(config-if)# ip address 10.3.75.14 255.255.255.0
D2(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::d2:1 link-local
D2(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:3075::d2/64
D2(config-if)# no shutdown
D2(config-if)# exit
d. Create an IEEE 802.1Q-based trunk to R3. As a part of the configuration of the trunk, set the native VLAN
to VLAN 999 and filter the VLANs allowed on the trunk down to only those that are configured.
D2(config)# interface g1/0/11
D2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
D2(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 999
D2(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 75,85,999
D2(config-if)# no shutdown
D2(config-if)# exit
Close configuration window

Step 2: Configure R3 to support Inter-VLAN Routing.

a. Configure R3 to support IPv6 unicast routing.
b. Configure the subinterfaces needed on R3 interface G0/0/1 to support the configured VLANs. Ensure an
interface is created for the native VLAN 999.
Open configuration window

R3(config)# interface g0/0/1

R3(config-if)# no shutdown

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface g0/0/1.75
R3(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 75
R3(config-subif)# ip address 10.3.75.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)# ipv6 address fe80::3:2 link-local
R3(config-subif)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:3075::1/64
R3(config-subif)# no shutdown
R3(config-subif)# exit
R3(config)# interface g0/0/1.85
R3(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 85
R3(config-subif)# ip address 10.3.85.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)# ipv6 address fe80::3:3 link-local
R3(config-subif)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:3085::1/64
R3(config-subif)# no shutdown
R3(config-subif)# exit
R3(config)# interface g0/0/1.999
R3(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 999 native
R3(config-subif)# no shutdown
R3(config-subif)# exit
c. Configure PC3 with the addresses specified in the Addressing Table. Further assign default gateways of
10.3.75.1 and 2001:db8:acad:3075::1.
d. Configure PC4 with the addresses specified in the Addressing Table. Further assign default gateways of
10.3.85.1 and 2001:db8:acad:3085::1.
e. From PC3, ping PC4’s IPv4 and IPv6 address. Success indicates that R3 is performing Inter-VLAN
Routing.

Step 3: Configure static routing to enable end-to-end reachability.

a. On R3, configure interface S0/1/1 with the addresses specified in the Addressing Table.
R3(config)# interface s0/1/1
R3(config-if)# ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::3:1 link-local
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1013::3/64
R3(config-if)# no shutdown
R3(config-if)# exit
b. On R3, configure a static default route for IPv4 and IPv6 that points to R1’s S0/1/1 interface addresses.
R3(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.3.1
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:acad:1013::1
Close configuration window

c. On PC3, issue a ping to PC2. The ping should be successful. This indicates the routing solution is
working in both directions.

Part 4: Examine CAM and CEF Details

In Part 4, you will examine CEF details on the devices you have configured. The objective of Cisco Express
Forwarding is to speed up the process of moving data from one interface to another. To do this, as much data
as possible is precompiled into two tables, the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and the Adjacency Table.

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

These are basically shortcuts that identify what interface a packet should be sent out of and how it should be
framed.
a. Issue the command show ip cef to see the compiled CEF table, which tells the device what to do with a
frame or packet based on its destination address. This table gives the device a quick answer and keeps
the CPU from getting directly involved. For example, packets destined to the 10.2.0.0/16 network are
quickly resolved to the next-hop address of 10.1.13.13 exiting interface g0/0/1.
Open configuration window

R1# show ip cef

Prefix Next Hop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 10.1.3.3 Serial0/1/1
0.0.0.0/8 drop
0.0.0.0/32 receive
10.1.3.0/24 attached Serial0/1/1
10.1.3.0/32 receive Serial0/1/1
10.1.3.1/32 receive Serial0/1/1
10.1.3.3/32 10.1.3.3 Serial0/1/1
10.1.3.255/32 receive Serial0/1/1
10.1.13.0/24 attached GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.1.13.0/32 receive GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.1.13.1/32 receive GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.1.13.13/32 attached GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.1.13.255/32 receive GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.2.0.0/16 10.1.13.13 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 drop
224.0.0.0/4 drop
224.0.0.0/24 receive
240.0.0.0/4 drop
255.255.255.255/32 receive

b. Issue the command show adjacency, which shows you the address neighbors on each interface.
R1# show adjacency
Protocol Interface Address
IP GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.13.13(11)
IP GigabitEthernet0/0/1 227.0.0.0(3)
IPV6 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2001:DB8:ACAD:10D1::D1(12)
IPV6 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 FE80::D1:1(3)
IPV6 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 FFFF::(3)
IP Serial0/1/1 point2point(13)
IPV6 Serial0/1/1 point2point(13)

c. Expand this a bit and issue the command show adjacency detail, and you will see that the router has
precompiled the Layer 2 headers and other details to allow it to package information quickly.
R1# show adjacency detail
Protocol Interface Address
IP GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.13.13(11)
20 packets, 1680 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0
Encap length 14
001AE3CFB8C37079B39236410800
L2 destination address byte offset 0

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

L2 destination address byte length 6

Link-type after encap: ip
ARP
IP GigabitEthernet0/0/1 227.0.0.0(3)
connectionid 1
0 packets, 0 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0
Encap length 14
01005E0000007079B39236410800
L2 destination address byte offset 0
L2 destination address byte length 6
Link-type after encap: ip
Inject p2mp Multicast
IPV6 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2001:DB8:ACAD:10D1::D1(12)
5 packets, 570 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0
Encap length 14
001AE3CFB8C37079B392364186DD
L2 destination address byte offset 0
L2 destination address byte length 6
Link-type after encap: ipv6
IPv6 ND
IPV6 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 FE80::D1:1(3)
0 packets, 0 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0
Encap length 14
001AE3CFB8C37079B392364186DD
L2 destination address byte offset 0
L2 destination address byte length 6
Link-type after encap: ipv6
IPv6 ND
IPV6 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 FFFF::(3)
connectionid 1
8 packets, 720 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0
Encap length 14
3333000000007079B392364186DD
L2 destination address byte offset 0
L2 destination address byte length 6
Link-type after encap: ipv6
Inject p2mp Multicast
IP Serial0/1/1 point2point(13)
8 packets, 512 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0

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Topology: Implement Inter-VLAN Routing

Encap length 4
0F000800
P2P-ADJ
IPV6 Serial0/1/1 point2point(13)
18599 packets, 1756190 bytes
epoch 0
sourced in sev-epoch 0
Encap length 4
0F0086DD
P2P-ADJ
Close configuration window

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