FUNDAMENTALS OF

DATABASE SYSTEMS
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION

Nguyễn Thị Hậu

University of Engineering and Technology,
Vietnam National University in Hanoi (UET-VNU)
[email protected]
COURSE OVERVIEW

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 Contents
Part 1: Theory (60%: attendance, assignments: 5%, project:
10%, test 1-3 at week 6, 10, 15 (online tests): 15% x 3)
1. Basic concepts
2. The ER modeling
3. The relational database model
4. Functional dependency, Normalization
Bonus: Solving problems in the lectures (Maximum 5%),
and the bonus parts of project (Maximum 10%)

Part 2: Practice (40%: attendance, assignments, tests)

• MySQL, week 2-15

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 Project requirements
• Duration: Week 1-15 (students must submit the progressive report according to the
requirements of each lecturer)
• Requirements:
1. Choosing an application (possibly using existing applications). (Week 2)
Draw the overall architecture of your application
Describing all supported features of the application.
2. Describing the database of the application (entities, relationships,
constraints…) in words. (Week 3)
Describe in word all necessary business rules for your data (e.g each
student can take maximum 12 credits per semester).

3. Drawing ERD of the database using Chen ‘s model. (Week 4)

4. Converting the database into the relation model.
5. Normalizing the database into 2NF, 3NF, BCNF.
6. Creating & implementing the database using a DBMS.
7. Developing your application. (Bonus!!!)
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 Readings
• Ramez Elmasri & Shamkant
B. Navathe, Fundamentals of
Database Systems, 7th
Edition, Pearson 2015.

• CORONEL, C., and

MORRIS, S. 2017, Database
Systems: Design,
Implementation, and
Management. 13th Ed.,
Thomson Course Technology

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 Database Career Opportunities

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Top 10 DBMS 2020

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BASIC CONCEPTS

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Data – Information Examples

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 Data vs. Information
Data Information
• Raw facts • Produced by processing data
– Raw data - Not yet been • Reveals the meaning of data
processed to reveal the
meaning • Enables knowledge creation
• Building blocks of • Should be accurate,
information relevant, and timely to
enable good decision
• Data management
making
– Generation, storage, and
retrieval of data

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 Evolution of File System Data
Processing
Manual File Systems
Accomplished through a system of file folders and filing
cabinets

Computerized File Systems

Data processing (DP) specialist: Created a computer-based
system that would track data and produce required reports

File System Redux: Modern End-User Productivity

Tools
Includes spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel

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 Contents of a simple Customer file

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 A Simple File System example

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 Problems with File System Data
Processing
Lengthy development times

Difficulty of getting quick answers

Complex system administration

Lack of security and limited data

sharing

Extensive programming

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 Database
•Shared, integrated computer structure that stores
a collection of:
–End-user data - Raw facts of interest to end user
–Metadata: Data about data, which the end-user data
are integrated and managed
•Describe data characteristics and relationships
•Database management system (DBMS)
–Collection of programs
–Manages the database structure
–Controls access to data stored in the database

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 Role of the DBMS
• Intermediary between the user and the
database
• Enables data to be shared
• Presents the end user with an integrated view
of the data
• Receives and translates application requests
into operations required to fulfill the requests
• Hides database’s internal complexity from the
application programs and users
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 The DBMS Manages the Interaction between the End User and the
Database

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Components of DBMS

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 Meta data

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 Advantages of the DBMS
• Better data integration and less data inconsistency
– Data inconsistency: Different versions of the same data appear in
different places
• Increased end-user productivity
• Improved:
–Data sharing
–Data security
–Data access
–Decision making
•Data quality: Promoting accuracy, validity, and timeliness
of data

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 Types of Databases
• Single-user database: Supports one user at a
time
– Desktop database: Runs on PC
• Multi-user database: Supports multiple users
at the same time
– Workgroup databases: Supports a small number
of users or a specific department
– Enterprise database: Supports many users
across many departments

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 Types of Databases
• Centralized database:
Data is located at a
single site
• Distributed database:
Data is distributed across
different sites
• Cloud database:
Created and maintained
using cloud data services
that provide defined
performance measures
for the database

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 Types of Databases
• General-purpose databases: Contains a wide
variety of data used in multiple disciplines
• Discipline-specific databases: Contains data
focused on specific subject areas

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 Types of Databases
• Operational
database: Designed
to support a
company’s
day-to-day
operations

• Analytical
database: Stores
historical data and
business metrics used
exclusively for
tactical or strategic
decision making
– Data warehouse:
Stores data in a
format optimized
for decision support

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 Types of Databases
• Business intelligence: Captures and processes
business data to generate information that
support decision making

• Online analytical processing

(OLAP)
– Enable retrieving, processing, and
modeling data from the data
warehouse

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 Types of Databases
• Unstructured data: It
exists in their original state
• Structured data: It results
from formatting
– Structure is applied based
on type of processing to be
performed
• Semi-structured data:
Processed to some extent
• Extensible Markup
Language (XML)
– Represents data elements in
textual format

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 Database Design
• Focuses on the design of the database structure
that will be used to store and manage end-user
data
• Well-designed database
– Facilitates data management
– Generates accurate and valuable information
• Poorly designed database causes
difficult-to-trace errors

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 Database Systems
•Logically related data stored in a single logical
data repository
–Physically distributed among multiple storage
facilities
–DBMS eliminates most of file system’s problems
•Current generation DBMS software:
o Stores data structures, relationships between structures, and access paths
o Defines, stores, and manages all access paths and components

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 Contrasting Database and File Systems

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 The Database System Environment

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