---------------------------------------------------------------- iii.

Synthesis
Theory of Achitecture 2 - The combining of different ideas
by AR. Morgan Cambod into one
---------------------------------------------------------------- - The combination or whole
Design Process produced by such process
Design Process is the designer’s sequence iv. Implementation
of activities in implementing a design - The process of putting a
decision or plan into effect
o Design - The execution of design/plan
v. Communication
The creation of a plan or convention for
- Conveying information through
the construction of an object or a
exchange of thoughts
system.
- Must be constant to maintain
the connection
o Process
Refers to the steps or sequence.
II. Division
----------------------------------------------------------------

“Design Process is choosing the
Typical 3 Step Process
best solution out of several division
of design solution.” – J. Christopher
1. Project Brief
Jones (1970) Design Methods:
A summary of what is in mind of a
Seeds of human Features
particular project.
Division Steps
i. Briefing
2. Design
ii. Analysis
Refers to the concept that focuses on
iii. Redo/ Synthesis
the elements or components or
iv. Synthesis/Redo
structure, unifying them into a coherent
v. Implementation
and functional whole.
vi. Communication
3. Drawing
III. Centralized
Is the technical illustration of an

“There are no steps in the Design
idea in the form of architectural
Process. Everything is happening at
presentations.
the same time.” – Prof. Bryan
----------------------------------------------------------------
Lawson (1992)
5 Types of Architectural Design
Centralized Steps
i. Brief
I. Linear
ii. Synthesis – Solution – Analysis –
 “Design Process is a continuous
Experimental – Constrains
B.A.S.I.C. linear step” – Reekie R.
iii. Design
Fraser (1972) Design in the Built
Environment
IV. Cycle

“Design Process is endless
Linear Steps
repetitive cycle.” – James C. Snyder
i. Briefing
(1970) Introduction to Architecture
- The meeting of minds
Cycle Steps
- Giving of instructions and
i. Brief
preparatory information
ii. Analysis
- Describes and/or define the
iii. Synthesis
client’s requirements
iv. Proceed/Redo
ii. Analysis
v. Communication
- The careful examination of
elements involved in the design
V. Investigative
process
 “Each step in the Design Process is
- To identify key patterns,
based on the selective investigation
mechanisms and modeling
process on option of ideas and
conventions
solutions.” – Yehuda E. Kalay
 (1985) Redefining the Role of delivery process. Whether provided as an
Computers in Architecture integral part of professional architectural
 Investigative Steps services, as an additional service, or not
consciously provided by anyone,
programming takes place at one level or
another in the interaction of the client, users,
and the architect.”
 “Programming is the definitional stage of
design—the time to discover the nature of
the design problem, rather than the nature of
the design solution.”
----------------------------------------------------------------  “Architectural Programming is the first stage
Theory of Architecture 2 of the architectural design process in which
by AR. Chelsea Niz Par-ogan the relevant values of the client, user;
---------------------------------------------------------------- architect, and society are identified;
The Design Process and Construction Team important project goals are articulated; facts
about the project are uncovered; and facility
needs are made explicit.”
 Hershberger, R. (1996). Architectural
programming and predesign manager
United States of America: The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
 It follows then that: The architectural
program is the document in which the
identified values, goals, facts, and needs are
---------------------------------------------------------------- presented.
Design Process Steps  Programming is an essential part of the
overall architecture delivery process, which
I. Problem Statement can roughly be defined as having four
o Identify Client Needs + Preference + Set stages: programming, design, construction,
Goal (Function Requirement, Style & and occupancy. Between each stage is an
Meaning) appropriate time for evaluating the
II. Analysis effectiveness of the previous stage.
o Analysis: What exists? What is desired? ----------------------------------------------------------------
What is possible? Architectural Programming Steps
o Collect Information – Organize Data – 1. Establish GOALS
Interpret Data – Summarize Data – 2. Collect and analyze FACTS
Formulate Program 3. Uncover and test CONCEPTS
III. Synthesis 4. Determine NEEDS
o Develop Concept: brainstorm ideas, 5. State the PROBLEM
develop schematic designs ----------------------------------------------------------------
o Human Dimension Information Index Matrix/ Considerations
o Space Analysis: Relationship  Function
o Plan Arrangement  Form
 Economy
IV. Evaluation
 Time
o Assess Alternatives, Make Design
It includes GOALS and FACTS.
Decisions ----------------------------------------------------------------
V. Implementation Space Design and Circulation: Parts of the
o Develop and Refine Design House – Interrelationship of Different Spaces
o Implement Design ----------------------------------------------------------------
o Reevaluate Completed Design Circulation
----------------------------------------------------------------  “Circulation: movement through space.”
Architectural Programming – Francis DK Ching in Architecture:
 “Programming is the first, and perhaps the Form, Space & Order
most important, stage in the architecture
  In architecture, the concept of circulation Private Circulation
isn't so different - it refers to the way - accounts for the more intimate
people, the blood of our buildings, move movements within the building, or the
through space. uglier ones which require a degree of
 In particular, circulation routes are the privacy.
pathways people take through and - In a house this might be the back door,
around buildings or urban places. in a large building the back of house,
 The 'space between the spaces', having staff offices or storage zones.
a connective function, but it can be ----------------------------------------------------------------
much more than that. Designing Circulation
 It is the concept that captures the 1. Be clear and unobstructed.
experience of moving our bodies around 2. Follow the shortest distance between
a building, three-dimensionally and two points.
through time.
---------------------------------------------------------------- The reason for these two rules of thumb is fairly
Components of Circulation obvious: people want to be able to move around
 To simplify further, architects typically a building with ease and efficiency, and without
divide their thinking according to feeling or being lost.
different types of circulation, which
overlay with one another and the overall Similarly, circulation doesn't necessarily have to
planning. follow the shortest distance between two points.
 Direction of movement: horizontal or Rather, it can take into account the sequence of
vertical; spaces, thresholds, and atmospheres
 Type of use: public or private, front of encountered through movement, which prepare
house or back of house; you for the transition from one space to the next.
 Frequency of use: common or Circulation can be choreographed, to add
emergency; and architectural interest.
 Time of use: morning, day, evening, ----------------------------------------------------------------
continuous. Circulation Diagrams
----------------------------------------------------------------
Direction of Movement Bubble Diagrams
Architectural bubble diagrams are
Horizontal sketches that help architects identify the
- might include hallways, atria, paths, areas of the home that will be included
entries and exits. It is also affected by in the drawings. These diagrams are
the furniture layout, or other objects in used at the preliminary phase of the
the space such as columns, trees, or design process and are used for space
topographic changes. planning and organization.

Vertical Interrelationship Diagram

- this is how people move up and down A schematic diagram showing the
within the building, so includes things relationship of the different spaces and
like stairs, lifts, ramps, ladders and their closeness or adjacency to each
escalators which allow us to move from other. This can also be shown in the
one level to another. bubble diagrams at the same time.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Types of Circulation Matrix Diagram
is a tool that allows a team to identify the
Public Circulation presence and strengths of relationships
- is the areas of the building which are between two or more lists of items. It
most widely and easily accessible. provides a compact way of representing
- In this guise, circulation is often many-to-many relationships of varying
overlapped with other functions. strengths.
- Issues of visibility, how crowds move, In planning spaces, the ‘adjacency’ of
and clear escape paths are key. areas is being considered when creating
a matrix diagram of the areas.
----------------------------------------------------------------