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1. The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is: electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange
themselves to minimize repulsions
2. Electron domains are defined as: the electron domain refers to the number of lone pairs or bond locations around a
particular atom in a molecule
3. Which electrons contribute to the electron domains of an atom? bonds and non-bonding pairs
4. For each of the following, describe the electron domain geometry:
a. CBr4 tetrahedral d. SiO2 linear
b. PH3 tetrahedral e. CH2O trigonal planar
c. BCl3 trigonal planar f. BeCl2 linear
5. The difference between an electron domain and a bonding domain is: electron domains include both bonding pairs and
non-bonding pairs whereas bonding domains are just shared pairs (bonding pairs)
6. Which electrons contribute to the molecular geometry of an atom? only bonded pairs
7. Fill in the following table:
# of Electron # of Bonding # of Nonbonding Electron Domain Molecular
Bond Angle
Domains Domains Domains Geometry Geometry
2 2 0 linear linear 180o

3 3 0 trigonal planar trigonal planar 120o

3 2 1 trigonal planar bent <120o

4 4 0 tetrahedral tetrahedral 109.5o

4 3 1 tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal <109.5o

4 2 2 tetrahedral bent <109.5o

trigonal trigonal
5 5 0 90o, 120o
bipyramidal bipyramidal
trigonal
5 4 1 seesaw 90o, 120o, 180o
bipyramidal
trigonal
5 3 2 T-shaped 90o,180o
bipyramidal
trigonal
5 2 3 linear 180o
bipyramidal

6 6 0 octahedral octahedral 90o

6 5 1 octahedral square pyramidal 90o

6 4 2 octahedral square planar 80o

8. Define dipole moment: Dipole moment ( μ ) is the measure of net polarity, which is the magnitude of the charge Q at
either end of the dipole times the distance r between the charges.
9. What two factors determine the polarity of a molecule? Bond polarity and molecular geometry
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10. Determine the geometry and polarity for each of the following:
Formula Geometry Polarity Formula Geometry Polarity
PF3 trigonal pyramidal polar CH3Cl tetrahedral polar
BeCl2 linear non-polar SF6 octahedral non-polar
CF2O trigonal planar polar SF2 bent polar
SiH2Cl2 tetrahedral polar CO2 linear non-polar

11. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in HBr? 1s on H and 4p on Br
12. Describe orbital hybridization: the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies,
shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence
bond theory
13. Describe hybridization for each of the following electron domain geometries:
a. Linear sp d. Tetrahedral sp3
b. Trigonal planar sp2 e. Bent (120o) sp2
c. Trigonal pyramidal sp3 f. Bent (109.5o) sp3
14. A single bond consists of a single σ bond.
15. A double bond consists of one σ bond and one π bond.
16. A triple bond consists of one σ bond and two π bonds.
o
17. What bond angle is associated with sp hybridization? 180
18. What bond angle is associated with sp2 hybridization? 120o
19. What bond angle is associated with sp3 hybridization? 109.5o
20. How is the number of orbitals hybridized related to the number of hybrid orbitals formed? The number of orbitals
hybridized is equal to the number of hybrid orbitals formed.
21. Why is the bond angle of water less than the 109.5o ideal bond angle for a tetrahedral electron domain? The unshared
pairs of electrons on the central atom are more repulsive than the shared pairs due to their proximities to the central atom.

Questions22 - 23 refer to the following energy diagram:

22. What is the energy of the two isolated atoms? 0J

23. What is the bond length of the bond between the two atoms? approx. 0.140 nm
24. What is the bond energy (bond strength) of the bond? approx. -330 J
25. Explain how the potential energy of the bond relates to Coulomb’s Law. As the atoms approach one another, the
coulombic force increases increasing the bond energy, but should the atoms get too close, the repulsive force from the
AP Chemistry Name:
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nuclei lowers the bond energy.

26. Define bond order: Bond order is basically the number of bonds between two atoms