3-44 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

10. Wit h t he st ream icon visible, release t he left m ouse but t on. UniSim
Design creat es a new st ream wit h t he default nam e 1 .
11. Place t he cursor over t he bot t om right connect ion point on t he
react or labeled ‘Liquid Product ’, t hen click and drag t o t he right t o
creat e t he react or ’s liquid pr oduct st ream . The new st ream is given
t he default nam e 2 .
I f you m ake an incorrect 12. Place t he cursor over t he bot t om left connect ion point on t he react or
connect ion, break t he labeled ‘Energy St ream ’, t hen click and drag down and t o t he left t o
connect ion and t ry
again. creat e t he react or ’s energy st ream . The new st ream is aut om at ically
1. Click t he Br e a k nam ed Q- 1 0 0 .
Con n e ct ion icon on The r e a ct or st ill displays a red warning st at us, indicat ing t hat all
t he PFD t ool bar.
necessary connect ions have been m ade, but t he at t ached st ream s
2. Place t he cursor over
t he st ream line you
are not ent irely known.
want t o break. The
cursor shows a Figu r e 3 .6 5
checkm ark,
indicat ing an
available connect ion
t o break.
3. Click once t o break
t he connect ion.

13. Click t he At t a ch M ode icon again t o ret urn t o M ove m ode.

14. Double- click t he st ream icon 1 t o open it s propert y view.
15. I n t he St r e a m N a m e cell, ent er t he new nam e Re a ct or Ve nt , t hen
close t he propert y view.
16. Double- click t he st ream 2 icon. Renam e t his st ream Re a ct or
Pr ods, t hen close t he propert y view.
17. Double- click t he Q- 1 0 0 icon, renam e it Coola nt , t hen close t he
view.
The react or out let and energy st ream s are unknown at t his point , so
t hey are light blue and purple, respect ively.

Com pleting the Reactor Specifications

1. Double- click t he CSTR- 1 0 0 icon t o open it s propert y view.
2. Click t he D e sign t ab, t hen select t he Con n e ct ions page ( if
required) . The nam es of t he I n le t , Ou t le t , and Ene r gy st ream s
t hat w ere at t ached before appear in t he appr opriat e cells.

3- 44
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-45

3. I n t he N a m e cell, change t he operat ion n a m e t o Re a ct or.

Figu r e 3 .6 6

4. Select t he Pa r a m e t e r s page. For now, t he D e lt a P and t he

Volu m e pa r a m e t e r s are accept able at t he default values.
5. Select t he Coolin g radio but t on. This r eact ion is exot herm ic
( produces heat ) , so cooling is required.

Figu r e 3 .6 7

6. Click t he Re a ct ions t ab. Next you will at t ach t he React ion Set t hat
you creat ed in t he Basis Environm ent .

3- 45
3-46 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

7. From t he Re a ct ion Se t drop- down list , select Se t - 1 . The

com plet ed Re a ct ion s t ab appears below.

Figu r e 3 .6 8

The next t ask is t o specify t he Ve sse l Pa r a m e t e r s. I n t his Tut orial,

t he react or has a volum e of 280 ft 3 and is 85% full.
8. Click t he D yn a m ics t ab, t hen select t he Spe cs page.
9. I n t he Model Det ails group, click in t he Ve sse l Volu m e cell. Type
2 8 0 ( ft 3) , t hen press EN TER.
10. I n t he Liq Volu m e Pe r ce n t cell, t ype 8 5 , t hen pr ess EN TER.
UniSim Design aut om at ically calculat es t he Liqu id Volu m e in t he
vessel ( 280 ft 3 x 85% full = 238 ft 3) , displayed on t he Pa r a m e t e r s
page of t he D e sign t ab.

Figu r e 3 .6 9

3- 46
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-47

11. Click on t he W or k sh e e t t ab.

Figu r e 3 .7 0

At t his point , t he Re a ct or product st ream s and t he energy st ream

Coola n t are unknown because t he Re a ct or has one degree of
fr eedom . At t his point , eit her t he out let st ream t em perat ur e or t he
cooling dut y can be specified. For t his exam ple, you will specify t he
out let t em perat ure.
I nit ially t he Re a ct or is assum ed t o be operat ing at isot herm al
condit ions, t herefore t he out let t em perat ure is equivalent t o t he
feed t em perat ure, 75°F.
12. I n t he React or Prods colum n, click in t he Te m pe r a t ur e cell. Type
75, t hen press EN TER. UniSim Design solves t he React or.

Figu r e 3 .7 1

There is no phase change in t he React or under isot herm al

condit ions since t he flow of t he vapour product st ream Re a ct or

3- 47
3-48 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

Ve n t is zero. I n addit ion, t he requir ed cooling dut y has been

calculat ed and is represent ed by t he Heat Flow of t he Coola n t
st ream . The next st ep is t o exam ine t he React or conversion as a
funct ion of t em perat ure.
13. Click t he Re a ct ion s t ab, t hen select t he Re su lt s page. The
conversion appears in t he React or Result s Sum m ary t able.

Figu r e 3 .7 2

Under t he current condit ions, t he Act ual Percent Conversion ( Act .%

Cn v.) in t he React or is 40.3% . You will adj ust t he Re a ct or
t em perat ure unt il t he conversion is in t he 85- 95% range.
14. Click t he W or k sh e e t t ab.
15. I n t he React or Prods colum n, change t he Te m pe r a t u r e t o 1 0 0 °F .
16. Ret urn t o t he Re a ct ion s t ab t o check t he conversion, which has
increased t o 72.28% as shown below.

Figu r e 3 .7 3

17. Ret urn t o t he W or k sh e e t t ab, and change t he Te m pe r a t u r e of

Re a ct or Pr ods t o 1 4 0 °F.

3- 48
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-49

18. Click t he Re a ct ion s t ab again and check t he conversion. The

conversion at 140°F is appr oxim at ely 95% , which is accept able.

Figu r e 3 .7 4

19. Close t he Re a ct or propert y view.

I nstalling the Colum n

UniSim Design has a num ber of pre- built colum n t em plat es t hat you
can inst all and cust om ize by changing at t ached st ream nam es, num ber
of st ages, and default specificat ions. For t his exam ple, a D ist illa t ion
Colu m n will be inst alled.
1. Before inst alling t he colum n, click t he Tools m enu and select
Pr e fe r e nce s.
Dist illat ion Colum n I con 2. On t he Sim u la t ion t ab, click on t he Opt ions page and ensure t hat
t he Use I n pu t Ex pe r t s checkbox is select ed ( checked) , t hen close
t he view.
3. Double- click t he D ist illa t ion Colu m n icon on t he Obj e ct Pa le t t e .
The I n pu t Ex pe r t is a
logical sequence of input The first page of t he I n pu t Ex pe r t appears.
views t hat guide you
t hrough t he init ial
inst allat ion of a Colum n. Figu r e 3 .7 5
Com plet e t he st eps t o
ensure t hat you have
provided t he m inim um
am ount of inform at ion
required t o define t he
colum n.
The I n pu t Ex pe r t is a
Modal view, indicat ed by
t he absence of t he
Maxim ize/ Minim ize
icons. You cannot exit or
m ove out side t he Expert
unt il you supply t he
necessary inform at ion,
or click t he Ca n ce l
but t on.

4. For t his exam ple, 10 t heoret ical st ages are used, so leave t he #
St a ge s at it s default value.
5. I n t he I nlet St ream s t able, click in t he < < St r e a m > > cell.

3- 49
3-50 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

6. From t he dr op- down list of available inlet st ream s, select Re a ct or

When you inst all a colum n Pr ods as t he feed st ream t o t he colum n. UniSim Design supplies a
using a pre- built t em plat e,
UniSim Design supplies
default feed locat ion in t he m iddle of t he Tray Sect ion ( TS) , in t his
cert ain default case st age 5 ( indicat ed by 5 _ M a in TS) .
inform at ion, such as t he
num ber of st ages. The #
7. I n t he Con de nse r group, ensure t he Pa r t ia l radio but t on is
St a ge s field cont ains 1 0 select ed, as t he colum n will have bot h Vapour and Liquid Overhead
( default num ber of Out let s.
st ages) . Not e t he
following: 8. I n t he Colu m n N a m e field, change t he nam e t o Tow e r.
• These are t heoret ical 9. I n t he Con de n se r Ene r gy St r e a m field, t ype CondDut y, t hen press
st ages, as t he
UniSim Design EN TER.
default st age
efficiency is one. 10. I n t he t op Ovh d Out le t s field, t ype OvhdVap, t hen press EN TER.
• The Condenser and I n t he bot t om Ovh d Out le t s field, t ype RecyProds, t hen press
Reboiler are
considered separat e EN TER.
from t he ot her
st ages, and are not 11. I n t he Re boile r En e r gy St r e a m field, t ype RebDut y, t hen press
included in t he #
St a ge s. EN TER.
12. I n t he Bot t om s Liqu id Ou t le t field, t ype Glycol, t hen press
EN TER.

When you are finished, t he N e x t but t on becom es act ive, indicat ing
sufficient inform at ion has been supplied t o advance t o t he next
page of t he I n pu t Ex pe r t . Th e fir st pa ge of t h e I n pu t Ex pe r t
sh ou ld a ppe a r a s sh ow n in t h e follow in g figu r e .

Figu r e 3 .7 6

13. Click t he N e x t but t on t o advance t o t he Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile page.

14. I n t he Con de n se r Pr e ssu r e field, ent er 15 psia.
15. I n t he Re boile r Pr e ssu r e field, ent er 17 psia.

3- 50
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-51

Leave t he Con de n se r Pr e ssu r e D r op at it s default value of zero.

Figu r e 3 .7 7

Alt hough UniSim Design 16. Click t he N e x t but t on t o advance t o t he Opt ion a l Est im a t e s page.
does not require For t his exam ple, no est im at es are required.
est im at es t o produce a
converged colum n, you 17. Click t he N e x t but t on t o advance t o t he fourt h and final page of t he
should provide est im at es I nput Expert . This page allows you t o supply values for t he default
for colum ns t hat are
difficult t o converge. colum n specificat ions t hat UniSim Design has cr eat ed.
I n general, a D ist illa t ion Colu m n has t hree default specificat ions.
The overhead V a pour Ra t e and Re flu x Ra t io will be used as
act ive specificat ions, and lat er you will creat e a glycol purit y
specificat ion t o exhaust t he t hird degree of freedom . The t hird
default specificat ion, overhead Liqu id Ra t e , will not be used.
The Flow Ba sis applies 18. I n t he Va pou r Ra t e field, ent er 0 lbm ole/ hr.
t o t he Va pou r Ra t e , so
leave it at t he default of 19. I n t h e Re flu x Ra t io field, ent er 1 .0 .
M ola r .
Figu r e 3 .7 8

3- 51
3-52 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

20. Click t he D on e but t on. The Colu m n propert y view appears.

21. On t he D e sign t ab, select t he M on it or page.

Figu r e 3 .7 9

You can also change

specificat ion values, The Monit or page displays t he st at us of your colum n as it is being
and act ivat e or de-
act ivat e specificat ions calculat ed, updat ing inform at ion wit h each it erat ion.
used by t he Colum n
solver direct ly from t he
M on it or page.
Adding a Colum n Specification
The current Degrees of Freedom is zero, indicat ing t he colum n is ready
t o be run, however, t he Dist illat e Rat e ( Overhead Liquid Rat e for which
no value was pr ovided in t he I nput Expert ) is current ly an Act ive
specificat ion wit h a Specified Value of < em pt y> . For t his exam ple, you
will specify a wat er m ole fract ion of 0.005 in t he Glycol product st ream .
1. Since it is not desirable t o use t his specificat ion, clear t he Act ive
checkbox for t he Dist illat e Rat e. The Degrees of Fr eedom increases
t o 1, indicat ing t hat anot her act ive specificat ion is required.
2. On t he D e sign t ab, select t he Spe cs page.
3. I n t he Colu m n Spe cifica t ion s gr oup, click t he Add but t on. The
Add Spe cs view appears.
4. Select Colu m n Com pon e n t Fr a ct ion as t he Spe cifica t ion Type .

3- 52
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-53

5. Click t he Add Spe c( s) but t on. The Com p Frac Spec view appears.

Figu r e 3 .8 0

6. I n t he N a m e cell, change t he nam e t o H 2 O Fr a ct ion.

7. I n t he St a ge cell, select Re boile r from t he drop- down list .

Figu r e 3 .8 1

8. I n t he Spe c V a lu e cell, ent er 0 .0 0 5 as t he liquid m ole fract ion

specificat ion value.
9. I n t he Com ponent s list , click in t he first cell labeled
< < Com pone nt > > , t hen select H2O from t he drop- dow n list of
available com ponent s.

Figu r e 3 .8 2

3- 53
3-54 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

10. Close t his view t o ret urn t o t he Colum n proper t y view. The new
specificat ion appears in t he Colu m n Spe cifica t ion s list on t he
Spe cs page.
11. Ret urn t o t he M on it or page, where t he new specificat ion appears at
t he bot t om of t he Specificat ions list .
I f you want t o view 12. Click t he Gr ou p Act ive but t on t o bring t he new specificat ion t o t he
t he ent ire t op of t he list , direct ly under t he ot her Act ive specificat ions.
Spe cifica t ions t able,
re- size t he view by
clicking and dragging Figu r e 3 .8 3
it s bot t om border.

UniSim Design The D e gr e e s of Fr e e dom has ret urned t o zero, so t he colum n is

aut om at ically m ade t he ready t o be calculat ed.
new specificat ion Act ive
when you creat ed it .

Running the Colum n

1. Click t he Run but t on t o begin calculat ions, and t he inform at ion
displayed on t he page is updat ed w it h each it erat ion. The colum n

3- 54
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-55

converges quickly, in five it erat ions.

Figu r e 3 .8 4

The converged t em perat ure profile appears in t he upper right

corner of t he view.
2. Select t he Pr e ss or Flow s radio but t on t o view t he pressure or flow
profiles.
3. To access a m ore det ailed st age sum m ary, click t he Pe r for m a n ce
t ab, t hen select t he Colu m n Pr ofile s page.

Figu r e 3 .8 5

3- 55
3-56 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

Accessing the Colum n Sub-flowsheet

When considering t he colum n, you m ight want t o focus only on t he
colum n sub- flowsheet . You can do t his by ent ering t he colum n
environm ent .
PFD I con 1. Click t he Colu m n En v ir on m e n t but t on at t he bot t om of t he
propert y view. While inside t he colum n environm ent , you can do t he
following:
• View t he colum n sub- flowsheet PFD by clicking t he PFD icon.
Workbook I con • View a Workbook of t he colum n sub- flowsheet obj ect s by
clicking t he W or k book icon.
• Access t he " inside" colum n pro pert y view by clicking t he
Colu m n Run n e r icon. This propert y view is essent ially t he
sam e as t he " out side" , or Main Flowsheet , propert y view of t he
Colum n Runner colum n.
I con
The colum n sub- flowsheet PFD and W or k book appear in t he
following figures.

Figu r e 3 .8 6

3- 56
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-57

Figu r e 3 .8 7

2. When you are finished in t he colum n environm ent , ret urn t o t he

Main Flowsheet by clicking t he En t e r Pa r e n t Sim u la t ion
Envir onm e n t icon.
Ent er Parent Sim ulat ion 3. Open t he PFD for t he Main Flowsheet and select Au t o Posit ion All
Environm ent I con from t he PFD m enu. UniSim Design arranges your PFD in a logical
m anner.

Moving Objects and Labels in a PFD

The PFD below has been cust om ized by m oving som e of t he st ream
icons. To m ove an icon, sim ply click and drag it t o t he new locat ion.

You can also m ove a st ream or operat ion label ( nam e) .

1. Right- click on t he label you want t o m ove.
2. From t he m enu t hat appears, select M ove / Size La be l. A box
appears around t he label.
3. Click and drag t he label t o a new locat ion, or use t he arrow keys t o
m ove it .

Figu r e 3 .8 8

3- 57
3-58 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

3.2.8 Viewing Results

1. Click t he W or k book icon t o access t he calculat ed result s for t he
Main Flowsheet .
The Mat erial St ream s t ab and Com posit ions t ab of t he Workbook
appears below.

Figu r e 3 .8 9

Using the Object Navigator

I f you want t o view t he calculat ed propert ies of a part icular st ream or
operat ion, you can use t he Obj e ct N a viga t or t o quickly access t he
propert y view for any st ream or unit operat ion at any t im e during t he
sim ulat ion.
1. To open t he Navigat or, do one of t he following:
Obj ect Navigat or I con • Click t he Obj e ct N a viga t or icon.
• PressF3 .

3- 58
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-59

• From t he Flowsheet m enu, select Fin d Obj e ct .

• Double- click on any blank space on t he UniSim Design Deskt op.
You can cont rol which The Obj e ct N a viga t or view appears.
obj ect s appear by
select ing a different Filt er
Figu r e 3 .9 0
radio but t on. For
exam ple, t o list all
st ream s and unit
operat ions, select t he All
but t on.

The Unit Ops radio but t on in t he Filt er group is current ly select ed, so
only t he Unit Operat ions appear in t he list of obj ect s.
2. To open a propert y view, select t he operat ion in t he list , t hen click
t he View but t on or double- click on t he operat ion nam e.
3. You can also search for an obj ect by clicking t he Find but t on.
You can st art or end t he 4. When t he Find Obj ect view appears, ent er t he obj ect nam e, t hen
search st ring wit h an
ast erisk ( * ) , which act s as
click t he OK but t on. UniSim Design opens t he propert y view for t he
a wildcard charact er. This obj ect you specified
let s you find m ult iple
obj ect s wit h one search.
For exam ple, searching for
VLV* will open t he Using the Databook
propert y view for all
obj ect s wit h VLV at t he The UniSim Design Dat abook provides you wit h a convenient way t o
beginning of t heir nam e.
exam ine your flowsheet in m ore det ail. You can use t he D a t a book t o
m onit or key variables under a variet y of process scenarios, and view
t he result s in a t abular or graphical form at .
1. Before opening t he D a t a book , close t he Obj e ct N a viga t or and
any propert y views you m ight have opened using t he Navigat or.
2. To open t he D a t a book , do one of t he following:
• PressCTRL D.
• From t he Tools m enu, select D a t a book .

3- 59
3-60 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

The D a t a book view appears.

Figu r e 3 .9 1

To edit any of t he The first t ask is t o add key variables t o t he D a t a book . For t his
Obj ect s in t he
exam ple, t he effect s of t he Re a ct or t em perat ure on t he Re a ct or
Dat abook:
1. Select t he Obj ect
cooling dut y and Glycol pr oduct ion rat e will be exam ined.
you want t o edit . 3. On t he Va r ia ble s t ab, click t he I n se r t but t on. The Variable
2. Click t he Edit Navigat or appears.
but t on.
4. I n t he Obj e ct Filt e r group, select t he Un it Ops radio but t on. The
Obj e ct list is filt ered t o show unit operat ions only.
5. I n t he Obj ect list , select Re a ct or. The variables available for t he
React or obj ect appear in t he Var iable list .
The Variable Navigat or is 6. I n t he Variable list , select Ve sse l Te m pe r a t u r e . Vessel
used ext ensively in Tem perat ur e appears in t he Va r ia ble D e scr ipt ion field. You can
UniSim Design for
locat ing and select ing
edit t he default variable descript ion.
variables. The Navigat or
operat es in a left- t o- right Figu r e 3 .9 2
m anner—t he select ed
Flowsheet det erm ines
t he Obj ect list , t he
chosen Obj ect dict at es
t he Variable list , and t he
select ed Variable
det erm ines whet her any
Variable Specifics are
available.

3- 60
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-61

7. I n t he Va r ia ble D e scr ipt ion field, renam e t he variable Re a ct or

Te m p, t hen click t he OK but t on. The variable now appears in t he
D a t a book .

Figu r e 3 .9 3

8. To add t he next variable, click t he I n se r t but t on. The Variable

Navigat or appears.
9. I n t he Obj ect Filt er group, select t he St r e a m s radio but t on. The
Obj ect list is filt ered t o show st ream s only.
10. I n t he Obj ect list , select Coola n t in t he Obj ect list . The variables
available for t his st ream appear in t he Variable list .
11. I n t he Variable list , select Heat Flow.

Figu r e 3 .9 4

12. I n t he Va r ia ble D e scr ipt ion field, change t he descript ion t o

Coolin g D u t y, t hen click t he Add but t on. The variable now appears
in t he D a t a book and t he Variable Navigat or view rem ains open.
13. I n t he Obj ect list , select Glycol. I n t he Variable list , select Liq Vol
Flow @St d Con d. Change t he V a r ia ble D e scr ipt ion for t his
variable t o Glycol Pr odu ct ion , t hen click t he Add but t on.

3- 61
3-62 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

14. Click t he Close but t on t o ret urn t o t he Dat abook view. The
com plet ed Va r ia ble s t ab of t he D a t a book appears below.

Figu r e 3 .9 5

Now t hat t he key variables have been added t o t he D a t a book , t he

next t ask is t o cr eat e a dat a t able in which t o display t hese
variables.
15. Click t he Pr oce ss D a t a Ta ble s t ab.
The t hree variables t hat 16. I n t he Available Pr oce ss D a t a Ta ble s group, click t he Add but t on.
you added t o t he UniSim Design creat es a new t able wit h t he default nam e
Dat abook appear in t he ProcDat a1.
t able on t his t ab.

Figu r e 3 .9 6

17. I n t he Pr oce ss D a t a Ta ble field, change t he nam e t o Ke y

Va r ia ble s.

3- 62
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-63

18. I n t he Show colum n, act ivat e each variable by clicking on t he

corresponding checkbox.

Figu r e 3 .9 7

19. Click t he V ie w but t on t o view t he new dat a t able.

Figu r e 3 .9 8

This t able will be accessed again lat er t o dem onst rat e how it s
result s are updat ed whenever a flowsheet change is m ade.
20. For now, click t he M in im ize icon in t he upper right corner of t he
Ke y V a r ia ble s D a t a view. UniSim Design reduces t he view t o an
icon and places it at t he bot t om of t he Deskt op.
Before you m ake changes t o t he flowsheet , you will record t he
current values of t he key variables. I nst ead of m anually recording
t he variables, you can use t he D a t a Re cor de r t o aut om at ically
record t hem for you.
21. Click t he D a t a Re cor de r t ab in t he D a t a book .

Figu r e 3 .9 9

3- 63
3-64 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

When using t he D a t a Re cor de r, you first creat e a Sce n a r io

cont aining one or m ore of t he key variables, t hen record t he
variables in t heir current st at e.
22. I n t he Av a ila ble Sce n a r ios group, click t he Add but t on. UniSim
Design creat es a new scenario wit h t he default nam e Scenario 1.
23. I n t he Dat a Recorder Dat a Sect ion group, act ivat e each variable by
clicking on t he corresponding I n clu de checkbox.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 0

24. Click t he Re cor d but t on t o record t he variables in t heir current

st at e. The N e w Solve d St a t e view appears, prom pt ing you for t he
nam e of t he new st at e.
25. I n t he N a m e for N e w St a t e field, change t he nam e t o Ba se Ca se ,
t hen click OK. You ret urn t o t he D a t a book .
26. I n t he Available Display group, select t he Ta ble radio but t on, t hen
click t he V ie w but t on. The D a t a Re cor de r vie w appears, showing
t he values of t he key variables in t heir current st at e.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 1

3- 64
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-65

Now you can m ake t he necessary flowsheet changes and t hese

current values r em ain as a perm anent record in t he Dat a Recor der
unless you choose t o erase t hem .
27. Click t he M in im iz e icon on t he D a t a Re cor de r view.
28. Click t he Re st or e Up icon on t he Ke y V a r ia ble s D a t a t it le bar
t o rest ore t he view t o it s regular size.
Next , you will change t he t em perat ure of st ream Re a ct or Pr ods
( w hich det erm ines t he Re a ct or t em perat ure) , t hen view t he
changes in t he process dat a t able
29. Click t he Obj e ct N a viga t or icon in t he t oolbar.
30. I n t he Filt er group, select t he St r e a m s radio but t on.
Obj ect Navigat or 31. I n t he St ream s list , select Re a ct or Pr ods, t hen click t he V ie w
I con but t on. The Re a ct or Pr ods pr opert y view appears.
32. Ensure you are on t he W or k sh e e t t ab, Con dit ion s page of t he
propert y view.
33. Arrange t he React or Prods and Key Variables Dat a views so you can
see t hem bot h.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 2

Current ly, t he React or t em perat ure is 140°F. The ke y variables will

be checked at 180°F.

3- 65
3-66 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

34. I n t he React or Prods propert y view, change t he value in t he

Te m pe r a t u r e cell t o 180. UniSim Design aut om at ically recalculat es
t he flowsheet . The new result s appears below.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 3

As a result of t he change, t he requir ed cooling dut y decreased and

t he glycol product ion rat e increased.
35. Click t he Close but t on on t he Re a ct or Pr ods st ream propert y view
t o ret urn t o t he D a t a book . You can now recor d t he key variables in
t heir new st at e.
36. Click on t he D a t a Re cor de r t ab in t he D a t a book .
37. Click t he Re cor d but t on. The New Solved St at e view appears.
38. I n t he N a m e for N e w St a t e field, change t he nam e t o 1 8 0 F
Re a ct or, t hen click t he OK but t on.
39. I n t he Available Display group, click t he V ie w but t on. The D a t a
Re cor de r appears, displaying t he new values of t he variables.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 4

3- 66
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-67

40. Close t he D a t a Re cor de r view, t hen t he D a t a book vie w , and

finally t he Ke y Va r ia ble s D a t a vie w .
This com plet es t he UniSim Design Chem icals St eady St at e
Sim ulat ion t ut orial. I f t here are any aspect s of t his case t hat you
would like t o explore furt her, feel free t o cont inue working on t his
sim ulat ion on your own.

Further Study
For ot her chem ical case exam ples, see t he Applicat ions sect ion.
Applicat ions beginning wit h “ C” explore som e of t he t ypes of chem ical
sim ulat ions t hat can be built using UniSim Design.

3.3 Dynam ic Sim ulation

A com plet ed dynam ic case
has been pre- built and is
I n t his t ut orial, t he dynam ic capabilit ies of UniSim Design will be
locat ed in t he file incorporat ed int o a basic st eady st at e chem icals m odel. I n t he st eady
dyn TUT3 .u sc in your st at e sim ulat ion, a cont inuously- st irred t ank react or ( CSTR) convert ed
UniSim Design\ Sam ples
direct ory. propylene oxide and wat er int o propylene glycol. The react or product s
were t hen fed int o a dist illat ion t ower where t he glycol pr oduct was
recovered in t he t ower bot t om s.

This t ut orial follows t hese The dynam ic sim ulat ion will t ake t he st eady st at e CSTR sim ulat ion case
basic st eps for set t ing up a
dynam ic sim ulat ion case: and convert it int o dynam ic m ode. I f you have not built t he sim ulat ion
1. Obt ain a sim plified for t he st eady st at e sim ulat ion, you can open t he pre- built case
st eady st at e m odel t o included wit h your UniSim Design package.
be convert ed t o
dynam ic m ode.
A flowsheet of t he com plet ed dynam ic sim ulat ion is shown in t he figur e
2. Use t he Dynam ic
Assist ant t o set
below.
pressure- flow
specificat ions, m odify Figu r e 3 .1 0 5
t he flowsheet t opology,
and size t he
equipm ent .
3. Modify t he React or vent
st ream t o account for
reverse flow condit ions.
4. Set up t em perat ure and
level cont rollers around
and in t he React or
vessel.
5. Set up t he Dat abook.
Make changes t o key
variables in t he process
and observe t he
dynam ic behaviour of Only t he CSTR react or will be convert ed t o dynam ic m ode. The Colum n
t he m odel. operat ion will be delet ed from t he sim ulat ion flowsheet .

3- 67
3-68 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

The Dynam ics Assist ant will be used t o m ake pressure- flow
specificat ions, m odify t he flowsheet t opology, and size pieces of
equipm ent in t he sim ulat ion flowsheet . This is only on e m et hod of
preparing a st eady st at e case for dynam ic m ode. I t is also possible t o
set your own pressure- flow specificat ions and size t he equipm ent
wit hout t he aid of t he Dynam ic Assist ant .

3.3.1 Sim plifying the Steady State

Flowsheet
The dist illat ion colum n in t he Chem icals Tut orial will be delet ed in t his
sect ion.
1. Open t he pre- built case file TUTOR3 .u sc locat ed in your UniSim
Design\ Sam ples direct ory ( if you are not cont inuing fr om t he St eady
St at e Sim ulat ion sect ion of t his t ut orial) .
2. From t he Tools m enu, select Pr e fe r e n ce s.
3. Click t he V a r ia ble s t ab, t hen select t he Unit s page.
4. I n t he Available Unit Set s group, select Field. Close t he Session
Preferences view.
5. From t he File m enu, select Sa v e As.
Save t he case as D yn TUT3 - 1 .u sc.
When you delet e a 6. Delet e all m at erial st ream s and unit operat ions dow nst r eam of t he
st ream , unit or logical React or Prods st ream . The following 6 it em s should be delet ed:
operat ion from t he
flowsheet , UniSim
Design will ask you t o M a t e r ia l St r e a m s En e r gy St r e a m s Un it Ope r a t ion s
confirm t he delet ion. To
delet e t he obj ect , click Ovhd Vap CondDut y Tower
t he Ye s but t on. I f not , Re cyPr ods RebDut y
click t he N o but t on. Glycol

7. The st eady st at e sim ulat ion case should solve wit h t he delet ion of
t he above it em s. The PFD for t he dynam ic t ut orial should appear as
shown below.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 6

Before ent ering dynam ics, t he pressure specificat ion on t he Wat er

Feed st ream should be rem oved so t hat t he MI X- 100 unit operat ion
can calculat e it s pressure based on t he Prop Oxide st ream

3- 68
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-69

specificat ion.
8. Double- click t he Wat er Feed st ream icon t o open it s propert y view.
9. On t he Con dit ion s page of t he W or k sh e e t t ab, click in t he
Pr e ssu r e cell, t hen pr ess D ELETE.
10. Close t he Wat er Feed st ream propert y view.
11. Double- click t he MI X- 100 icon t o open it s propert y view.
12. Click t he D e sign t ab, t hen select t he Pa r a m e t e r s page.
13. I n t he Aut om at ic Pressure Assignm ent gr oup, select t he Equ a lize
All radio but t on. UniSim Design solves for t he st ream and m ixer
operat ion.
14. Close t he m ixer propert y view.
15. Save t he case.

3.3.2 Using the Dynam ics

Assistant
The Dynam ics Assist ant m akes recom m endat ions as t o how t he
flowsheet t opology should change and w hat pressure- flow
specificat ions are required in order t o run a case in dynam ic m ode. I n
addit ion, it aut om at ically set s t he sizing param et ers of t he equipm ent
in t he sim ulat ion flowsheet . Not all t he suggest ions t he Dynam ics
Assist ant offers need t o be followed.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 7

The Dynam ics Assist ant will be used t o do t he following:

• Add Pr essure Flow specificati ons t o t he sim ulat ion case.
• Add Valves t o t he Boundary Feed and Product st reams.
• Size t he Valve, Vessel, and Heat Exchange operat ions.

3- 69
3-70 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

For t his t ut orial, t he Session Pr eferences will be set so t hat t he

Dynam ics Assist ant will not m anipulat e t he dynam ic specificat ions.
1. Open t he Tools m enu and select Pr e fe r e n ce s. The Session
Preferences view appears.
2. Click t he Sim u la t ion t ab, t hen select t he D yn a m ics page.
3. Ensure t hat t he Se t dyn a m ic st r e a m spe cifica t ion s in t h e
ba ck gr ou n d checkbox is cleared.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 8

4. Close t he Session Preference view, t hen close all open views on t he

UniSim Design deskt op except for t he PFD view.
Next , you will init iat e t he Dynam ics Assist ant t o evaluat e t he
specificat ions r equired t o run in dynam ic sim ulat ion.
5. Click t he D yn a m ics Assist a n t icon. Browse t hrough each t ab in t he
Dynam ic Assist ant view t o inspect t he recom m endat ions.
Dynam ic Assist ant All recom m endat ions in t he Dynam ic Assist ant will be im plem ent ed
icon
by default unless you deact ivat e t hem . You can choose which
recom m endat ions will be execut ed by t he Dynam ic Assist ant by
act ivat ing or deact ivat ing t he OK checkboxes beside each
recom m endat ion.

Figu r e 3 .1 0 9

An Act ive recom m endat ion will

be im plem ent ed by t he Dynam ic
Assist ant .

An I n a ct ive recom m endat ion will

not be im plem ent ed by t he
Dynam ic Assist ant .

3- 70
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-71

6. Click t he St r e a m s t ab. The St ream s t ab cont ains a list of

recom m endat ions regarding t he set t ing or rem oving of pr essure-
flow specificat ions in t he flowsheet .

Figu r e 3 .1 1 0

7. For each page in t he St r e a m s t ab, act ivat e or deact ivat e t he

following recom m endat ions.

Pa ge Re com m e n da t ion St r e a m OK Ch e ck box

Pr e ssu r e Re m ove Pr e ssu r e Prop Oxide Act ive
Spe cs Spe cifica t ion s
Flow Spe cs Re m ove Flow Prop Oxide Act ive
Spe cifica t ion s
Wat er Feed Act ive
I n se r t Va lve s I n se r t Va lve s Prop Oxide Act ive
React or Prods Act ive
React or Vent I nact ive
Wat er Feed Act ive

The Dynam ics Assist ant will insert valves on all t he boundary flow
st ream s except t he React or Vent st ream . This recom m endat ion was
deact ivat ed since it is assum ed t hat t he CSTR react or is exposed t o
t he open air. Therefore, t he pr essure of t he react or is const ant . A
const ant pressure can be m odeled in t he CSTR react or by set t ing
t he React or Vent st r eam wit h a pressure specificat ion. A valve
should not be insert ed on t his st ream .
8. Click t he M a k e Cha nge s but t on once only. All t he act ive
suggest ions in t he Dynam ics Assist ant are im plem ent ed. Close t he
Dynam ics Assist ant view.
9. Swit ch t o Dynam ic m ode by pressing t he D yn a m ic M ode icon.
When asked if you want t o resolve t he dynam ics assist ant it em s
before m oving int o dynam ics, click t he N o but t on.
Dynam ic Mode
I con Since t he suggest ion t o insert a valve on t he React or Vent st ream
was deact ivat ed, you m ust set a pressure specificat ion on t his

3- 71
3-72 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

st ream .
10. Double- click t he React or Vent st ream icon in t he PFD. The propert y
view appears.
11. Click t he D yn a m ics t ab, t hen select t he Spe cs page.
12. I n t he Pr essure Specificat ion group, click in t he Act ive checkbox t o
act ivat e t he specificat ion.
13. Close t he React or Vent st ream propert y view.

I n or de r for t h e CSTR t o ope r a t e in st e a dy st a t e a n d dyna m ic

m ode , t h e ve sse l m ust be spe cifie d w it h a volum e . Since t he
D yn a m ic Assist a n t de t e ct e d t h a t a volu m e w a s a lr e a dy
spe cifie d for t h e CSTR r e a ct or , it did n ot a t t e m pt t o size it .

14. The PFD for t he dynam ic t ut orial ( before t he addit ion of t he

cont rollers) should look like t he following figur e.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 1

15. Save t he case as D yn TUT3 - 2 .u sc.

3.3.3 Modeling a CSTR Open to

the Atm osphere
The CSTR react or is open t o t he at m osphere and t he liquid level of t he
react or can change in dynam ic m ode. This m eans t hat t he vapour space
in t he liquid react or also varies wit h t he changing liquid level. I n order
t o m odel t his effect , t he React or Vent st ream was set wit h a const ant
pressure specificat ion. However, one addit ional m odificat ion t o t he
React or Vent st ream is required.

Since t he liquid level in t he CSTR can m ove up and down, regular and
reverse flow can be expect ed in t he React or Vent st ream . When vapour
exit s t he r eact or vessel ( r egular flow) , t he com posit ion of t he React or
Vent st ream is calculat ed from t he exist ing vapour in t he vessel. When
vapour ent ers t he vessel ( reverse flow) , t he com posit ion of t he vapour
st ream from t he at m osphere m ust be defined by t he Product Block
at t ached t o t he React or Vent st ream . I t is t herefore necessary t o
specify t he Product Block com posit ion.

3- 72
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-73

The original st eady st at e Chem icals t ut orial used a Fluid Package which
did not include any inert gases. Therefore, it is now necessary t o ret urn
t o t he Sim ulat ion Basis Manager and add t he required com ponent s t o
t he Fluid Package.
1. Click t he En t e r Ba sis En vir on m e n t icon. The Sim ulat ion Basis
Manager view appears.
The Sim ulat ion Basis Manager allows you t o creat e, m odify, and
Ent er Basis Environm ent
icon ot herwise m anipulat e Fluid Packages in t he sim ulat ion case.
2. Click t he Fluid Pk gs t ab. I n t he Current Fluid Packages gr oup, t he
Fluid Package associat ed w it h t he Chem ical Tut orial appears.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 2

3. I n t he Current Fluid Packages gr oup, select t he fluid package, t hen

click t he V ie w but t on. The Fluid Package: Basis- 1 propert y view
appears.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 3

3- 73
3-74 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

4. Click t he Se t Up t ab. I n t he Com ponent List Select ion gr oup, click

t he V ie w but t on. The Com ponent List View appears.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 4

5. I n t he Com ponent s Available in t he Com ponent Library group, select

t he Fu ll N a m e / Syn on ym radio but t on.
6. I n t he M a t ch field, st art t yping Nit rogen. UniSim Design filt ers t he
com ponent list t o m at ch your input .
7. When Nit rogen is select ed in t he list , press t he EN TER key. Nit rogen
is added t o t he Select ed Com ponent s list . Close t he Com ponent List
View.
8. Close t he Fluid Package: Basis- 1 propert y view.
9. I n t he Sim ulat ion Basis Manager view, click on t he Re t u r n t o
Sim u la t ion En vir on m e n t but t on. Answer Ye s t o t he pr om pt t hat
com es up.
10. On t he PFD, double- click t he React or Vent st ream icon t o open it s
propert y view.

3- 74
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-75

11. Click t he Pr odu ct Block but t on or t he Vie w D ow n st r e a m

Ope r a t ion icon. The Product Block view appears.
View Downst ream
Operat ion icon Figu r e 3 .1 1 5

12. Click t he Com posit ion t ab.

13. I n t he Com posit ions t able, specify t he com posit ion of t he reverse
flow st ream as follows:

Com pone n t M ole Fr a ct ion

1 2 C3 Ox ide 0.0
1 2 - C3 diol 0.0
H2 O 0.0
N it r oge n 1.0

14. Click t he Condit ion s t ab.

15. I n t he Flow Reversal Condit ions group, select t he Te m pe r a t u r e
radio but t on.

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3-76 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

16. I n t he field beside t he Tem perat ure radio but t on, ent er 77 oF. These
st ream condit ions will be used t o flash t he pure nit rogen st ream
when t he React or Vent flow reverses.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 6

17. Close t he Product Block_React or Vent view.

18. Close t he React or Vent st ream propert y view.
19. Save t he case as D yn TUT3 - 3 .u sc.

3.3.4 Adding Controller

Operations
I n t his sect ion you will ident ify and im plem ent key cont rol loops using
PI D Cont roller logical operat ions. Alt hough t hese cont r ollers are not
required t o run in dynam ic m ode, t hey will increase t he realism of t he
m odel and provide m ore st abilit y.

Level Control
First you will inst all a level cont roller t o cont rol t he liquid level in t he
CSTR React or operat ion.
1. Press F4 t o act ivat e t he Obj ect Palet t e, if required.
2. I n t he Obj ect Palet t e, click t he Con t r ol Ops icon. A sub- palet t e
Cont rol Ops icon appears.
3. I n t he sub- palet t e, click t he PI D Con t r olle r icon. The cursor
changes t o include a fram e and a + sign.
4. I n t he PFD, click near t he React or icon. The I C- 100 icon appears.
PI D Cont roller icon This cont roller will serve as t he React or level cont roller.

3- 76
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-77

5. Double- click t he I C- 100 icon. The cont roller ’s propert y view

appears.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 7

6. I n t he Con ne ct ion s t ab, click in t he N a m e field and change t he

nam e t o Re a ct or LC.
7. I n t he Process Variable Source group, click t he Se le ct PV but t on.
The Select I nput PV view appears.
8. I n t he Obj ect gr oup list , select Re a ct or.
9. I n t he Variable list , select Liqu id Pe r ce n t Le ve l.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 8

10. Click t he OK but t on.

11. I n t he Out put Tar get Obj ect group, click t he Se le ct OP but t on. The
Select OP Obj ect view appears.

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3-78 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

12. I n t he Obj ect list , select VLV- Re a ct or Pr ods.

13. I n t he Variable list , select Act u a t or D e sir e d Posit ion, t hen click
t he OK but t on.
14. I n t he React or LC view, click t he Pa r a m e t e r s t ab, t hen select t he
Con figu r a t ion page.
15. On t his page, ent er t he following inform at ion:

I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Act ion Direct
Kc 2
Ti 10 m inut es
PV M in im u m 0%
PV M a x im u m 100%

16. Click t he Fa ce Pla t e but t on at t he bot t om of t he propert y view. The

React or LC face plat e view appear s.
17. From t he drop- dow n list , select Aut o t o change t he cont roller m ode.
18. Double- click in t he PV value field, t ype 85, t hen press EN TER.
19. Close t he React or LC face plat e view, t hen close t he React or LC
propert y view.

Flow Control
Next you will add flow cont rollers t o t he feed st ream s in t he process.
1. The Cont rol Ops sub- palet t e should st ill be open. I f it isn’t , click t he
Con t r ol Ops icon in t he Obj ect Palet t e.
2. I n t he sub- palet t e, click t he PI D Con t r olle r icon.
Cont rol Ops icon
3. I n t he PFD, click above t he Prop Oxide st ream icon. The I C- 100 icon
appears. This cont roller will serve as t he Prop Oxide flow cont roller.
4. Double- click t he I C- 100 icon t o open it s propert y view.
5. Specify t he following det ails:
PI D Cont roller icon

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Nam e PropOxide FC
Process Variable Source Prop Oxide, Mass Flow
Out put Target Obj ect VLV- Prop Oxide,
Act uat or Desired
Posit ion
Pa r a m e t e r s Act ion Reverse
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
Kc 0.1
Ti 5 m inut es
PV Minim um 0 lb/ hr
PV Maxim um 18,000 lb/ hr

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 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-79

6. Click t he Fa ce Pla t e but t on. Change t he cont roller m ode t o Aut o,

and input a set point of 8712 lb/ hr.
7. Close t he PropOxide FC face plat e view and propert y view.
8. I n t he Obj ect sub- palet t e, click t he PI D Con t r olle r icon.
9. I n t he PFD, click below t he Wat er Feed st ream icon. The cont roller
icon appears. This cont roller will serve as t he Wat er Feed flow
cont roller.
10. Double- click t he cont roller icon, t hen specify t he following det ails:

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Nam e Wat erFeed FC
Process Variable Source Wat er Feed, Mass Flow
Out put Target Obj ect VLV-Wat er Feed
Act uat or Desired
Posit ion
Pa r a m e t e r s Act ion Reverse
[ Con figu r a t ion ] Kc 0.1
Ti 5 m inut es
PV Minim um 0 lb/ hr
PV Maxim um 22,000 lb/ hr

11. Click t he Fa ce Pla t e but t on. Change t he cont roller m ode t o Aut o
and input a set point of 11,000 lb/ hr.
12. Close t he Wat erFeed FC face plat e view and propert y view.

Tem perature Control

Next you will inst all t em perat ure cont roller t o cont rol t he t em perat ure
of t he CSTR react or. The cont rol will be im plem ent ed using an energy
ut ilit y st ream .
1. I n t he Obj ect sub- palet t e, click t he PI D Con t r olle r icon, t hen click
in t he PFD above and t o t he left of t he React or icon.
The cont roller icon appears. This cont roller will serve as t he React or
t em perat ure cont roller.
2. Double- click t he cont roller icon, t hen specify t he following det ails.

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Nam e React or TC
Process Variable Source React or, Vessel Tem perat ure
Out put Target Obj ect Coolant
Cont rol Valve

3- 79
3-80 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Pa r a m e t e r s Act ion Direct
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
Kc 1.75
Ti 5 m inut es
PV Minim um 70 oF
PV Maxim um 300 oF

3. Click t he Con t r ol V a lve but t on. The FCV for Coolant view appears.

Figu r e 3 .1 1 9

4. I n t he Dut y Source group, select t he D ir e ct Q radio but t on.

5. I n t he Direct Q group t able, ent er t he following inform at ion

I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
M in im u m Ava ila ble 0 Bt u/ hr
M a x im u m Ava ila ble 1 x 10 7 Bt u/ hr

6. Close t he FCV for Coolant view.

7. Click t he Fa ce Pla t e but t on. Change t he cont roller m ode t o Aut o
and input a set point of 140 oF.
8. Close t he React or TC face plat e view and propert y view.
9. Save t he case as D yn TUT3 - 4 .u sc.
10. The int egrat or can be run at t his point . Click t he I n t e gr a t or Act ive
icon in t he t ool bar.
I nt egrat or icons 11. When you are given t he opt ion t o run t he dynam ic assist ant first
Green= Act ive before running t he int egrat or, click t he N o but t on.
Red= Holding When t he int egrat or is init ially run, UniSim Design will det ect t hat
t he React or does not have a vapour phase at t he specified process
condit ions. You have t he opt ion t o select eit her t he default , w hich is
t o I ncr ease Tem perat ure, or choose 100% Liquid in t he React or.

3- 80
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-81

Figu r e 3 .1 2 0

12. Select t he default set t ing, which is I n cr e a se Te m pe r a t u r e .

13. Let t he int egrat or run for a while, t hen click t he I n t e gr a t or
H oldin g icon t o st op t he I nt egrat or.
At t his point you can m ake changes t o key variables in t he process
t hen observe t he changes in t he dynam ic behaviour of t he m odel.
Next you will m onit or im port ant variables in dynam ics using st rip
chart s.

3.3.5 Monitoring in Dynam ics

Now t hat t he m odel is ready t o run in dynam ic m ode, you will cr eat e a
st rip chart t o m onit or t he general t r ends of key variables.

Add all of t he variables t hat you would like t o m anipulat e or m odel.

I nclude feed and energy st ream s t hat you want t o m odify in t he
dynam ic sim ulat ion.
1. Open t he Dat abook by using t he hot key com binat ion CTRL D. The
following is a general procedure t o inst all st rip chart s in UniSim
Design.

3- 81
3-82 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Figu r e 3 .1 2 1

2. On t he Va r ia ble s t ab, click on t he I n se r t but t on. The Variable

Navigat or appears.

Figu r e 3 .1 2 2

Select t he Flowsheet , Obj ect , and Variable for any of t he suggest ed

variables. For React or Prods also select t he Variable Specifics
indicat ed.
See t he t ables below for a list of suggest ed variables:

Va r ia ble s t o M a n ipu la t e

Obj e ct V a r ia ble
Pr op Ox ide Mass Flow
W a t e r Fe e d Mass Flow

3- 82
 Ch e m ica ls Tu t or ia l 3-83

Va r ia ble s t o M on it or

Obj e ct Va r ia ble V a r ia ble Spe cifics

Re a ct or Vessel Tem perat ure
Re a ct or Pr ods Com p Molar Flow 12C3Oxide
Re a ct or Liquid Percent Level

3. Click on t he OK but t on t o ret urn t o t he Dat abook. The variable will

now appear on t he V a r ia ble s t ab.
4. Repeat t he procedure t o add all rem aining variables t o t he
Dat abook.
5. Click t he St r ip Ch a r t s t ab in t he Dat abook view.

Figu r e 3 .1 2 3

6. Click t he Add but t on. UniSim Design will creat e a new st rip chart
wit h t he default nam e Dat aLogger1.
7. I n t he Logge r N a m e field, change t he nam e t o Key Variables1.

3- 83
3-84 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

8. Click t he Act ive checkbox for each of t he variables t hat you would
like t o m onit or. Keep t he num ber of variables per St rip Chart t o four
or fewer, for easier viewing.

Figu r e 3 .1 2 4

You can change t he 9. I f required, add m ore st rip chart s.

configurat ion of each st rip
chart by clicking t he 10. Click t he St r ip Cha r t but t on t o view each st rip chart .
Se t u p but t on. To view a legend for t he St rip Chart var iables, right- click inside t he
St rip Chart view and select Le ge n d from t he m enu.
You can also m axim ize/ resize t he St rip Chart views t o see t he
det ails.
11. Click t he St a r t I n t e gr a t or icon and observe as t he variables line
out . I f you see a warning regarding t he Dynam ics Assist ant , click
t he N o but t on.
When you are finished, click t he I n t e gr a t or H oldin g icon t o st op
t he int egrat or.
12. At t his point you can m anipulat e various variables wit hin t he design
and observe t he response of ot her variables.

3- 84
 Un iSim D e sign Applica t ion s B- 1

B UniSim Design
Applications
This sect ion cont ains exam ples t hat illust rat e m any of t he feat ures in
UniSim Design. The applicat ions include aspect s of Concept ual Design,
St eady St at e m odeling, and Opt im izat ion. All aspect s are not illust rat ed
in every exam ple, so t he ar eas of int erest in each applicat ion are
highlight ed in t he sect ions below.

The UniSim Design Applicat ions describe, in general t erm s, how t o

com plet ely m odel part icular pr ocesses using various feat ures of UniSim
Design—det ailed m et hods of const ruct ing t he m odels are not provided.
I f you require det ailed descript ions on how t o const ruct m odels in
UniSim Design, see t he com prehensive Tut orial sect ion of t his guide.

The exam ples in t he Applicat ions sect ion provide a br oad range of
problem s relat ed t o various segm ent s of indust ry and are organized as
follows.

Gas Processing
G1 Acid Gas Sweetening with DEA – Steady State
Modeling, Optional Am ines Package
The Am ines Propert y
Package is an opt ional A sour nat ural gas st ream is st ripped of H2S and CO2 in a Cont act or
propert y package. I t is
not included in t he base ( absorber) t ower. The rich DEA ( diet hanolam ine) is regenerat ed in a
version of UniSim Design. St ripping t ower and t he lean DEA is recycled back t o t he Cont act or. To
Cont act Honeywell for solve t his exam ple, you m ust have t he Am ines pr opert y package, which
m ore inform at ion, or e-
m ail us at is an opt ional propert y package. A spreadsheet is used t o calculat e
in fo@u n isim .su ppor t @ various loadings and verify t hat t hey ar e w it hin an accept able range.
h on e yw e ll.com .

B- 1
B- 2

Refining
R1 Atm ospheric Crude Tower – Steady State
Modeling, Oil Characterization
A preheat ed ( 450°F) light crude ( 29 API ) is processed in an
at m ospheric fract ionat ion t ower t o produce napht ha, kerosene, diesel,
at m ospheric gas oil ( AGO) and at m ospheric residue product s. A
com plet e oil charact er izat ion procedure is part of t his exam ple
applicat ion.

R2 Sour Water Stripper – Steady State Modeling,

Sour Therm o Options, Case Study
Sour wat er is fed t o a dist illat ion t ower for NH3 and H2 S rem oval. The
use of t he Sour Peng Robinson ( Sour_PR) is highlight ed. UniSim
Design's built- in Case St udy t ool is used t o exam ine t he effect s of
varying colum n feed t em perat ures.

Petrochem icals
P1 Propane/ Propylene Splitter – Steady State
Modeling, Colum n Sub-flowsheet
The individual St ripper t ower and Rect ifier t ow er com ponent s of a
propane/ propylene split t er syst em are m odeled. Two separat e t owers in
t he sam e Colum n sub- flowsheet are used in t his exam ple t o illust rat e
t he sim ult aneous solut ion power of UniSim Design's Colum n sub-
flow sheet .

Chem icals
C1 Ethanol Plant – Steady State Modeling
An et hanol product ion process is m odeled right from t he ferm ent or
out let t hrough t o t he product ion of low grade and high grade
( azeot ropic) et hanol product s.

B- 2
 Un iSim D e sign Applica t ion s B- 3

C2 Synthesis Gas Production – Steady State

Modeling, Reaction Manager, Reactors
Synt hesis gas ( H2 / N 2 on a 3: 1 basis) is t he necessary feedst ock for an
am m onia plant . The t radit ional process for creat ing synt hesis gas is
explored in t his exam ple. Air, st eam , and nat ural gas are fed t o a series
of react ors, which produces a st oichiom t rically correct product .
Ext ensive use of UniSim Design's React ion Manager is illust rat ed as
four individual react ions are grouped int o t hree react ion set s t hat are
used in five differ ent react ors. This exam ple also dem onst rat es t he use
of an Adj ust operat ion t o cont rol a react or out let t em perat ur e. The case
is t hen convert ed t o a dynam ics sim ulat ion by adding valves and
assigning pressure flow specificat ions on t he boundary st ream s.
React ors are sized using t he act ual gas flow and t he residence t im e. A
spreadsheet operat ion im port s t he H 2 / N 2 m olar rat io t o a rat io
cont roller, cont rolling t he Air flow rat e. Tem perat ure cont rollers are used
t o achieve t he react ors set point by m anipulat ing t he dut y st ream s.

UniSim Design Extensibility

X1 Case Linking – Steady State Modeling
This case explores t he use of t he User Unit Operat ion t o link t w o UniSim
Design sim ulat ion cases such t hat t he changes m ade t o t he first case
are aut om at ically and t ransparent ly pr opagat ed t o t he second case.
Wit hin each User Unit Op, t wo Visual Basic m acros are used. The
I n it ia lize ( ) m acro set s t he field nam es for t he var ious st ream feed and
product connect ions and creat ed t wo t ext user variables. The
Ex e cut e ( ) m acro uses t he Ge t Obj e ct m et hod t o open t he t arget link
case and t hen it at t em pt s t o locat e t he m at erial st ream , in t he t arget
case, nam ed by t he I nit ialize( ) m acro.

B- 3
B- 4

B- 4
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e n ing w it h D EA G1 - 1

G1 Acid Gas Sweetening

with DEA
G1 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

G1 .2 Setup ........................................................................................... 3

G1 .3 Steady State Sim ulation .............................................................. 4

G1.3.1 I nstalling the DEA CONTACTOR................................................ 4
G1.3.2 Regenerating the DEA ............................................................ 7

G1 .4 Sim ulation Analysis ....................................................................1 2

G1 .5 Calculating Lean & Rich Loadings ...............................................1 2

G1 .6 Dynam ic Sim ulation ....................................................................1 4

G1.6.1 Converting from Steady State.................................................15
G1.6.2 Adding a Control Schem e .......................................................23
G1.6.3 Preparing Dynam ic Sim ulation ................................................27

G1 .7 References .................................................................................2 9

G1- 1
G1 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

G1.1 Process Description

I n t his exam ple, a t ypical acid gas t reat ing facilit y is sim ulat ed. A
wat er- sat urat ed nat ural gas st ream is fed t o an am ine cont act or. For
t his exam ple, Diet hanolam ine ( DEA) at a st rengt h of 28 wt % in wat er is
used as t he absorbing m edium . The cont act or consist s of 20 real
st ages. The rich am ine is flashed from t he cont act or pressure of 1000
psia t o 90 psia t o release m ost of t he absorbed hydr ocarbon gas before
it ent ers t he lean/ rich am ine exchanger. I n t he lean/ rich exchanger, t he
rich am ine is heat ed t o a regenerat or feed t em perat ure of 200°F. The
regenerat or also consist s of 20 real st ages. Acid gas is rej ect ed from
t he regenerat or at 120°F, while t he lean am ine is p roduced at
approxim at ely 255°F. The lean am ine is cooled and recycled back t o t he
cont act or.

Figu r e G1 .1

Recom m ended am ine st rengt h ranges:

Le a n Am in e St r e n gt h in W a t e r
Am in e W t%
MEA 15- 20
DEA 25- 35
TEA, MDEA 35- 50
DGA 45- 65

G1- 2
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 3

Figu r e G1 .2 Figu r e G1 .3

There ar e t hree basic st eps used in m odeling t his process:

1. Se t u p. The com ponent list includes C1 t hrough C7 as well as N 2 ,
CO2 , H 2 S, H 2 O and D EA.
2. St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion. The case will consist of an absorber
scrubbing t he inlet gas using a DEA solut ion, which will be
regenerat ed in a dist illat ion colum n. Sweet gas will leave t he t op of
t he absorber, whereas t he rich am ine st ream from t he bot t om will
be sent t o a regenerat or colum n. An analysis on bot h t he SW EET
GAS and t he ACI D GAS will be perform ed t o sat isfy t he specified
crit erion.
3. D yn a m ics Sim ula t ion. The st eady st at e solut ion will be used t o
size all t he unit operat ions and t ray sect ions. An appropriat e cont rol
st rat egy will be im plem ent ed and t he key variables will be
displayed.

G1.2 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, clone t he Fie ld unit set .
2. Change t he default unit s for t he Liqu id Volu m e Flow t o USGPM
for t he cloned unit set .
The Am ines propert y
package has a lim it 3. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s: N 2 ,
t em perat ure range. So CO2 , H 2 S, C1 , C2 , C3 , i- C4 , n - C4 , i- C5 , n - C5 , C6 , C7 , H 2 O, and
during t he const ruct ion of
t he sim ulat ion/ flowsheet ,
D EAm in e .
som e st ream s will appear 4. I n t he Fluid Package view, select t he following propert y package:
yellow in colour. A
warning view will also
Am in e s.
appear t o warn you t hat The Am ines pr opert y package is requir ed t o run t his exam ple
t he st ream has exceeded
t he t em perat ure range. problem . This is a D.B. Robinson propriet ary propert y package t hat
For t his applicat ion, you predict s t he behaviour of am ine- hydrocarbon- wat er syst em s.
can ignore t hese
warnings.
5. Use t he Li- Mat her / Non- I deal Ther m odynam ic m odel.

G1- 3
G1 - 4 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

G1.3 Steady State Sim ulation

There are t wo m ain st eps for set t ing up t his case in st eady st at e:
1. I n st a llin g t h e D EA Con t r a ct or. A 20 st age absorber colum n will
be used t o scrub t he SOUR GAS st ream wit h DEA solut ion ( DEA TO
CONT) . The SWEET GAS will leave t he t ower from t he t op whereas
t he pollut ant rich liquid will be flashed before ent ering t he
REGENERATOR.
2. Re ge n e r a t in g t h e D EA. The liquid st ream from t he absorber will
be regenerat ed in a 18 t ray dist illat ion colum n wit h a condenser and
reboiler. The ACI D GAS will be rej ect ed from t he t op and t he
regenerat ed DEA will be send back t o t he DEA CONTACTOR.

G1.3.1 I nstalling the DEA

CONTACTOR
Before t he am ine cont act or can be solved, an est im at e of t he lean
am ine feed ( DEA TO CONT) and t he inlet gas st ream ( SOUR GAS) m ust
be provided. The DEA TO CONT st ream will be updat ed once t he recycle
operat ion is inst alled and has converged.

Add Feed Stream s

Define t he following m at erial st ream s:

D EA TO CON T m a t e r ia l st r e a m
I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Nam e DEA TO CONT
Te m pe r a t u r e 95 F
Pr e ssu r e 995 psia
St d I de a l Liq Vol Flow 190 USGPM
CO2 M a ss Fr a c. 0.0018
DEA t o Cont uses Mass W a t e r M a ss Fr a c. 0.7187
fract ions; Sour Gas uses D EA M a ss Fr a c. 0.2795
Mole fract ions.

SOUR GAS m a t e r ia l st r e a m
I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Nam e SOUR GAS
Te m pe r a t u r e 86.0000 F
Pr e ssu r e 1000.0000 psia
M ola r Flow 25 MMSCFD
N 2 M ole Fr a c. 0.0016
CO2 M ole Fr a c. 0.0413

G1- 4
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 5

SOUR GAS m a t e r ia l st r e a m
H 2 S M ole Fr a c. 0.0172
C1 M ole Fr a c. 0.8692
C2 M ole Fr a c. 0.0393
C3 M ole Fr a c. 0.0093
iC4 M ole Fr a c. 0.0026
n C4 M ole Fr a c. 0.0029
iC5 M ole Fr a c. 0.0014
n C5 M ole Fr a c. 0.0012
n C6 M ole Fr a c. 0.0018
n C7 M ole Fr a c. 0.0072
H 2 O M ole Fr a c. 0.005
D EAm in e M ole Fr a c. 0.000

Add a Separator
Any fr ee wat er carried wit h t he gas is first rem oved in a separat or
operat ion ( V- 100) . Add and define t he following separat or operat ion:

Se pa r a t or [ V- 1 0 0 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet s SOUR GAS
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let GAS TO CONTACTOR
Liquid Out let FWKO
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Pressure drop 0 psi

Add an Absorber Colum n

The Am ines propert y package requires t hat real t rays be m odeled in t he
cont act or and regenerat or operat ions, but in order t o sim ulat e t his,
com ponent specific efficiencies are required for H2S and CO2 on a t ray
by t ray basis. These propriet ary efficiency calculat ions are provided in
t he colum n as part of t he Am ines package. Tray dim ensions m ust be
supplied t o enable t his feat ure.
Before inst alling t he 1. I nst all an Absorber colum n operat ion wit h t he specificat ions shown
colum n, ensure t hat t he
Use I n pu t Ex pe r t s
checkbox is checked
( from t he Session
Preferences view,
Sim ulat ion t ab, Opt ions
page) .

G1- 5
G1 - 6 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

below.

Absor be r Colu m n [ D EA CON TACTOR]

Pa ge I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 20
Top St age I nlet DEA TO CONT
Bot t om St age I nlet GAS TO CONTACTOR
Ovhd Vapour Out let SWEET GAS
Bot t om s Liquid Out let RI CH DEA
Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile Top 995 psia
Bot t om 1000 psia
Te m pe r a t u r e Top Tem perat ure 100 F
Est im a t e s
Bot t om Tem perat ure 160 F

Using t he above inform at ion, t he com ponent specific t ray

efficiencies can be calculat ed.
2. Run t he Colum n.
3. Once it has converged, click t he Pa r a m e t e r s t ab and select t he
Efficie n cie s page.
4. Click t he Com pone nt radio but t on and not e t he efficiency values
for CO2 and H2S on each t ray. UniSim Design provides an est im at e
of t he com ponent t ray efficiencies but allows you t o specify t he
individual efficiencies if required.

Figu r e G1 .4

Next , add a valve and anot her separat or.

G1- 6
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 7

Add a Valve
The st ream Rich DEA from t he absorber is direct ed t o valve VLV- 100,
where t he pressure is reduced t o 90 psia; close t o t he regenerat or
operat ing pressure.

Va lve [ V LV- 1 0 0 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h e ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet RI CH DEA
[ Con n e ct ion s] Out let DEA TO FLASH TK
W or k sh e e t Pressure ( DEA TO FLASH TK) 90 psia
[ Con dit ion s]

Add a Separator
Gases t hat are flashed off from t he RI CH DEA st ream are rem oved
using t he rich am ine flash t ank ( FLASH TK) which is m odeled using a
Separat or operat ion.

Se pa r a t or [ FLASH TK]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet DEA TO FLASH TK
[ Con n e ct ion s] Vapour Out let FLASH VAP
Liquid Out let RI CH TO L/ R

G1.3.2 Regenerating the DEA

Add a Heat Exchanger
The st ream RI CH TO L/ R is heat ed t o 200°F ( REGEN FEED) in t he lean/
rich exchanger ( E- 100) prior t o ent ering t he regenerat or, which is
represent ed by a dist illat ion colum n. Heat is supplied t o release t he
acid gas com ponent s from t he am ine solut ion, t hereby perm it t ing t he
DEA t o be recycled back t o t he cont act or for reuse.

The heat exchanger is defined below.

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r [ E- 1 0 0 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Tube Side I nlet RI CH TO L/ R
[ Con n e ct ion s] Tube Side Out let REGEN FEED
Shell Side I nlet REGEN BTTMS
Shell Side Out let LEAN FROM L/ R

G1- 7
G1 - 8 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r [ E- 1 0 0 ]
D e sign Tubeside Delt a P 10 psi
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Shellside Delt a P 10 psi
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Tube Passes per Shell 1
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure ( REGEN FEED) 200 F
[ Con dit ion s]

Add a Distillation Colum n

The am ine regenerat or is m odeled as a dist illat ion colum n wit h 20 real
st ages - 18 st ages in t he Tray Sect ion plus a Reboiler and Condenser.
1. Add a dist illat ion colum n, configured as shown in t he following t able.

D ist illa t ion Colum n [ Re ge n e r a t or ]

Pa ge I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 18
I nlet St ream s ( St age) REGEN FEED ( 4)
Condenser Type Full Reflux
Ovhd Vapour ACI D GAS
Bot t om s Liquid REGEN BTTMS
Reboiler Energy St ream RBLR Q
Condenser Energy St ream COND Q
Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile Condenser Pressure 27.5 psia
Cond Pressure Drop 2.5 psi
Reboiler Pres. 31.5 psia

For t his t ower, t he com ponent efficiencies will be fixed at 0.80 for
H2S and 0.15 for CO2. The efficiencies of t he condenser and
reboiler m ust rem ain at 1.0, so ent er t he efficiencies for st ages 1- 18
only.
2. Select t he Com pon e n t radio but t on in t he Efficiency Type group
( Pa r a m e t e r s t ab, Efficie n cie s page) , t hen click t he Re se t H 2 S
CO2 but t on.
3. Type t he new efficiencies int o t he m at rix.

D ist illa t ion Colum n [ Re ge n e r a t or ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Pa r a m e t e r s Condenser 1.0
[ Efficie n cie s] Reboiler 1.0
1_TS t o 18_TS CO2 0.15
1_TS t o 18_TS H2S 0.80
Pa r a m e t e r s [ Solve r ] Dam ping Fact or 0.40

4. Specify a D a m pin g Fa ct or of 0 .4 0 ( Pa r a m e t e r s t ab, Solve r

page) t o provide a fast er, m ore st able convergence.

G1- 8
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 9

5. Add t wo new colum n specificat ions, Colum n Te m pe r a t ur e ( called

TTop) and Colu m n D u t y ( called Reboiler Dut y) .
6. Set t he default specificat ions as shown below.

Re ge n e r a t or Spe cifica t ion s

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Spe cs] Nam e T Top
St age Condenser
Spec Value 179.6 F
Nam e Reboiler Dut y
Energy St ream RBLR Q@COL2
Spec Value 1.356e7 BTU/ hr
Nam e Reflux Rat io
St age Condenser
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 0.5
Nam e Ovhd Vap Rat e
Draw ACI D GAS@COL2
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 2.0 MMSCFD

7. Delet e t he Re flu x Ra t e and REGEN Bt t m s Ra t e specificat ions

from t he Colum n Specificat ion list in t he Colum n propert y view.
8. Set t he T Top and Re boile r D u t y specificat ions t o Act ive; t he
Reflux Rat io and Ovhd Vap Rat e specificat ions should be set as
Est im at es only.
The reboiler dut y is based on t he guidelines provided below, which
should pr ovide an accept able H 2 S and CO2 loading in t he lean
am ine.

Re com m e n de d St e a m Ra t e s lb St e a m / USGAL Le a n Am ine

( ba se d on 1 0 0 0 BTU / lb St e a m )
Pr im a r y Am in e ( e .g., M EA) 0.80
Se con da r y Am ine ( e .g., D EA) 1.00
Te r t ia r y Am in e ( e .g., M D EA) 1.20
D GA 1.30

Wat er m ake- up is necessary, since wat er will be lost in t he absorber

and regenerat or overhead st ream s.
9. I nst all a Mixer operat ion t o com bine t he lean am ine fr om t he
regenerat or wit h t he MAKEUP H2O st ream . These st ream s m ix at
t he sam e pressure.
10. Define t he com posit ion of MAKEUP H2O as all wat er, and specify a
t em perat ure of 70°F and pressure of 21.5 psia. The flow rat e of t he
t ot al lean am ine st ream will be defined at t he out let of t he m ixer,
and UniSim Design will calculat e t he required flow of m akeup wat er.

G1- 9
G1 - 1 0 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

11. Set t he overall circulat ion rat e of t he am ine solut ion by specifying a
St andard I deal Liquid Volum e Flow of 190 USGPM in st ream DEA TO
COOL. UniSim Design will back- calculat e t he flow rat e of m akeup
wat er required.

M ix e r [ M I X- 1 0 0 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet s MAKEUP H2O
[ Con n e ct ion s]
LEAN FROM L/ R
Out let DEA TO COOL
D e sign Aut om at ic Pressure Assignm ent Set Out let t o
[ Pa r a m e t e r s] Lowest I nlet
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure ( MAKEUP H2O) 70 F
[ Con dit ion s]
Pressure ( MAKEUP H2O) 21.5 psia
St d Liq Vol Flow 190.5 USGPM
( DEA t o Cool)
W or k sh e e t H2O Mass Frac. 1.0
[ Com posit ion ] ( MAKEUP H2O)

When you have finished specifying t he DEA TO COOL st ream you

will receive a warning m essage st at ing t hat t he t em perat ure of t he
Makeup H2O st ream exceeds t he range of t he propert y package and
t he st ream will t urn yellow. Since t here is no DEA present in t his
st ream , t he warning can be ignored wit hout negat ively affect ing t he
result s of t his case.

Add a Cooler
The Cooler operat ion will Add a cooler and define it as indicat ed below. Cooler E- 101 cools t he
rem ain unconverged unt il
t he Set operat ion has
lean DEA on it s way t o t he m ain pum p.
been inst alled.
Coole r [ E- 1 0 1 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet DEA TO COOL
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Out let DEA TO PUMP
Energy St ream COOLER Q
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Delt a P 5 psi

Add a Pum p
The Pum p operat ion will Add a pum p and define it as indicat ed below. Pum p P- 100 t ransfers t he
rem ain unconverged unt il
t he Set operat ion has
been inst alled.

G1- 10
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 1 1

regenerat ed DEA t o t he Cont act or.

Pum p [ P- 1 0 0 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet DEA TO PUMP
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Out let DEA TO RECY
Energy PUMP Q
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure [ F] ( DEA TO RECY) 95°F
[ Con dit ion s]

Add a Set Operation

I nst all a Set operat ion ( SET- 1) t o m aint ain t he pressure of st ream DEA
TO RECY at 5 psi lower t han t he pressure of t he gas feed t o t he
absorber.

Se t [ SET- 1 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Target DEA TO RECY
Target Variable Pressure
Source GAS TO CONTACTOR
Pa r a m e t e r s Mult iplier 1
Offset -5

Add a Recycle Operation

A Recycle operat ion is inst alled w it h t he fully defined st ream DEA TO
RECY as t he inlet and DEA TO CONT as t he out let . The lean am ine
st ream , which was originally est im at ed, will be replaced wit h t he new,
calculat ed lean am ine st ream and t he cont act or and r egenerat or w ill be
run unt il t he recycle loop converges.

To ensur e an accurat e solut ion, reduce t he sensit ivit ies for flow and
com posit ion as indicat ed below.

Re cycle [ RCY- 1 ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s I nlet DEA TO RECY
Out let DEA TO CONT
Pa r a m e t e r s Flow 1.0
[ Va r ia ble s]
Com posit ion 0.1

G1- 11
G1 - 1 2 Sim u la t ion An a lysis

G1.4 Sim ulation Analysis

The incom ing sour gas cont ains 4.1% CO2 and 1.7% H2S. For an inlet
gas flow rat e of 25 MMSCFD, a circulat ing solut ion of approxim at ely 28
wt .% DEA in wat er rem oves virt ually all of t he H2S and m ost of t he
CO2. A t ypical pipeline specificat ion for t he sw eet gas is no m ore t han
2.0 vol.% CO2 and 4 ppm ( volum e) H2S. I f you look at t he pr opert y
view of t he Sweet Gas st ream you will see t he sw eet gas produced
easily m eet s t hese crit eria.

G1.5 Calculating Lean & Rich

Loadings
Concent rat ions of acid gas com ponent s in an am ine st ream are t ypically
expressed in t erm s of am ine loading—defined as m oles of t he part icular
acid gas divided by m oles of t he cir culat ing am ine. The Spreadsheet in
UniSim Design is w ell- suit ed for t his calculat ion. Not only can t he
loading be direct ly calculat ed and displayed, but it can be incorporat ed
int o t he sim ulat ion t o provide a “ cont rol point ” for opt im izing t he am ine
sim ulat ion. Also for convenience, t he CO2 and H2S volum e
com posit ions for t he Sw eet Gas st r eam are calculat ed.

G1- 12
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 1 3

The following variables are used for t he loading calculat ions.

Figu r e G1 .5

The following form ulas will produce t he desired calculat ions.

Figu r e G1 .6

G1- 13
G1 - 1 4 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Figu r e G1 .7

The acid gas loadings can be com pared t o values recom m ended by D.B.
Robinson as shown below.

M a x im u m Acid Ga s Loa din gs ( m ole s a cid ga s/ m ole of a m in e )

CO2 H2S
M EA, D GA 0.5 0.35
D EA 0.45 0.30
TEA, M D EA 0.30 0.20

G1.6 Dynam ic Sim ulation

The Am ines propert y I n t he second part of t he applicat ion, t he st eady st at e case will be
package used in t his
applicat ion has a lim it convert ed int o dynam ics. The general st eps t hat will be used t o
t em perat ure range. So navigat e t hrough t his det ailed procedure are as follows:
when a st ream exceeds
t he t em perat ure range, a 1. Con ve r t in g fr om St e a dy St a t e . To prepare t he case for dynam ic
warning view will appear sim ulat ion, valves will be inst alled t o define pressure flow relat ions
and t he st ream becom es and PF specificat ions will be added t o select ed st ream s. The t ray
yellow in colour. sizing ut ilit y will be im plem ent ed for sizing t ray sect ions; all ot her
For t his applicat ion, you unit operat ions w ill be sized.
can ignore t his warning.
2. Addin g Con t r olle r s. I n t his st ep, appropriat e cont rollers will be
inst alled and defined m anually.
3. Pr e pa r in g t h e D yn a m ics Sim u la t ion . I n t he last st ep, t he
Dat abook will be set up. Changes will be m ade t o key variables in
t he process and t he dynam ic behaviour of t he m odel will be
observed.

G1- 14
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 1 5

G1.6.1 Converting from Steady

State
Changing the PFD
A few changes will have t o be m ade t o t he PFD in order t o operat e in
Dynam ic m ode.
Break Connect ion icon 1. Delet e t he Se t - 1 unit operat ion.
Use t he Br e a k
Con n e ct ion icon t o
2. Set t he pressure of t he DEA TO RECY st ream t o 9 9 5 psia.
break t he connect ion 3. I nst all a Recycle operat ion bet ween t he REGEN BTTMS st ream and
bet ween st ream s and
unit operat ions.
t he E- 100 exchanger.

Re cycle RCY- 2
Pa ge I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
At t ach Mode icon Con n e ct ion s I nlet REGEN BTTMS
Use t he At t a ch M ode Out let REGEN BTTMS TO L/ R
icon t o reconnect t hem .

The Re cycle ope r a t ion only funct ions in St e a dy St a t e m ode .

I t s sole pu r pose in t h is ca se is t o pr ovide a su it a ble solu t ion
be for e e nt e r ing D yna m ic m ode .

4. Delet e t he St d. I deal Liq Vol Flow value in st ream DEA TO COOL.

5. Specify t he St d. I deal Liq. Vol. Flow in st ream MAKEUP H2O at
2.195 USGPM.
6. Delet e MI X- 100 and replace it wit h a t ank, V- 101. Nam e t he vapour
out let from t he t ank Nit rogen Blanket .
7. Change t he Heat Exchanger m odel of t he E- 100 exchanger from
Exchanger Design ( End Point ) t o Dynam ic Rat ing. Delet e t he
t em perat ure of t he REGEN FEED st ream , since it will be calculat ed
by t he exchanger. Use t he following t able t o set t he new
specificat ions for t he exchanger.

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r E- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Shell Side I nlet REGEN BTTMS TO L/ R
[ Con n e ct ion s]
D e sign Heat Exchanger Model Dynam ic Rat ing
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Ra t in g Model Basic
[ Pa r a m e t e r s] Overall UA 100270 Bt u/ F- hr

G1- 15
G1 - 1 6 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Add Pum ps
Two pum ps are added Add t he following pum ps t o define t he pressure flow relat ion.
because Dynam ics m ode
perform s rat ing
calculat ions t hat consider Pum p N a m e P- 1 0 1
pressure differences and Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
flow resist ance. To
accom m odat e t his, you D e sign I nlet RI CH TO PUMP
need t o add equipm ent [ Con n e ct ion ]
Out let RI CH TO VALVE
t hat significant ly im pact s
Energy Q- 100
t he pressure and drives
flow. D e sign Dut y 3739.72 Bt u/ hr
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Com m e n t s Add t his pum p bet ween t he separat or FLASH TK and
t he st ream RI CH t o L/ R.

Pum p N a m e P- 1 0 2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet REGEN BTTMS
[ Con n e ct ion ]
Out let REGEN BTTMS TO VALVE
Energy Q- 101
D e sign Power 1.972e5 Bt u/ hr
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Com m e n t s Add t his pum p bet ween t he st ream REGEN BTTMS and
t he recycle RCY- 2.

Add Valves
1. Add t he following valves t o define t he pressure flow relat ion.

Va lve N a m e VLV- FW KO
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet FWKO
[ Con n e ct ion ]
Out let FWKO- 1
W or k sh e e t Pressure ( FWKO- 1) 986.5 psia
[ Con dit ion s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
VLV- Fla sh Va p
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet FLASH VAP
[ Con n e ct ion ]
Out let FLASH VAP- 1
W or k sh e e t Pressure ( Flash Vap- 1) 89.99 psia
[ Con dit ion s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
VLV- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet RI CH TO VALVE
[ Con n e ct ion ] Out let RI CH TO L/ R

G1- 16
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 1 7

Va lve N a m e VLV- FW KO
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Delt a P 5.8 psi
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
Com m e n t s Add t his valve bet ween t he pum p P- 101 and t he
st ream RI CH TO L/ R.

Va lve N a m e VLV- 1 0 2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet REGEN BTTMS TO VALVE
[ Con n e ct ion ] Out let REGEN BTTMS- 2
D e sign Delt a P 13.53 psi
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
Com m e n t s Add t his valve bet ween t he st ream REGEN BTTMS TO
VALVE and t he recycle RCY- 2.
VLV- 1 0 3
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Feed DEA TO VALVE
[ Con n e ct ion ]
Product DEA TO COOL
D e sign Delt a P 1 psi
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
Com m e n t s Add t his valve bet ween V- 101 and t he st ream DEA TO
COOL.
VLV- 1 0 0 @COL1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Feed 1@COL1
[ Con n e ct ion ] Product SWEET GAS@COL1
D e sign Delt a P 1 psi
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
Com m e n t s Add t his valve bet ween t he vapour out let of t he
absorber DEA Cont act or and t he st ream SWEET GAS in
t he absorber sub- flowsheet .
VLV- 1 0 0 @COL2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Feed 2@COL2
[ Con n e ct ion ]
Product ACI D GAS@COL2
D e sign Delt a P 1 psi
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Valve Opening 50%
Com m e n t s Add t his valve bet ween t he vapour out let of t he
dist illat ion colum n REGENERATOR and t he st ream ACI D
GAS in t he Regenerat or Colum n sub- flowsheet .

G1- 17
G1 - 1 8 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Before proceeding any furt her, ensure t hat t he case is com plet ely
For t he Regenerat or, you
m ay need t o click t he
solved.
Re se t but t on before 2. Open t he valves propert y view and m ove t o t he Siz in g page of t he
clicking t he Ru n but t on t o
get t he dist illat ion colum n Ra t in g t ab.
t o solve. 3. Select t he Use r I n pu t radio but t on and specify t he Valve Opening
as indicat ed.
4. Click t he Size Va lv e but t on.
5. Repeat for all valves in t he sim ulat ion.

Adding Pressure Flow Specifications

For m ore inform at ion I n order t o run t he int egrat or successfully, t he degrees of freedom for
regarding Pressure- Flow
specificat ions in Colum n
t he flowsheet m ust be reduced t o zero by set t ing t he pressure- flow
unit operat ions see specificat ions. Norm ally, you w ould m ake one pressure- flow
Ch a pt e r 8 - Colu m n in specificat ion per flowsheet boundary st ream , how ever, t her e are
t he Un iSim D e sign
Ope r a t ion s Gu ide . except ions t o t he rule.

One ext ra pressure flow specificat ion is required for t he condenser

at t ached t o t he colum n Regenerat or. This rule applies only if t here are
no pieces of equipm ent at t ached t o t he reflux st ream downst ream of
t he condenser. Wit hout ot her pieces of t he equipm ent ( i.e., pum ps,
coolers, valves) t o define t he pr essure flow relat ion of t hese st ream s,
t hey m ust be specified wit h a flow specificat ion.
The pressure- flow 1. I n t he Main flowsheet , add t he following pressure- flow specificat ions
specificat ion can be t o t he boundary st ream s.
act ivat ed in t he
D yn a m ics t ab on t he
Spe cs page by select ing Pr e ssu r e Flow
M a t e r ia l St r e a m Va lu e
t he Act ive checkbox. Spe cifica t ion Spe cifica t ion
The st eady st at e
pressure- flow values SOUR GAS I nact ive Molar Flow 25 MMSCFD
should be used as a FW KO- 1 Act ive I nact ive 986.5 psia
specificat ion. FLASH VAP- 1 Act ive I nact ive 89.99 psia
M AKEUP H 2 O I nact ive I deal Liq Vol Flow 2.195 USGPM
SW EET GAS Act ive I nact ive 994 psia
ACI D GAS Act ive I nact ive 26.5 psia
REFLUX@COL2 I nact ive Mass Flow 2983 lb/ hr
N it r oge n Bla n k e t Act ive I nact ive 21.5 psia
D EA TO RECY I nact ive I nact ive
D EA TO FLASH I nact ive I nact ive
TK

2. Ensure t he PF Re la t ion checkbox for all t he valves is checked

( D yn a m ics t ab, Spe cs page) .
3. Act ivat e t he Efficie n cy and Pow e r checkboxes for pum ps ( you
m ay have t o deact ivat e t he Pr e ssu r e Rise checkbox) .
4. On t he E- 100 propert y view, click t he Ca lcu la t e K’s but t on
( D yn a m ics t ab, Spe cs page) .

G1- 18
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 1 9

5. Deact ivat e t he D e lt a P checkbox and select t he k checkbox for bot h

t he Shell and Tube sides of E- 100.
6. Also on t he cooler E- 101 propert y view, set t he pr essure flow opt ion
inst ead of t he pr essure drop by select ing t he Ove r a ll k Va lu e
checkbox and deact ivat ing t he pressure drop checkbox.

Equipm ent Sizing

I n preparat ion for dynam ic operat ion, bot h colum n t ray sect ions and
t he surrounding equipm ent m ust be sized. I n st eady st at e sim ulat ion,
t he colum n pressure drop is user specified. I n dynam ics, it is calculat ed
using dynam ic hydraulic calculat ions. Com plicat ions will arise in t he
t ransit ion from st eady st at e t o dynam ics if t he st eady st at e pressure
profile across t he colum n is very different from t hat calculat ed by t he
Dynam ic Pressure- Flow solver.

Colum n Tray Sizing

1. From t he Tools m enu, select Ut ilit ie s. Add a Tray Sizing ut ilit y t o
size t he DEA Cont act or t ray sect ion.
2. Click t he Se le ct TS but t on. The Select Tray Sect ion view appears.
3. From t he Flowsheet list , select D EA Con t a ct or.
4. From t he Obj ect list , select TS- 1 .
5. Click t he Aut o Se ct ion but t on t o calculat e t he t ray sect ion
dim ension. Accept all t he default s.
6. Select t he Tr a ye d radio but t on in t he Sect ion Result s group
( Pe r for m a n ce t ab, Re su lt s page) .
7. Confirm t he following t ray sect ion param et ers for Sect ion_1.

Va r ia ble Va lu e
Se ct ion D ia m e t e r 3.5 ft
W e ir H e igh t 2 in
Tr a y Spa cin g 24 in
W e ir Le n gt h 34.81 in
N u m be r of Flow Pa t h s 1

8. Calculat e t he Act ual Weir Lengt h using t he Weir Lengt h divided by

t he num ber of flow pat hs for t he vapour.

Va r ia ble Va lu e
Act u a l W e ir Le n gt h ( W e ir Le n gt h / 1 ) 34.81 in

9. Open t he DEA Cont act or colum n propert y view.

10. Click t he Ra t in g t ab, t hen select t he Tr a y Se ct ion s page.

G1- 19
G1 - 2 0 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

11. Ent er t he t ray sect ion param et ers for TS- 1 obt ained from t he t ray
sizing ut ilit y.
12. Size t he Regenerat or t ray sect ion following t he sam e procedure
described above for t he DEA Cont act or. The Aut o Sect ion funct ion
m ay creat e t wo t ray sect ions; ensure t hat t he colum n is sized wit h
only one t ray sect ion for all t rays. Delet e t he sect ion t hat does not
m at ch t he specificat ions below.
13. Confirm t he following t ray sect ion param et ers for Main TS in t he
Regenerat or:

Va r ia ble Va lu e
Se ct ion D ia m e t e r 3.5 ft
W e ir H e igh t 2 in
Tr a y Spa cin g 24 in
Tot a l W e ir Le n gt h 33.75 in
N u m be r of Flow Pa t h s 1
Act u a l W e ir Le n gt h 33.75 in

14. I n t he Regenerat or colum n propert y view, click t he Ra t in g t ab, t hen

select t he Tr a y Se ct ion s page.
15. Ent er t he Sect ion Diam et er value shown above.

Vessel Sizing
The Condenser and Reboiler operat ions in t he Regenerat or colum n sub-
flow sheet require proper sizing before t hey can operat e effect ively in
Dynam ics m ode. The volum es of t hese vessel operat ions are
det erm ined using a 10 m inut e liquid residence t im e.
1. Open t he Regenerat or propert y view, t hen ent er t he Colum n
Environm ent .
2. Open t he Condenser proper t y view.
3. Click t he W or k sh e e t t ab, t hen select t he Con dit ions page.
4. Confirm t he following St d I deal Liquid Volum et ric Flow.

St r e a m St d I de a l Liqu id Volu m e Flow

Re flu x 5.975 USGPM

5. Calculat e t he vessel volum e as follows, assum ing a 50% liquid level

residence volum e.

Total Liquid Exit Flow  Residence Time (G1.1)

Vessel Volume = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.5

6. Click t he D yn a m ics t ab, t hen select t he Spe cs page.

G1- 20
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 2 1

7. I n t he Model Det ails group, specify t he vessel volum e as 15.97 ft 3

( as calculat ed wit h t he above form ula) .
8. Specify t he Level Calculat or as a Horizont al cylinder.
9. Open t he Reboiler propert y view.
10. Click t he W or k sh e e t t ab, t hen select t he Con dit ions page.
Confirm t he following St d I deal Liquid Volum e Flow.

St r e a m St d I de a l Liqu id Volu m e Flow

To Re boile r 239.7 bbl/ day

11. Calculat e t he vessel volum e using Equat ion ( G1 .1 ) and assum ing a
5 0 % liquid level residence t im e.
12. Click t he D yn a m ics t ab, t hen select t he Spe cs page.
13. I n t he Model Det ails gr oup, specify t he vessel volum e as 641 ft 3 and
t he Level Calculat or as a Horizont al cylinder.

Separator Sizing
The vapour flow rat e t hrough V- 100 is large as com pared t o t he liquid
flow rat e, t herefore Separat or V- 100 is sized according t o t he t erm inal
vapour velocit y ( Vert ical Cylinder) .
1. Use a residence t im e of 5 m in and a 50% liquid level t o size t he
separat or FLASH TK.
2. Confirm t he St d I deal Liquid Volum e flow in t he t able below and
ent er t he vessel volum e.
3. Click t he Ra t in g t ab, t hen select t he Sizin g page. Select t he
Vert ical orient at ion radio but t on for t he separat or.

Se pa r a t or N a m e FLASH TK
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
W or k sh e e t St d Liq Vol Flow ( RI CH TO PUMP) 498.27 USGPM
[ Con dit ion s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Volum e 660 ft 3
V- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Diam et er 5.94 ft
Height 29.7 ft

Tank Sizing
The t ank V- 101 will be sized wit h a 10 m inut e liquid residence t im e and
a 7 5 % liquid level. Confirm t he volum et ric flow rat e of t he exit st ream

G1- 21
G1 - 2 2 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

and specify t he vessel volum e ( Ra t in g t ab, Siz in g page) .

Ta n k V- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
W or k sh e e t LiqVol Flow ( DEA TO VALVE) 194.4 USGPM
[ Con dit ion s]
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] Volum e 346.4 ft 3
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Liquid Level 75%

Heat Exchanger Sizing

The Shell and Tube heat exchanger E- 100 will be sized wit h a 10 m inut e
residence t im e for bot h t he shell and t he t ube side ( ent er respect ive
sizes on t he Ra t in g t ab, Pa r a m e t e r s page) .

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r E- 1 0 0
Tu be Side Sizing
W or k sh e e t St d I deal Liq Vol Flow ( RI CH TO 498.27 USGPM
[ Con dit ion s] L/ R)
Ra t in g Volum e 666 ft 3
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
Sh e ll Side Siz in g
W or k sh e e t St d I deal Liq Vol Flow ( REGEN 691.3 USGPM
[ Con dit ion s] BTTMS TO L/ R)
Ra t in g Volum e 925.2 ft 3
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]

A 10 m inut e liquid residence t im e will also be used for sizing t he cooler

E- 101 ( D yn a m ics t ab, Spe cs page) .

Coole r E- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
W or k sh e e t St d I deal Liq Vol Flow ( DEA 194.4 USGPM
[ Con dit ion s] TO COOL)
D yn a m ics Volum e 259.8 ft 3
[ Spe cs]

Running the I ntegrator

1. Swit ch t o t he Dynam ic m ode by clicking t he D yn a m ic M ode but t on.
Click N o when asked if you want t he Dynam ics Assist ant t o help you
resolve it em s in St eady St at e before swit ching t o Dynam ic m ode.
2. Open t he Product Block for st ream Nit rogen Blanket .
3. Ensure t hat t he radio but t on for t em perat ure is select ed, and t he
value is specified as 7 0 °F .

G1- 22
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 2 3

4. Click t he Com posit ion t ab and set t he com posit ion t o 1 0 0 %

N it r oge n .
5. Ret urn t o t he Con dit ion s t ab, and press t he Ex por t Con dit ion s t o
St r e a m but t on.
6. Open t he I nt egrat or view and change t he St e p Size t o 0 .2 sec on
t he Ge n e r a l t ab.
7. Click t he Opt ion s t ab and m ake sure t hat t he Sin gu la r it y
a n a lysis be for e r u n n in g checkbox is select ed.
8. Run t he int egrat or for 2 m inut es t o ensur e t hat t he degrees of
freedom for pressure flow specificat ion is zero and all t he vessels
are sized. Select N on - Equ ilibr iu m V a pou r when asked how you
want t o init ialize V- 101.

G1.6.2 Adding a Control Schem e

The following Cont rollers will be used in t he Dynam ics m odel:
• Level
• Tem perat ure
• Pressure
• Flow

G1- 23
G1 - 2 4 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Level Controllers
Le ve l Cont r olle r N a m e V1 0 0 - LC
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect V- 100
Process Variable Liquid Percent Level
Out put Variable VLV- FWKO
Pa r a m e t e r s PVm in 0%
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
PVm ax 100%
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 50%
Kc 2
Ti 2
FLASH TK- LC
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect FLASH TK
Process Variable Liquid Percent Level
Out put Variable VLV- 101
Pa r a m e t e r s PVm in 0%
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
PVm ax 100%
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 50%
Kc 2
Ti 2

Le ve l Cont r olle r N a m e LI C- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect V- 101
Process Variable Liquid Percent Level
Out put Variable MAKEUP H2O
To size t h e Con t r ol Va lve for t h e M AKEUPH 2 O st r e a m , se le ct t h e
Con t r ol V a lve bu t t on .
FCV for M AKEUP H 2 O Flow Type Mass Flow
Min Available 0.0 lb/ hr
Max Available 1200 lb/ hr
Pa r a m e t e r s PVm in 0%
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
PVm ax 100%
Act ion Reverse
Mode Aut o
SP 50%
Kc 2
Ti 2

G1- 24
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 2 5

Le ve l Cont r olle r N a m e LI C- 1 0 0

Re b- LC@COL2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect Reboiler@COL2
Process Variable Liquid Percent Level
Out put Variable VLV- 102@Main
Pa r a m e t e r s PVm in 0%
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
PVm ax 100%
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 50%
Kc 2
Ti 2

Le ve l Cont r olle r N a m e Cond- LC@COL2

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect Condenser@ COL2
Process Variable Liquid Percent Level
Out put Variable Reflux
To size t h e Con t r ol Va lve for t h e Re flu x st r e a m , se le ct t h e Con t r ol
Va lve bu t t on .
FCV for Re flu x Flow Type Mass Flow
Min Available 0.0 lb/ hr
Max Available 5512 lb/ hr
Pa r a m e t e r s PVm in 0%
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
PVm ax 100%
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 50%
Kc 1
Ti 2

G1- 25
G1 - 2 6 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

Tem perature Controllers

Te m pe r a t u r e Con t r olle r
TI C- 1 0 0
Nam e
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect DEA TO PUMP
Process Variable Tem perat ure
Out put Variable COOLER Q
To size t h e Con t r ol Va lve for t h e Coole r D u t y st r e a m , se le ct t h e
Con t r ol Va lve bu t t on . To filt e r h igh fr e qu e n cy dist u r ba n ce s, click t h e
Pa r a m e t e r t a b, se le ct t h e PV Con dit ion in g pa ge , a n d ch a n ge t h e Fir st
Or de r Tim e Con st a n t fr om 1 5 t o 5 0 .
FCV for COOLER Q Dut y Source Direct Q
Min Available 0.0 Bt u/ hr
Max Available 2.4e7 Bt u/ hr
Pa r a m e t e r s [ Con figu r a t ion ] PVm in 32 F
PVm ax 122 F
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 91 F
Kc 10
Ti 10
TI C- 1 0 3 @COL2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect Main TS
Process Variable St age Tem perat ure
Variable Specifics 18_Main TS
Out put Variable RBLR Q
To size t h e Con t r ol Va lve for t h e Re boile r D u t y st r e a m , se le ct t h e
Con t r ol Va lve bu t t on .
FCV for RBLR Q Flow Type Direct Q
Min Available 0 Bt u/ hr
Max Available 1.9e7 Bt u/ hr
Pa r a m e t e r s [ Con figu r a t ion ] PVm in 176 F
PVm ax 302 F
Act ion Reverse
Mode Aut o
SP 255°F
Kc 2
Ti 5

Pressure Controllers
Pr e ssu r e Con t r olle r N a m e PI C- 1 0 0 @COL1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...

G1- 26
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 2 7

Pr e ssu r e Con t r olle r N a m e PI C- 1 0 0 @COL1

Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect TS- 1@COL1
Process Variable Top St age Pressure
Out put Variable VLV- 100@COL1
Pa r a m e t e r s [ Con figu r a t ion ] PVm in 950 psia
PVm ax 1050 psia
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 995 psia
Kc 2
Ti 2
PI C- 1 0 0 @COL2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect Condenser @COL2
Process Variable Vessel Pressure
Out put Variable VLV- 100@COL2
Pa r a m e t e r s [ Con figu r a t ion ] PVm in 0 psia
PVm ax 50 psia
Act ion Direct
Mode Aut o
SP 31 psia
Kc 2
Ti 2

Flow Controller
Flow Con t r olle r N a m e RECY- FC
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Process Obj ect DEA TO CONT
Process Variable Mass Flow
Out put Variable VLV- 103
Pa r a m e t e r s PVm in 0 lb/ hr
[ Con figu r a t ion ]
PVm ax 220460 lb/ hr
Act ion Reverse
Mode Aut o
SP 97700 lb/ hr
Kc 0.5
Ti 0.20

G1.6.3 Preparing Dynam ic

Sim ulation
Now t hat t he case is ready t o run in Dynam ic m ode, t he next st ep is

G1- 27
G1 - 2 8 D yn a m ic Sim u la t ion

inst alling a st rip chart t o m onit or t he general t rends of key variables.

Monitoring in Dynam ics

You m ay use several variables in t he sam e chart . I f you have a large
num ber of variables t hat you would like t o t rack, use several St rip
Chart s rat her t han use all of t he variables on one chart . You m ay use
t he sam e variable in m ore t han one St rip Chart .

For t his sim ulat ion case, use t he Dat abook ( CTRL D ) t o set up t wo st rip
chart s as defined in t he following sect ions.

StripChart1 - Contactor
Flow sh e e t Obj e ct V a r ia ble
Ca se DEA TO CONT Mass Flow
Ca se GAS TO CONTACTOR Mass Flow
Ca se SWEET GAS Mass Flow
Ca se RI CH DEA Mass Flow
Ca se SWEET GAS Pressure

StripChart2 - Regenerator
Flow sh e e t Obj e ct Va r ia ble
Ca se REGEN FEED Mass Flow
Ca se ACI D GAS Mass Flow
Ca se REGEN BTTMS Mass Flow
Ca se ACI D GAS Pressure

1. St art t he I nt egrat or and allow t he variables t o line out .

I f you get an init ial num erical error aft er you st art t he int egrat or,
st art t he int egrat or again. I n t he Session Preferences view
( Sim ulat ion t ab, Errors group) , you can direct t hese errors t o t he
t race window and have t he sim ulat ion cont inue regardless.
Aft er a few m inut es t he int egrat or will st op and an error m essage
will appear in t he t race window.
2. From t he Sim u la t ion m enu, select Equ a t ion Sum m a r y V ie w .
3. Click t he Uncove r ge d t ab and click t he Upda t e Sor t e d List
but t on.
The t op equat ion refers t o pum p P- 102. I f you exam ine t his pum p in
t he PFD you will see t hat it is fully on, but it s downst ream valve has
been com plet ely shut by a cont roller. As an advanced exercise, you

G1- 28
 Acid Ga s Sw e e t e nin g w it h D EA G1 - 2 9

can refine t he cont rol schem e t o address t his issue.

G1.7 References
Gerunda, Ar t hur. How t o Size Liquid- Vapour Separat ors Chem ical
Engineering, Vol. 88, No. 9, McGraw- Hill, New York, ( 1981) .

G1- 29
G1 - 3 0 Re fe r e n ce s

G1- 30
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 1

R1 Atm ospheric Crude

Tower
R1 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

R1 .2 Setup ........................................................................................... 4

R1 .3 Steady State Sim ulation .............................................................. 7

R1.3.1 Sim ulate the Pre-Fractionation Train ......................................... 7
R1.3.2 I nstall Atm ospheric Crude Fractionator ...................................... 9

R1 .4 Results .......................................................................................1 3

R1- 1
R1 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

R1.1 Process Description

Figu r e R1 .1

Aft er passing t hrough a preheat t rain, 100,000 barrel/ day of 29.32 o API
crude is fed int o a pre- flash separat or operat ing at 450 o F and 75 psia.
The vapour from t his separat or bypasses t he crude furnace and is re-
m ixed wit h t he hot ( 650 o F) pre- flash liquids leaving t he furnace. The
com bined st ream is t hen fed t o t he at m ospheric crude colum n.

The colum n operat es wit h a t ot al condenser, t hree coupled side

st rippers, and t hree pum p around circuit s.

Figu r e R1 .2

R1- 2
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 3

A napht ha product is produced overhead, a kerosene product is

produced from t he first side st ripper, a diesel product is produced from
t he second side st ripper, and an at m ospheric gas oil ( AGO) is produced
from t he t hird side st ripper. Bot h t he AGO side st ripper and t he diesel
side st ripper are ‘st eam st ripped’, while t he kerosene side st ripper has a
reboiler.

The following Assay dat a is used t o charact erize t he oil for t his
exam ple:

Assa y Liq Volu m e % Boilin g Te m pe r a t u r e ( °F)

0.0 15.0
4.5 90.0
9.0 165.0
14.5 240.0
20.0 310.0
30.0 435.0
40.0 524.0
50.0 620.0
60.0 740.0
70.0 885.0
76.0 969.0
80.0 1015.0
85.0 1050.0

Bulk Pr ope r t ie s
St andard Densit y 29.32 o API

Ligh t En ds Liq V olu m e %

Met hane 0.0065
Et hane 0.0225
Propane 0.3200
i- But ane 0.2400
n- But ane 0.8200
H2O 0.0000

There are t wo basic st eps in t his pr ocess sim ulat ion:

Any ot her library 1. Se t u p. The com ponent list m ust include C1 t o C4 light ends
com ponent s required for com ponent s as well as t he hypocom ponent s t hat will be used t o
t he overall sim ulat ion
represent t he C5+ port ion of t he crude oil. The Oil Charact erizat ion
( e.g., H2O) should be
select ed as well. procedure in UniSim Design will be used t o convert t he laborat ory
dat a int o pet roleum hypocom ponent s.
2. St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion. This case will be m odeled using a Pre-
Fract ionat ion Train consist ing of a Separat or and Heat er. The Out let
st ream will t hen fed t o an At m ospheric Crude Fract ionat or. The
result s will be displayed.

R1- 3
R1 - 4 Se t u p

R1.2 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preference view, set t he unit set t o Fie ld unit s.
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s:
m e t h a n e , e t ha ne , pr opa n e , i- bu t a n e , n - but a n e , and w a t e r.
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, define a fluid package wit h Pe n g-
Robin son as t he pr opert y package.

Oil Characterization
Click t he Oil En v ir on m e n t icon t o ent er t he Oil Charact erizat ion
Environm ent , using t he fluid package you j ust creat ed. Three st eps are
Oil Environm ent icon required for charact erizing t he oil:
1. Define t he Assay.
2. Creat e t he Blend.
3. I nst all Oil in t he Flowsheet .

Define the Assay

1. On t he Assay page of t he Oil Charact er izat ion view, click t he Add
but t on. This will creat e a new assay, and you will see t he Assay
view.
2. Change t he Bulk Pr ope r t ie s set t ing t o Use d.
3. Com plet e t he I nput dat a for t he Bulk Propert ies as shown below:

Figu r e R1 .3

4. Since t he TBP dat a is supplied, select TBP from t he Assay Dat a Type
drop- down list .
5. Select Liqu id Volu m e from t he Assay Basis drop- down list .

R1- 4
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 5

6. Click t he Edit Assa y but t on and ent er t he dat a as indicat ed in

Figure R1.4. When t he dat a ent r y is com plet e, click t he OK but t on.

Figu r e R1 .4

7. I n t he Assay Definit ion group, click t he Light Ends drop- down list
and select I n pu t Com posit ion .
8. I n t he I nput Dat a group, click t he Ligh t En ds radio but t on.
9. Ent er t he light ends dat a as follows.

Figu r e R1 .5

R1- 5
R1 - 6 Se t u p

You can scroll t hrough 10. Upon com plet ion of charact erizing t he assay, select t he Ca lcu la t e
t his t able t o view all 50 but t on. UniSim Design will calculat e t he Working Curves, which can
point s of t he Working be viewed on t he W or k in g Cur ve t ab.
Curve.

Figu r e R1 .6

11. Close t he Assay view.

Create the Blend (Cut the Oil)

1. Click t he Cu t / Ble n d t ab ( Oil Charact erizat ion view) and click t he
Add but t on. The Blend: Blend- 1 view appears.
2. Click t he D a t a t ab, t hen select t he Assay you creat ed in t he
Available Assays colum n.
3. Click t he Add but t on. UniSim Design will t ransfer t hat Assay t o t he
Oil Flow I nform at ion t able.
As a guideline, each Out let st ream from t he crude colum n should
cont ain a m inim um of 5 hypocom ponent s where t he com posit ion is
great er t han 1.0% . Therefore, a t ot al of 30 com ponent s should fulfil
t his requirem ent .
4. From t he Cut Opt ion Select ion drop- down list , select Use r Poin t s,
t hen specify t he Num ber of Cut s at 3 0 . UniSim Design will calculat e
t he hypocom ponent s.
5. Click t he Ta ble s t ab t o view t he hypocom ponent s.
6. From t he Table Type group dr op- down list , select M ola r
Com posit ion s.
7. Close t he Blend view.

R1- 6
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 7

I nstall Oil in the Flowsheet

The final st ep is t o inst all t he oil in t he flow sheet .
1. Click t he I n st a ll Oil t ab of t he Oil Charact erizat ion view.
2. I n t he St ream Nam e cell, t ype Ra w Cr u de . This is t he st ream nam e
where you would like t o “ inst all” t he oil.
3. On t he Oil Charact erizat ion view, click Re t u r n t o Ba sis
Envir onm e n t but t on.
4. Click t he En t e r Sim u la t ion En vir on m e n t but t on on t he Sim ulat ion
Basis Manager view t o ent er t he Main Environm ent . The Raw Crude
st ream has been inst alled.

R1.3 Steady State Sim ulation

The following m aj or st eps will be t aken t o set up t his case in st eady
st at e:
1. Sim u la t e t h e Pr e - Fr a ct ion a t ion Tr a in. This det erm ines t he feed
t o t he at m ospheric fract ionat or, and includes t he pre- flash
separat ion, crude furnace, and m ixer which recom bines t he pre-
flash vapour and furnace out let st ream .
2. I n st a ll t h e At m osph e r ic Cr u de Fr a ct ion a t or. Add t he colum n
st eam inlet s t o t he flowsheet and inst all t he crude fract ionat or using
t he rigorous dist illat ion colum n operat ion.

R1.3.1 Sim ulate the Pre-

Fractionation Train
I nlet Stream
Specify t he I nlet st ream ( Raw Crude) as shown below.

St r e a m [ Ra w Cr u de ]
I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Tem perat ure [ F] 450.0°F
Pressure [ psia] 75.0 psia
St d I deal Liq Vol Flow [ barrel/ day] 100,000 barrel/ day

Because t he com posit ion has been t ransferred from t he Oil

Charact erizat ion, t he st ream is aut om at ically flashed.

R1- 7
R1 - 8 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

Pre-Flash Operations
I nst all t he Separat or, Heat er, and Mixer and pr ovide t he inform at ion
displayed below:

Se pa r a t or [ Pr e Fla sh ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... Ent e r ...
D e sign I nlet Raw Crude
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let PreFlash Vap
Liquid Out let PreFlash Liq

H e a t e r [ Cr u de H e a t e r ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet PreFlash Liq
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Out let Hot Crude
Energy Crude Dut y
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Delt a P 10.00 psi
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure ( Hot Crude) 650 °F
[ Con dit ion s]

M ix e r [ M ix e r ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... Ent e r ...
D e sign I nlet s Hot Crude, PreFlash Vap
[ Con n e ct ion s] Out let At m Feed

The calculat ed specificat ions for t he Pre- Fract ionat ion At m Feed st ream
appear below.

Figu r e R1 .7

R1- 8
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 9

The Pre- Fract ionat ion t rain is shown as follows:

Figu r e R1 .8

R1.3.2 I nstall Atm ospheric Crude

Fractionator
Steam and Trim Duty Stream s
Before sim ulat ing t he at m ospheric crude t ow er, t he st eam feeds and
t he energy st r eam ( Q-Trim - represent ing t he side exchanger on st age
28) t o t he colum n m ust be defined.

An e ne r gy st r e a m ca n be inst a lle d by se le ct ing t he

a ppr opr ia t e icon fr om t he pa le t t e , or by t yping int o a N e w
N a m e fie ld on t he Ene r gy St r e a m s t a b of t h e W or k book vie w .

The Q-Trim st ream does not require any specificat ions, t his will be
calculat ed by t he Colum n.

These st ream s could be Three st eam st ream s are fed t o various locat ions in t he t ower. Specify
inst alled inside t he
t he st eam st ream s as shown below. Define t he com posit ion for each as
Colum n Build
Environm ent as well. By H 2 O = 1 .0 0 0 0 .
t aking t his approach,
you will need t o “ at t ach”
t hese st ream s t o t he Te m pe r a t u r e Pr e ssu r e M a ss Flow
St r e a m N a m e
Colum n Flowsheet so [ F] [ psia ] [ lb/ h r ]
t hat t hey can be used in M a in St e a m 375.00 150.00 7500.00
t he calculat ions.
D ie se l St e a m 300.00 50.00 3000.00
I n t his applicat ion, t he AGO St e a m 300.00 50.00 2500.00
I n pu t Ex pe r t s opt ion
have been t urned off,
and t he Colum n is being
configured direct ly
t hrough t he Propert y
Colum n
View.
The m ain colum n, At m s Tower, is repr esent ed by t he following:

R1- 9
R1 - 1 0 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

• Num ber of st ages is2 9 ideal st ages ( not including t he

condenser) .
• The overhead condenser operat es at 1 9 .7 psia and t he bot t om
st age at 3 2 .7 psia.
• The condenser experiences a 9 psi pressure drop.
• The t em perat ure est im at es for t he condenser, t op st age, and
bot t om st age are 1 0 0 oF, 2 5 0 oF and 6 0 0 oF, respect ively.
• Condensed wat er is rem oved via a wat er draw from th e t hree-
phase condenser.

UniSim Design com es wit h a 3 St ripper Crude Colum n t em plat e. A

Refluxed Absorber t em plat e could also be used, but t his would add t he
procedure of inst alling Side St rippers and Pum p Ar ounds.

For t his exam ple, inst all t he 3 St r ippe r Cr u de Colu m n cust om

t em plat e.
1. Select t he Cu st om Colu m n icon in t he Obj ect Palet t e, t hen click
t he Re a d a n Ex ist in g Colu m n Te m pla t e but t on. The Available
Colum n Tem plat es finder view appears.
Cust om Colum n icon 2. I n t he File s of t ype drop- down list , select Colu m n Te m pla t e s
( * .col) .
3. From t he list , select t he 3 sscr u de .col t em plat e file, t hen click t he
Ope n but t on.
The 3sscrude.col t em plat e inst alled 40 t rays, 29 in t he Main Tray
sect ion, 3 t rays in each of t he 3 Side St rippers ( 1 reboiled and 2
st eam st ripped) , a reboiler, and a condenser.
4. I n t he Colum n Propert y view, connect t he I nlet and Out let st ream s
t o t he colum n sub- flowsheet as shown ( D e sign t ab, Con n e ct ion s
page) .

Figu r e R1 .9

R1- 10
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 1 1

5. Modify t he Draw and Ret urn st ages of t he Pum p Arounds and Side
St r ippers on t he corresponding page of t he Side Ops t ab.

Figu r e R1 .1 0

Field unit s are used for 6. I n t he At m os Tower Colum n view, specify t he colum n inform at ion
colum n preferences.
below.

Colu m n [ At m s Tow e r ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Pa r a m e t e r s Condenser Pressure 19.7 psia
[ Pr ofile s] 29_Main TS Pressure 32.7 psia
Condenser Tem perat ure 100°F
1_Main TS Tem perat ure 250°F
29_Main TS Tem perat ure 600°F

Specifications
On t he M on it or page of t he D e sign t ab, m ake t he following changes
and input t he values int o t he default set of specificat ions supplied wit h
t he pre- built 3- Side St ripper Colum n.
1. Change all t he Pu m p Ar ou n d delt a T specificat ions t o a Dut y
specificat ion.
Open t he specificat ion 2. Delet e t he Ke r o SS BoilUp Ra t io and t he Re sidu e Ra t e specs.
propert y view by clicking
t he V ie w but t on, t hen 3. Specify t he Re flu x Ra t io spec t o have a value of 1. Clear t he Reflux
click D e le t e t o delet e Rat io Act ive checkbox and m ake it an Est im at e only.
t he specificat ion.
Change t he Flow Basis t o 4. Change t he following default specificat ions by select ing t he
St d I de a l V olu m e
specificat ion in t he t able and clicking t he Vie w but t on.
before ent ering values.

Spe cifica t ion Flow Ba sis Spe c Type Spe c Va lu e

Ke r o_ SS Pr od Flow Volum e 9300 barrel/ day
D ie se l_ SS Pr od Flow Volum e 1.925e+ 04 barrel/ day
AGO_ SS Pr od Flow Volum e 4500 barrel/ day
PA_ 1 _ Ra t e ( Pa ) Volum e 5.000e+ 04 barrel/ day
PA_ 1 _ D u t y( Pa ) Dut y - 5.500e+ 07 Bt u/ hr

R1- 11
R1 - 1 2 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

Spe cifica t ion Flow Ba sis Spe c Type Spe c Va lue

PA_ 2 _ Ra t e ( Pa ) Volum e 3.000e+ 04 barrel/ day
PA_ 2 _ D u t y( Pa ) Dut y - 3.500e+ 07 Bt u/ hr
PA_ 3 _ Ra t e ( Pa ) Volum e 3.000e+ 04 barrel/ day
PA_ 3 _ D u t y( Pa ) Dut y - 3.500e+ 07 Bt u/ hr
N a pt h a Pr od Ra t e Volum e 2.300e+ 04 barrel/ day

5. On t he Spe cs page of t he D e sign t ab, add t he following new

specificat ions by clicking t he Add but t on in Colum n Specificat ions
group.

Spe cifica t ion Type Va r ia ble ( Fie ld) Va lu e

Colu m n Liqu id Flow Nam e Overflash Spec
St ages 27_Main TS
Flow Basis St d I deal Vol
Spec Value 3500.00 barrel/ day
Colu m n D u t y Nam e Kero Reb Dut y
Energy St ream Kero_SS_Energy @COL1
Spec Value 7.5e+ 6 Bt u/ hr
Colu m n Va pou r Flow Nam e Vap Prod Flow
St age Condenser
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 0.00 lbm ole/ hr

The final specificat ion t able will appear as shown below:

Figu r e R1 .1 1

6. Once you have provided all of t he specificat ions, run t he colum n.

R1- 12
 At m osph e r ic Cr u de Tow e r R1 - 1 3

R1.4 Results
Workbook Case (Main)
The m at erial st ream result s for t he Wor kbook Case[ Main] appear
below.

Figu r e R1 .1 2

Workbook Case (Atm s Tower)

The m at erial st ream result s for t he Workbook Case [ At m s Tower]

R1- 13
R1 - 1 4 Re su lt s

appear below.

Figu r e R1 .1 3

R1- 14
 Sou r W a t e r St r ippe r R2 - 1

R2 Sour Water Stripper

R2 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

R2 .2 Setup ........................................................................................... 3

R2 .3 Steady State Sim ulation .............................................................. 3

R2.3.1 I nstalling the SW Stripper ....................................................... 4

R2 .4 Results ........................................................................................ 6

R2 .5 Case Study................................................................................... 7
R2.5.1 Results ................................................................................. 9

R2- 1
R2 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

R2.1 Process Description

Figu r e R2 .1

To see t his case The sour wat er st ripper configurat ion shown in t he above PFD is a
com plet ely solved, see com m on unit in refineries. I t pr ocesses sour wat er t hat com es from a
your UniSim
Design\ Sam ples\ variet y of sources including hydrot reat ers, reform ers, hydrocrackers,
direct ory and open t he and cr ude unit s. The sour wat er is oft en st ored in crude t anks, t hereby
R- 2.usc file.
elim inat ing t he need for special vapour recovery syst em s.

A sour wat er st ripper eit her uses t he direct applicat ion of st ripping
st eam ( usually low qualit y, low pressure) or a st eam - fir ed reboiler as a
heat source.

Figu r e R2 .2

The int ent is t o drive as m uch H2S and NH3 overhead in t he st ripper as
possible. The sizing of a sour wat er st ripper is very im port ant since it s
capacit y m ust equal or exceed t he norm al pr oduct ion rat es of sour
wat er from m ult iple sources in t he refinery. Oft en, refiners find t heir
st rippers undersized due t o a lack of allowance for handling large

R2- 2
 Sou r W a t e r St r ippe r R2 - 3

am ount s of sour wat er, which can result fr om upset condit ions ( like
st ar t- up and shut down) . Consequent ly, t here is oft en a backlog of sour
wat er wait ing t o be processed in t he st ripper. Wit h t he increasing
im port ance of environm ent al rest rict ions, t he sour wat er st ripper plays
a gr eat er role in t he overall pollut ion reduct ion pr ogram of refiners.

The Sour Wat er feed st ream goes t hr ough a feed/ effluent exchanger
where it recover s heat from t he t ow er bot t om s st ream ( St r ipper
Bot t om s) . This new st ream ( St ripper Feed) ent ers on t ray 3 of an 8 t ray
dist illat ion t ower wit h a reboiler and a t ot al reflux condenser. A qualit y
specificat ion of 10 ppm wt . am m onia on t he t ower bot t om s ( St ripper
Bot t om s) is specified. The t ower bot t om s, St ripper Bot t om s, exchanges
heat wit h t he incom ing feed and exit s as Effluent .

There are t wo basic st eps in t his pr ocess sim ulat ion:

1. Se t u p. This case uses t he Sour Peng- Robinson package and t he
following com ponent s: H2S, NH3 and H2O.
2. St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion. The case will consist of an 8 st age
st ripper, used t o separat e H2S and NH3, and a heat exchanger t o
m inim ize heat loss.

R2.2 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, set t he unit set t o Fie ld unit s.
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s: H 2 S,
N H 3 and H 2 O.
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, select t he Sou r PR proper t y package.
Sour Peng- Robinson com bines t he PR equat ion of st at e and Wilson’s
API - Sour m odel for handling sour wat er syst em s.

R2.3 Steady State Sim ulation

The following general st eps will be t aken t o set up t his case in st eady
st at e:
1. I n st a llin g t h e SW St r ippe r . An 8 st age dist illat ion colum n will be
used t o st rip t he sour com ponent s from t he feed st ream . The liquid
leaving t he bot t om of t he colum n heat s t he incom ing feed st ream in
a heat exchanger.
2. Ca se St u dy . A case st udy will be perform ed t o obt ain st eady st at e
solut ions for a range of st ripper feed t em perat ures.

R2- 3
R2 - 4 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

R2.3.1 I nstalling the SW Stripper

Feed Stream
Specify t he feed st ream as shown below.

M a t e r ia l St r e a m [ Sou r H 2 O Fe e d]
I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Te m pe r a t u r e 100°F
Pr e ssu r e 40 psia
St d I de a l Liq Vol Flow 50,000 barrel/ day
Com p M a ss Fr a c [ H 2 S] 0.0070
Com p M a ss Fr a c [ N H 3 ] 0.0050
Com p M a ss Fr a c [ H 2 O] 0.9880

Operations
1. I nst all and specify t he Heat Exchanger as shown below.

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r [ Fe e d Bot t om s]
Ta b[ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Tube Side I nlet Sour H2O Feed
[ Con n e ct ion s] Tube Side Out let St ripper Feed
Shell Side I nlet St ripper Bot t om s
Shell Side Out let Effluent
D e sign Heat Exchanger Model Exchanger Design
[ Pa r a m e t e r s] ( Weight ed)
Tube Side Delt a P 10 psi
Shell Side Delt a P 10 psi
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure ( St ripper 200°F
[ Con dit ion s] Feed)

2. I nst all a Dist illat ion Colum n. This colum n will have bot h a reboiler
and an over head condenser.

R2- 4
 Sou r W a t e r St r ippe r R2 - 5

I f m essages appear 3. Define t he Colum n configurat ion as show n below.

regarding loading an
older case or inst alling
propert y set s, click t he Colu m n [ SW St r ippe r ]
OK but t on. They will not Pa ge I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
affect t he case.
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 8
I nlet St ream St ripper Feed
I nlet St age 3
Condenser Type Full Reflux
Ovhd Vapour Off Gas
Bot t om s Liquid St ripper Bot t om s
Reboiler Energy St ream Q- Reb
Condenser Energy St eam Q- Cond
Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile Condenser Pressure 28.7 psia
Reboiler Pressure 32.7 psia

4. I n t he Colum n propert y view, click t he D e sign t ab, t hen select t he

M on it or page.
I n t he present configurat ion, t he colum n has t wo degrees of
fr eedom . For t his exam ple, t he t wo specificat ions used will be a
qualit y specificat ion and a reflux rat io.
5. Modify t he exist ing specificat ion based on t he inform at ion below:

Colu m n [ SW St r ippe r ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] V a r ia ble Spe c M odify
D e sign [ Spe cs] Ovhd Vap Rat e Act ive = uncheck
Reflux Rat io Act ive = checked
Spec Value = 10 Molar

To add a new 6. Add a Com pon e n t Fr a ct ion specificat ion, and ent er t he following
specificat ion, click t he
inform at ion in t he Com p Fr a c Spe c view :
Add Spe c but t on.

Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Pa r a m e t e r s Nam e NH3 Mass Frac
( Reboiler)
St age Reboiler
Spec Value 0.000010
Com ponent Am m onia
Su m m a r y Act ive Checked
Reflux Rat io Act ive
Spec Value 10 Molar

For m ore inform at ion on 7. Click t he Pa r a m e t e r s t ab, t hen select t he Solve r page. Change t he
which dam ping fact or is Fixed Dam ping Fact or t o 0 .4 .
recom m ended for
different syst em s, refer t o A dam ping fact or will speed up t ower convergence and reduce t he
Ch a pt e r 8 - Colu m n of effect s of any oscillat ions in t he calculat ions ( t he default value is
t he Un iSim D e sign
Ope r a t ion s Gu ide .
1.0) .

R2- 5
R2 - 6 Re su lt s

8. Run t he colum n t o calculat e t he values by clicking t he Ru n but t on.

R2.4 Results
Workbook Case (Main)
Materials Stream s Tab

Figu r e R2 .3

R2- 6
 Sou r W a t e r St r ippe r R2 - 7

Com positions Tab

Figu r e R2 .4

Energy Stream s Tab

Figu r e R2 .5

R2.5 Case Study

The sim ulat ion can be run for a range of St ripper Feed t em perat ures
( e.g., 190°F t hrough 210°F in 5 degr ee increm ent s) by changing t he
t em perat ure specified for St ripper Feed in t he worksheet .

You can aut om at e t hese changes by using t he Case St udies feat ure in
t he Dat aBook.

R2- 7
R2 - 8 Ca se St u dy

1. Open t he Dat aBook propert y view ( Tools m enu) .

2. On t he Va r ia ble s t ab, ent er t he variables as shown below.

Flow sh e e t Obj e ct Va r ia ble s Va r ia ble s D e scr ipt ion

Ca se Q- Cond Heat Flow Cooling Wat er
Q- Reb Heat Flow St eam
St ripper Feed Tem perat ure Tem perat ure
Feed Bot t om s UA UA
T- 1 0 0 Main TS St age Liq Net Mass Liq MF Tray 2
SW St r ippe r Flow ( 2__Main TS)
Main TS St age Liq Net Mass Liq MF Tray 7
Flow ( 7__Main TS)
Main TS St age Vap Net Mass Vap MF Tray 2
Flow ( 2__Main TS)
Main TS St age Vap Net Mass Vap MF Tray 7
Flow ( 7__Main TS)

3. Click t he Ca se St u die s t ab.

4. I n t he Available Case St udies group, click t he Add but t on t o creat e
Case St udy 1.
5. Check t he I ndependent and Dependent Variables as shown below.

Figu r e R2 .6

To aut om at e t he st udy, t he I ndependent Variable range and St ep

Size m ust be given.

R2- 8
 Sou r W a t e r St r ippe r R2 - 9

6. Click t he V ie w but t on t o access t he Case St udies Set up view.

Tem perat ure values Define t he range and st ep size for t he St r ipper Feed Tem perat ure as
are given in °F.
shown below.

Figu r e R2 .7

7. To begin t he St udy, click t he St a r t but t on.

8. Click t he Re su lt s but t on t o view t he variables. I f t he result s are in
graphical form , click t he Ta ble radio but t on on t he Case St udies
view.

R2.5.1 Results
The result s of t his st udy appear below.

Figu r e R2 .8

R2- 9
R2 - 1 0 Ca se St u dy

R2- 10
 Pr opyle ne / Pr opa ne Split t e r P1 - 1

P1 Propylene/ Propane
Splitter
P1 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

P1 .2 Setup ........................................................................................... 3

P1 .3 Steady State Sim ulation .............................................................. 3

P1.3.1 Starting the Sim ulation ........................................................... 3
P1.3.2 Adding the Stripper (Reboiled Absorber) .................................... 4
P1.3.3 Adding the Rectifier (Refluxed Absorber) ................................... 5
P1.3.4 Adding the Specifications......................................................... 6

P1 .4 Results ........................................................................................ 7

P1- 1
P1 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

P1.1 Process Description

Figu r e P1 .1

A propylene- propane split t er is generally an easy colum n t o converge.

The crit ical fact or in producing good result s, however, is not t he ease of
solut ion, but t he accurat e predict ion of t he relat ive volat ilit y of t he t wo
key com ponent s. Special considerat ion was given t o t hese com ponent s,
and ot hers, in developing t he binary int eract ion coefficient s for t he Peng
Robinson and Soave Redlich Kw ong Equat ions of St at e t o ensure t hat
t hese m et hods correct ly m odel t his syst em .

Figu r e P1 .2

These split t ers have m any st ages and are oft en built as t w o separat e
colum ns. This sim ulat ion will cont ain t wo Colum ns, a St r ipper, and a
Rect ifier. The St ripper is m odeled as a Reboiled Absorber and cont ains
94 t heoret ical st ages. The Rect ifier is a Refluxed Absorber cont aining 89
t heoret ical st ages. The St ripper cont ains t wo feed st ream s, one is t he

P1- 2
 Pr opyle n e / Pr opa n e Split t e r P1 - 3

known st ream , FEED, and t he ot her is t he bot t om s fr om t he Rect ifier.

Propane is recovered from t he St ripper bot t om s ( 95% ) and Propene is
t aken off t he t op of t he Rect ifier ( 99% ) .

There are t wo basic st eps in t his pr ocess sim ulat ion:

1. Set up. The Soave Redlich Kwong ( SRK) propert y package will be
used and t he com ponent list includes Pr opane and Propene.
2. St eady St at e Sim ulat ion. The case will consist of a colum n divided
int o t wo t ray sect ions: a Refluxed Absorber as a Rect ifier and a
Reboiled Absorber as a St ripper.

P1.2 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, set t he unit set t o Field unit s.
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following t w o com ponent s:
Propane and Propene.
I t m ay be easier t o search by chem ical for m ula ( C3H8 and C3H6) ,
as t he ent ire list is quit e ext ensive.
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, select t he Soave Redlich Kwong ( SRK)
equat ion of st at e ( EOS) as t he propert y m et hod for t his case.
Ensure t hat t he select ed com ponent you j ust creat ed appears in t he
Com ponent List Select ion drop- down list .

P1.3 Steady State Sim ulation

The case will be set up in st eady st at e using t he Cust om Colum n opt ion.
Bot h t he Rect ifier and St ripper colum ns will be built in t he sam e colum n
environm ent .

P1.3.1 Starting the Sim ulation

Defining the Feed Stream
I n t he Main Sim ulat ion environm ent , define t he condit ions and
com posit ions of t he Feed st ream as shown in t he follow ing t able.

M a t e r ia l St r e a m [ Fe e d]
I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Nam e Feed
Vapour Frac 1.0
Pressure 300 psia
Molar Flow 1350 lbm ole/ hr

P1- 3
P1 - 4 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

M a t e r ia l St r e a m [ Fe e d]
Com p Mole Frac [ Propane] 0.4
Com p Mole Frac [ Propene] 0.6

I nstalling the Colum n

1. Click t he Cust om Colum n icon on t he Obj ect Palet t e. The Cust om
Colum n feat ure will be used t o build bot h colum ns in a single
colum n environm ent .
2. Click t he St art wit h a Blank Flowsheeet but t on. The colum n appears
in t he PFD.
3. Double- click t he colum n in t he PFD t o open t he Colum n view.
4. Click t he Design t ab and select t he Connect ions page.
5. I n t he I nlet St r eam s group, ent er st ream Feed as an Ext ernal Feed
St ream , m aking t his st ream accessible t o t he Tem plat e
Environm ent .
6. Ent er t he Colum n Environm ent by clicking t he Colum n Environm ent
but t on at t he bot t om of t he Colum n propert y view.

For t his exam ple, you will need a Tot al Condenser, Reboiler and t wo
Tray Sect ions. A Tray Sect ion and a Condenser will be used for t he
Refluxed Absorber ( Rect ifier) , a Reboiler and anot her Tray Sect ion will
be used for t he Reboiled Absorber ( St ripper) . The overhead product
from t he St ripper will serve as t he feed t o t he Rect ifier, and t he bot t om s
product from t he Rect ifier provides a second feed t o t he St ripper,
ent ering at St age 1.

P1.3.2 Adding the Stripper

(Reboiled Absorber)
I nst all t he Reboiled Absorber before t he Reboiler. This colum n has 94
ideal st ages and a Reboiler.

Ensure t hat you are wit hin t he Colum n Environm ent ; t he PFD view and
t he Colum n Obj ect Palet t e should be visible ( as shown on t he left ) .

I nstalling the Tray Section

For t his Colum n a new Tray Sect ion has t o be inst alled.
Colum n Obj ect Palet t e 1. Double- click t he Tray Sect ion icon on t he Colum n Obj ect Palet t e.
The t ray sect ion appears in t he PFD and t he Tray Sect ion pr opert y

Tray Sect ion icon

P1- 4
 Pr opyle n e / Pr opa n e Split t e r P1 - 5

view appears.
2. Supply t he following inform at ion.

Tr a y Se ct ion [ St r ippe r ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Colum n Nam e St ripper
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Liquid I nlet Rect Out
Vapour I nlet Boilup
Vapour Out let To Rect
Liquid Out let To Reboiler
Opt ional Feed St ream s Feed ( St age 47)
Define t he Num ber of D e sign Num ber of Trays 94
Trays on t he Param et ers [ Pa r a m e t e r s]
page first . D e sign Tray 1 290 psia
[ Pr e ssu r e s]
Tray 94 300 psia

3. Close t he Tray Sect ion view.

I nstalling the Reboiler

The Reboiler for t he Absorber m ust be inst alled wit h t he St ripper
Colum n.
1. Double- click t he Reboiler icon on t he Colum n Obj ect Palet t e. The
Reboiler appears in t he PFD and t he Reboiler propert y view appears.
2. Ent er t he following inform at ion.
Reboiler icon
Re boile r [ Re boile r ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... Ent e r ...
D e sign Nam e Reboiler
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Boilup Boilup
I nlet s To Reboiler
Bot t om s Out let Propane
Energy Reboiler Dut y

P1.3.3 Adding the Rectifier

(Refluxed Absorber)
Next , you will inst all t he Rect ifier. This colum n has 89 ideal st ages and a
Tot al Condenser.

I nstalling the Tray Section

I nst all a new Tray Sect ion for t he Absorber.

P1- 5
P1 - 6 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

1. Double- click t he Tray Sect ion icon on t he Obj ect Palet t e.

2. I n t he Tray Sect ion view, supply t he param et ers as shown below.

Tr a y Se ct ion [ Re ct ifie r ]
Tray Sect ion icon
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Nam e Rect ifier
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Liquid I nlet Reflux
Vapour I nlet To Rect
Vapour Out let To Condenser
Liquid Out let Rect Out
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Num ber of Trays 89
D e sign [ Pr e ssu r e s] Tray 1 280 psia
Tray 89 290 psia

3. Close t he Tray Sect ion view.

I nstalling the Total Condenser

A Tot al Condenser is required for t he colum n.
1. Double- click t he Tot al Condenser icon in t he Obj ect Palet t e. The
condenser icon appears in t he PFD, and t he condenser propert y
view appears.
Tot al Condenser icon
2. Supply t he following inform at ion.

Tot a l Con de n se r [ Con de n se r ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Nam e Condenser
[ Con n e ct ion s]
I nlet s To Condenser
Dist illat e Propene
Reflux Reflux
Energy Condenser Dut y

P1.3.4 Adding the Specifications

Two specificat ions are required for t his colum n.
• Flow of t he Rect ifier Dist illat e ( Propene) is 775 lbm ole/ hr.
• Rect ifier Top St age Reflux Rat io is 16.
1. Ret urn t o t he Parent environm ent and ensure t he Colum n propert y
view is visible.
2. Click t he Design t ab and select Monit or page.
To add a specificat ion, 3. Add a Colum n Draw Rat e and Colum n Reflux Rat io specificat ions.
click t he Add Spec but t on.

P1- 6
 Pr opyle n e / Pr opa n e Split t e r P1 - 7

4. Ent er t he following inform at ion for t he appropriat e specificat ion:

Colu m n D r a w Ra t e
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Pa r a m e t e r s Draw Propene
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 775 lbm ole/ hr.

Colu m n Re flu x Ra t io
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Pa r a m e t e r St age Condenser
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 16.4

I f t he colum n has not converged at t his point , ensure t he Run

Colum n Solver icon is act ive.
Run Colum n Solver icon
( green)
Hold Colum n Solver icon
( red)
P1.4 Results
Go t o t he Workbook of t he Colum n: T- 100 colum n environm ent t o check
t he following result s.

P1- 7
P1 - 8 Re su lt s

Material Stream s Tab

Figu r e P1 .3

Com positions Tab

Figu r e P1 .4

P1- 8
 Pr opyle n e / Pr opa n e Split t e r P1 - 9

Energy Stream s Tab

Figu r e P1 .5

P1- 9
P1 - 1 0 Re su lt s

P1- 10
 Et h a n ol Pla nt C1 - 1

C1 Ethanol Plant

C1 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

C1 .2 Setup ........................................................................................... 4

C1 .3 Steady State Sim ulation .............................................................. 5

C1.3.1 Adding Stream s ..................................................................... 5
C1.3.2 I nstalling Equipm ent ............................................................... 5
C1.3.3 Draw Stream Location ...........................................................10

C1 .4 Results .......................................................................................1 2

C1- 1
C1 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

C1.1 Process Description

Typically, an et hanol ferm ent at ion process pr oduces m ainly Et hanol plus
sm all quant it ies of several by- product s: m et hanol, 1- propanol, 2-
propanol, 1- but anol, 3- m et hyl- 1- but anol, 2- pent anol, acet ic acid, and
CO2.

Figu r e C1 .1

To see t his case

com plet ely solved,
see your UniSim
Design\ Sam ples\
direct ory and open
t he C- 2 .usc file.

Et hanol and Wat er for m an azeot ropic m ixt ure at 1 at m . Ther efore, w it h
sim ple dist illat ion, t he et hanol and wat er m ixt ure can only be
concent rat ed up t o t he azeot ropic concent rat ion.

The CO2 produced in t he ferm ent at ion vessel carries som e et hanol. This
CO2 st ream is washed wit h wat er in a vessel ( CO2 Wash) t o recover t he
Et hanol, which is recycled t o t he ferm ent or.

Figu r e C1 .2

The Et hanol rich product st ream fr om t he ferm ent or is sent t o a

concent rat ion ( Conc) t ow er. An absor ber wit h a side vapour draw can be

C1- 2
 Et h a n ol Pla n t C1 - 3

used t o repr esent t his t ow er.

The t op vapour is fed t o a light purificat ion t ower ( Light s) where m ost
of t he rem aining CO2 and som e light alcohols are vent ed. The bot t om
product of t his light t ower is fed t o t he Rect ifier.

Figu r e C1 .3

The side vapour draw from t he Concent rat or is t he m ain feed for t he
Rect ifier. The Rect ifier is operat ed as a convent ional dist illat ion t ower.
The product of t his t ower is t aken from St age 2 so t o have an
azeot r opic et hanol product wit h a lesser m et hanol cont am inat ion.
Met hanol concent rat es t owards t he t op st ages, so a sm all dist illat e
draw is provided at t he condenser. Also, a sm all vent for CO2 is

C1- 3
C1 - 4 Se t u p

provided at t he condenser.

Figu r e C1 .4

Fusel oils are a m ixt ure Anot her fact or of int erest is t he concent rat ion of heavy alcohols in t he
of propanols, but anols, int erior of t he Rect ifier. These alcohols are norm ally referred t o as Fusel
and pent anols t hat have
a pot ent ial value superior oils, and a sm all side liquid draw is provided in t he Rect ifier t o recover
t o t hat of et hanol. t hese com ponent s.
Accum ulat ion of fusel oils
in t he Rect ificat ion Tower
can cause t he form at ion There ar e t wo general st eps in t his process sim ulat ion:
of a second liquid phase
and subsequent
1. Se t u p. The NRTL propert y package and t he UNI FAC VLE est im at ion
det eriorat ion of m et hod will be used for t his case. The Com ponent s list includes
perform ance for t hese Et hanol, H2O, CO2, Met hanol, Acet ic Acid, 1- Propanol, 2- Propanol,
t rays, so sm all side liquid 1- But anol, 3- M- 1- C4ol, 2- Pent anol and Glycerol.
draws of fusel oils are
inst alled on t he rect ifier 2. St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion. This case w ill use a separat or, t w o
t o avoid t his problem . absorbers, a refluxed absorber and a dist illat ion colum n.

C1.2 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, set t he unit set t o SI .
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s:
Et ha nol, H 2 O, CO2 , M e t h a n ol, Ace t ic Acid, 1 - Pr opa nol, 2 -
Pr opa n ol, 1 - But a n ol, 3 - M - 1 - C4 ol, 2 - Pe n t a n ol, and Glyce r ol.
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, select N RTL as t he propert y package.
4. On t he Bin a r y Coe ffs t ab of t he Fluid Package view, select t he
UN I FAC VLE radio but t on and click t he Un k n ow n s On ly but t on t o
est im at e t he m issing int eract ion param et ers.

C1- 4
 Et h a n ol Pla n t C1 - 5

C1.3 Steady State Sim ulation

C1.3.1 Adding Stream s
Once you have ent ered Ent er t he Sim ulat ion environm ent and add t he m at erial st ream s
t he Mole Fract ions for
t he st ream From Ferm ,
defined below.
t he Mole Fract ions will
not add up t o 1.00. Click Nam e W a sh H 2 O Fr om Fe r m St e a m A
t he N or m a lize but t on
and t he t ot al Mole I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ... En t e r ... En t e r ...
Fract ion will equal 1.00. Te m pe r a t u r e [ C] 25 30 140
Pr e ssu r e [ k Pa ] 101.3250 101.3250 101.3250
M ola r Flow [ k gm ole / h r ] 130 2400
M a ss Flow [ k g/ h r ] 11000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ Et h a n ol] 0.0000 0.0269 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ H 2 O] 1.0000 0.9464 1.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ CO2 ] 0.0000 0.0266 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ M e t h a n ol] 0.0000 2.693e- 05 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ Ace t ic Acid] 0.0000 3.326e- 06 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ 1 - Pr opa nol] 0.0000 9.077e- 06 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ 2 - Pr opa nol] 0.0000 9.096e- 06 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ 1 - But a n ol] 0.0000 6.578e- 06 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ 3 - M - 1 - C4 ol] 0.0000 2.148e- 05 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ 2 - Pe n t a n ol] 0.0000 5.426e- 06 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ Glyce r ol] 0.0000 6.64e- 06 0.0000

C1.3.2 I nstalling Equipm ent

CO2 Vent Separator
The CO2Vent Separat or separat es t he product s from t he ferm ent or. The
bot t om liquid of t he separat or is sent t o t he dist illat ion sect ion of t he
plant ( Concent rat or Tower) , while t he overhead vapour goes t o t he
CO2Wash Tower.

I nst all a Separat or and m ake t he connect ions shown below.

SEPARATOR [ CO2 Ve n t ]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet s From Ferm
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let To CO2Wash
Liquid Out let Beer

C1- 5
C1 - 6 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

CO2 Wash Tower

Wat er is used t o st rip any Et hanol ent rained in t he off gas m ixt ure, t hus
producing an overhead of essent ially pure CO2. The bot t om product
from t he t ower is recycled t o t he Ferm ent or, how ever, t he recycle is not
a concern in t his exam ple.
1. Before inst alling t he colum n, select Pr e fe r e n ce s from t he UniSim
Design Tools m enu.
2. On t he Opt ion s page of t he Sim u la t ion t ab, ensure t hat t he Use
I n pu t Ex pe r t s checkbox is checked, t hen close t he view.
3. I nst all t he CO2 Wash Tow er as a sim ple Absor ber.

Absor be r [ CO2 W ASH ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... Ent e r ...
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 10
Top St age I nlet Wash H2O
Bot t om St age I nlet To CO2Wash
Ovhd Vapour CO2 St ream
Bot t om s Liquid To ferm ent or
Pr e ssu r e Top St age 101.325 kPa
Pr ofile Bot t om St age 101.325 kPa

4. Click t he Run but t on in t he Colum n propert y view t o calculat e t he

CO2 Wash Tower pr oduct st ream s.

Concentrator
1. I nst all t he Concent rat or as an Absorber wit h a side vapour draw.

Absor be r [ CON C]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 17
Top St age I nlet Beer
Bot t om St age I nlet St eam A
Ovhd Vapour To Light
Bot t om s Liquid St illage A
Side Draw Vapour Rect Feed ( St age 6)
Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile Top St age 101.325 kPa
Bot t om St age 102.325 kPa
Te m pe r a t u r e Condenser Tem perat ure 90°C
Est im a t e s Reboiler Tem perat ure 110°C

C1- 6
 Et h a n ol Pla n t C1 - 7

You m ight have t o 2. Creat e and define t he following specificat ions t o fully specify t he
deact ivat e t he default colum n.
Rect Feed Rat e
specificat ion t o converge
t he colum n. Spe cifica t ion s
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Spe cs] Com p Recovery Act ive
Draw Rect Feed
SpecValue 0.95
Com ponent Et hanol
Draw Rat e 1 Est im at e
Draw Rect Feed
Flow Basis Mass
Spec Value 5000 kg/ h
Draw Rat e 2 Est im at e
Draw To_Light
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 1000 kgm ole/ h

3. Click t he Run but t on in t he Colum n pr opert y view t o calculat e t he

Concent rat or pr oduct st ream s.

Lights
1. Add t he Light s Tower purificat ion t ower, m odeled as a Refluxed
Absorber, and define as indicat ed below.

Re flu x e d Absor be r [ Ligh t s]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 5
Bot t om I nlet St ream s To Light
Condenser Type Part ial
Ovhd Vapour Light Vent
Ovhd Liquid 2ndEt OH
Bot t om s Liquid To Rect
Cond. Energy CondDut y
Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile Condenser 101.325 kPa
Bot t om St age 101.325 kPa

2. Delet e t he default Bt m s Pr od Ra t e and Re flux Ra t e specificat ions

from t he Colum n Specificat ion group.

C1- 7
C1 - 8 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

3. Add t he following new colum n specificat ions ( D e sign t ab, Spe cs

page) .

Spe cifica t ion s

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Spe cs] Vap Prod Rat e Act ive
Draw Light _Vent
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 1.6 kgm ole/ hr
Com p Fract ion Act ive
St age Condenser
Flow Basis Mass Fract ion
Phase Liquid
Spec Value 0.88
Com ponent Et hanol
Reflux Rat io Est im at e
St age Condenser
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 5.00
Dist illat e Rat e Est im at e
Draw 2ndEt OH
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 2.10 kgm ole/ hr

4. I f required, click t he Ru n but t on in t he Colum n pr opert y view t o

calculat e t he Light Tower product st ream s.

Rectifier
The prim ary product from a plant such as t his would be t he azeot ropic
m ixt ure of et hanol and wat er. The Rect ifier serves t o concent rat e t he
wat er/ et hanol m ixt ure t o near azeot ropic com posit ion. The Rect ifier is
operat ed as a convent ional dist illat ion t ower. I t cont ains a part ial
condenser as well as a reboiler.
1. Add t he Rect ifier colum n, m odeled as a dist illat ion t ower, and define

C1- 8
 Et h a n ol Pla n t C1 - 9

it using t he following inform at ion.

Colu m n [ RECT]
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s No. of St ages 29
I nlet St ream s [ St age] To Rect [ 19] , Rect _Feed
[ 22]
Condenser Type Part ial
Ovhd Vapour Rect Vap
Ovhd Liquid Rect Dist
Bot t om s Liquid St illage B
Reboiler Energy Rect RebQ
Condenser Energy Rect CondQ
Side Draw Liquid [ St age] 1st Prod [ 2] , Fusel [ 20]
Pr e ssu r e Pr ofile Condenser Pressure 101.325 kPa
Reboiler Pressure 101.325 kPa
Te m pe r a t u r e Condenser 79°C
Est im a t e s
Reboiler 100°C

2. Delet e t he default Bt m s Pr od Ra t e and Re flux Ra t e specificat ions

before adding t he new specificat ions. Delet e all specificat ions t hat
do not appear in t he following t able.

C1- 9
C1 - 1 0 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

3. Define t he following specificat ions ( D e sign t ab, Spe cs page) . Also,

set t he dam ping fact or t o accelerat e t he convergence.

Spe cifica t ion s

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Spe cs] Reflux Rat io Act ive
St age Condenser
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 7100
Ovhd Vap Rat e Act ive
Draw Rect _Vap
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 0.100 kgm ole/ hr
Draw Rat e Act ive
Draw Rect _Dist
Flow Basis Mass
Spec Value 2.00 kg/ hr
Com p Frac Act ive
St age 2_Main TS
Flow Basis Mass Fract ion
Phase Liquid
Spec Value 0.95
Com ponent Et hanol
Fusel Draw Rat e Act ive
Draw Fusel
Flow Basis Mass
Spec Value 3.00 kg/ hr
1st Prod Draw Rat e Est im at e
Draw 1st Prod
Flow Basis Molar
Spec Value 68.00 kgm ole/ hr
Pa r a m e t e r s [ Solve r ] Dam ping Fact or 0.25
Fixed
Azeot rope Check ON

4. Click t he Run but t on t o solve t he colum n.

C1.3.3 Draw Stream Location

The side liquid draw, Fusel, is added at st age 20. To det erm ine if t his is
an appropriat e st age t o recover t he heavy alcohols, view t he st age- by-
st age com posit ion profile.
1. To exam ine t his inform at ion, click t he Pa r a m e t e r s t ab in t he

C1- 10
 Et h a n ol Pla n t C1 - 1 1

Colum n propert y view.

2. Select t he Est im a t e s page. I n t his view you can see t he
Com posit ion Est im at es of each t ray.

Figu r e C1 .5

3. To view t he 1- Propanol com posit ion on Tray 20, scroll t hrough t he

group unt il you can see Tray 20 and t he 1- Propanol com ponent .
St age 20 has a high concent rat ion of 1- Propanol ( which has t he
great est concent rat ion am ong t he heavy alcohols) . Therefore, we
have select ed t he appropriat e st age for t he Fusel draw.

C1- 11
C1 - 1 2 Re su lt s

C1.4 Results
Workbook Case (Main)
Material Stream s Tab
Figu r e C1 .6

C1- 12
 Et h a n ol Pla n t C1 - 1 3

Com positions Tab

Figu r e C1 .7

Energy Stream s Tab

Figu r e C1 .8

C1- 13
C1 - 1 4 Re su lt s

C1- 14
 Syn t h e sis Ga s Pr odu ct ion C2 - 1

C2 Synthesis Gas
Production
C2 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

C2 .2 Setup ........................................................................................... 3

C2 .3 Steady State Sim ulation .............................................................. 6

C2.3.1 Building the Flowsheet ............................................................ 6
C2.3.2 I nstalling Adjust Operations..................................................... 9

C2 .4 Results .......................................................................................1 1

C2- 1
C2 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

C2.1 Process Description

Figu r e C2 .1

The product ion of synt hesis gas is an im port ant part of t he overall
process of synt hesizing am m onia. The conversion of nat ural gas int o
t he feed for t he am m onia plant is m odeled using t hree conversion
react ions and an equilibrium react ion. To facilit at e t he product ion of
am m onia, t he m olar rat io of hydr ogen t o nit rogen in t he synt hesis gas
is cont rolled near 3: 1. This rat io represent s t he st oichiom et ric am ount s
of t he react ant s in t he am m onia process.

I n a t ypical synt hesis gas process, four r eact or s are needed. This m odel
requires five react ors since t he conversion and equilibrium react ions
cannot be placed in t he sam e react ion set and t hus cannot be placed in
t he sam e react or. The Com bust or is separat ed int o a conversion react or
and an equilibrium react or.

Desulfurized nat ural gas is t he source of hydrogen in t his exam ple,

which is reform ed in a conversion react or ( Reform er) when com bined
wit h st eam . Air is added t o t he second react or at a cont rolled flow rat e
such t hat t he desired rat io of H2: N2 in t he synt hesis gas is at t ained.

The oxygen fr om t he air is consum ed in an exot herm ic com bust ion

react ion while t he inert nit rogen passes t hrough t he syst em . The
addit ion of st eam serves t he dual purpose of m aint aining t he react or
t em perat ure and ensuring t hat t he excess m et hane fr om t he nat ural
gas st ream is consum ed. I n t he last t wo react ors, t he wat er- gas shift
equilibrium react ion t akes place as t he t em perat ur e of t he st ream is

C2- 2
 Syn t he sis Ga s Pr odu ct ion C2 - 3

successively lowered.

There ar e t wo general st eps in t his process sim ulat ion:

1. Se t u p. I n t his st ep t he Fluid package, React ion set s and React ion
com ponent s are select ed. The React ion Com ponent list includes
CH4, H2O, CO, CO2, H2, N2 and O2.
2. St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion. The case will be built in st eady st at e
wit h t he following key unit ops:
• Re for m e r. A conversion react or in which m ost of t he m et hane is
react ed wit h st eam t o produce hydr ogen, carbon m onoxide and
carbon dioxide.
• Com bust or. A second conversion react or, which t akes t he
product of t he Refor m er, an Air st ream and a Com b. St eam
st ream as t he feeds t o t he react or.
• Sh ift Re a ct or s. A series of equilibrium react ors in which t he
wat er gas shift react ion occurs.

C2.2 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, select Fie ld unit set for t his
applicat ion.
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s:
m e t h a n e , w a t e r, ca r bon m on ox ide , ca r bon diox ide ,
h y dr oge n , n it r oge n , and ox y ge n.
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, select t he Pe n g- Robin son propert y
package.
4. Go t o t he Rx n s t ab, and add t he Globa l Rx n Se t t o t he current
react ion set s.

Defining the Reactions

Refer t o Ch a pt e r 5 - I n t his applicat ion, t here are t hree conversion react ions and one
Re a ct ion s in t he equilibrium react ion.
Un iSim D e sign
Sim u la t ion Ba sis
Guide for m ore
inform at ion about how t o
define react ions and
Conversion Reactions
react ion set s.
The reform ing react ions ar e as follows:

CH 4 + H 2 O  CO + 3H 2 (C2.1)

CH 4 + 2H 2 O  CO 2 + 4H 2 (C2.2)

C2- 3
C2 - 4 Se t u p

The com bust ion react ion is as follows:

CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O (C2.3)

Equilibrium Reaction
The wat er- gas shift react ion is as follows:

CO + H 2 O  CO 2 + H 2 (C2.4)

To define t he react ion:

1. I n t he Sim ulat ion Basis Manager view, go t o t he Re a ct ion s t ab.
The Rx n Com pon e n t s The react ion com ponent s are at t ached based on t he associat ed fluid
group only shows t he package and are list ed in t he Rxn Com ponent s group.
com ponent s associat ed
wit h t he Fluid Package( s) . 2. Add t he t wo reform ing react ions using t he following dat a:
To add or edit
com ponent s, select t he
Add Com ps but t on. The Re a ct ion [ Rx n - 1 ]
new com ponent s will Re a ct ion s Vie w Type Con ve r sion
aut om at ically be added t o
any fluid package t hat Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
uses t he react ion. St oich iom e t r y Com pon e n t ( St oich. Met hane ( - 1)
Coe ff.)
Wat er ( - 1)
CO ( 1)
Hydrogen ( 3)
Ba sis Ba se Com pon e n t Met hane
Rx n Ph a se VaporPhase
Conve r sion 40% ( Co)
Com m e n t s CH4 + H2O g CO + 3H2

Re a ct ion [ Rx n - 2 ]
Re a ct ion s Vie w Type Con ve r sion
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
St oich iom e t r y Com pon e n t ( St oich. Met hane ( - 1)
Coe ff.)
Wat er ( - 2)
CO2 ( 1)
Hydrogen ( 4)
Ba sis Ba se Com pon e n t Met hane
Rx n Ph a se VaporPhase
Conve r sion 30% ( Co)
Com m e n t s CH4 + 2H2O g CO2 + 4H2

C2- 4
 Syn t he sis Ga s Pr odu ct ion C2 - 5

3. Add t he com bust ion react ion using t he following dat a:

Re a ct ion [ Rx n - 3 ]
Re a ct ion s Vie w Type Con ve r sion
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
St oich iom e t r y Com pon e n t ( St oich. Met hane ( - 1)
Coe ff.)
Oxygen ( - 2)
CO2 ( 1)
Wat er ( 2)
Ba sis Ba se Com pon e n t Met hane
Rx n Ph a se VaporPhase
Conve r sion 100%
Com m e n t s CH4 + 2O2 g CO2 + 2H2O

UniSim Design cont ains a library of equilibrium react ions. To add

t he equilibrium react ion:
4. On t he React ions view, select Equ ilibr iu m and click t he Add
Re a ct ion but t on.
5. I n t he Equilibrium React ion view, go t o t he Libr a r y t ab, select CO +
H 2 O = CO2 + H 2 , and click t he Add Libr a r y Rx n but t on.
UniSim Design provides t he equilibrium dat a and all ot her pert inent
inform at ion for t he react ion.

Defining Reaction Sets

I n t he t able of react ion I n UniSim Design, each react or operat ion m ay have only one react ion
set s, RXN- 1 and RXN- 2 set at t ached t o it , however, a react ion m ay appear in m ult iple react ion
appear in bot h t he first
and second react ion set s. I n t his case, you only have t o pr ovide t hree react ion set s for all
set s. five react ors.
1. On t he Re a ct ions t ab of t he Sim ulat ion Basis Manager view, click
t he Add Se t but t on t o add new react ion set s. Define t he following
react ions set s:

Re a ct ion Se t N a m e Act ive Re a ct ion s

Re for m e r Rx n Se t Rxn- 1, Rxn- 2
Com bu st or Rx n Se t Rxn- 1, Rxn- 2, Rxn- 3
Sh ift Rx n Se t Rxn- 4

To at t ach t he react ion set s t o t he Fluid Package:

2. On t he Re a ct ions t ab of t he Sim ulat ion Basis Manager, select a
React ion Set and click t he Add t o FP but t on.

C2- 5
C2 - 6 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

3. I n t he Add view, select a fluid package from t he list and click t he

Add Se t t o Flu id Pa ck a ge but t on. Repeat t he procedure for t he
ot her t wo react ion set s.

C2.3 Steady State Sim ulation

I nstalling Stream s
Here you will define t he t wo feed st ream s t o t he first react or ( Nat ural
Gas and Reform er St eam ) . The Com b. St eam st ream and t he Air
st ream will also be defined. The pressures of t he st eam and air st ream s
will be specified lat er using SET operat ions. I nst all and define t he
st ream s as indicat ed.

Nam e N a t ur a l Ga s Re for m e r St e a m Air Com b. St e a m

Te m pe r a t u r e [ F] 700.0 475.0 60.0 475.0
Pr e ssu r e [ psia ] 500.0 < em pt y> < em pt y> < em pt y>
M ola r Flow [ lbm ole / h r ] 200.0 520.0 200.0* * 300.0* *
Com p M ole Fr a c [ CH 4 ] 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ H 2 O] 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ CO] 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ CO2 ] 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ H 2 ] 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ N 2 ] 0.0000 0.0000 0.7900 0.0000
Com p M ole Fr a c [ O2 ] 0.0000 0.0000 0.2100 0.0000
COM M EN TS: * * signifies init ialized values; t he m olar flow s of Air and Com b. St e a m will be
m anipulat ed by Adj u st - 2 and Adj u st - 1 respect ively.

C2.3.1 Building the Flowsheet

Set Operations
An alt ernat ive m et hod I nst all t he following Set operat ions t o specify t he pressures of t he
for set t ing t he st eam st eam and air st ream s. I nst all t hese before inst alling t he Reform er so
and air pressures is t o
im port t he Nat ural Gas t he react or is calculat ed when you inst all it .
pressure t o a
Spreadsheet , copy t he
Se t [ SET- 1 ]
value for each of t he
ot her st ream s and Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
export t he copied values
Con n e ct ion s Target Obj ect Reform er St eam
t o t he st ream s
Target Variable Pressure
Source Obj ect Nat ural Gas
Pa r a m e t e r s Mult iplier 1
Offset 0

C2- 6
 Syn t he sis Ga s Pr odu ct ion C2 - 7

Se t [ SET- 2 ]
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Target Obj ect Com b. St eam
Target Variable Pressure
Source Obj ect Nat ural Gas
Pa r a m e t e r s Mult iplier 1
Offset 0

Se t [ SET- 3 ]
Ta b I n Th is Ce ll... En t e r
Con n e ct ion s Target Obj ect Air
Target Variable Pressure
Source Obj ect Nat ural Gas
Pa r a m e t e r s Mult iplier 1
Offset 0

I nstalling the Reform er

The Reform er is a conversion react or in which m ost of t he m et hane is
react ed wit h st eam t o pr oduce hydr ogen, carbon m onoxide, and carbon
dioxide. The out let gas will also cont ain t he unreact ed m et hane and
excess wat er vapour from t he st eam . The overall conver sion of t he t w o
react ions in t he Reform er is 70% . Rxn- 1, which pr oduces carbon
m onoxide and hydrogen, has a conversion of 40% , while Rxn- 2 has a
conversion rat e of 30% .

The t wo reform ing react ions are endot herm ic, so heat m ust be supplied
t o t he react or t o m aint ain t he react or t em perat ure. Specify t he
t em perat ure of t he out let st ream , Com bust or Feed, at 1700 °F, so t hat
UniSim Design will calculat e t he requir ed dut y.

I nst all t he react or and define it as indicat ed below.

Con ve r sion Re a ct or [ Re for m e r ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet s Nat ural Gas
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Reform er St eam
Vapour Out let Com bust or Feed
Liquid Out let Reform er Liq
Energy Reform er Q
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Opt ional Heat Transfer Heat ing
W or k sh e e t Com bust or Feed 1700 °F
[ Con dit ion s] Tem perat ure
Re a ct ion s [ D e t a ils] React ion Set Reform er Rxn Set
Com m e n t s CH4 + H2O g CO + 3H2
CH4 + 2H2O g CO2 + 4H2

C2- 7
C2 - 8 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

I nstalling the Com bustor

This react or is adiabat ic, The Com bust or is t he second conversion react or. The feed st ream s for
so t here is no energy
t he Com bust or include t he Reform er pr oduct , Air st ream and Com b.
st ream and you do not
have t o specify t he out let St eam st ream s. The air st ream is t he source of t he nit rogen for t he
t em perat ure. required H2: N2 rat io in t he synt hesis end product . The oxygen in t he air
is consum ed in t he com bust ion of m et hane. Any rem aining m et hane in
t he Com bust or is elim inat ed by t his react ion.

UniSim Design aut om at ically ranks t he t hree react ions in t he

Com bust or Rxn Set . Since H2O is a react ant in t he com bust ion react ion
( Rxn- 1) and is a product in t he t wo reform ing react ions ( Rxn- 2 and
Rxn- 3) , UniSim Design provides a lower rank for t he com bust ion
react ion. An equal rank is given t o t he reform ing r eact ions. Wit h t his
ranking, t he com bust ion react ion proceeds unt il it s specified conversion
is m et or a lim it ing react ant is deplet ed. The reform ing react ions t hen
proceed based on t he rem aining m et hane.

React ions of equal I nst all t he Com bust or and define it as indicat ed below.
ranking can have an
overall specified
conversion bet ween 0% Con ve r sion Re a ct or [ Com bust or ]
and 100% .
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet s Com bust or Feed
[ Con n e ct ion s] Air
Com b. St eam
Vapour Out let Mid Com bust
Liquid Out let Mid Liq
Re a ct ion s React ion Set Com bust or Rxn Set
[ D e t a ils]
Rxn- 1 Conversion 35%
Rxn- 2 Conversion 65%
Rxn- 3 Conversion 100%
Com m e n t s CH4 + H2O g CO + 3H2
CH4 + 2H2O g CO2 + 4H2
CH4 + 2O2 g CO2 + 2H2O

Shift Reactors
The t hree shift react ors are all equilibrium react ors wit hin which t he
wat er- gas shift react ion occurs. I n t he Com bust or Shift react or, t he
equilibrium shift react ion t akes place and would occur wit h t he
react ions in t he Com bust or. A separat e react or m ust be used in t he
m odel because equilibrium and conversion react ions cannot be
com bined w it hin a react ion set .

C2- 8
 Syn t he sis Ga s Pr odu ct ion C2 - 9

I nst all t he following t hree equilibrium react ors as shown below:

Equ ilibr iu m Re a ct or [ Com bu st or Shift ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet s Mid Com bust
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let Shift 1 Feed
Liquid Out let Mid Com Liq
Re a ct ion s [ D e t a ils] React ion Set Shift Rxn Set
Com m e n t s React ion: CO + H2O n CO2 + H2

Equ ilibr iu m Re a ct or [ Sh ift Re a ct or 1 ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Conn e ct ion s] I nlet s Shift 1 Feed
Vapour Out let Shift 2 Feed
Liquid Out let Shift 1 Liq
Energy Shift 1 Q
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Opt ional Heat Transfer Cooling
W or k sh e e t [ Con dit ions] Shift 2 Feed Tem perat ure 850°F
Re a ct ion s [ D e t a ils] React ion Set Shift Rxn Set
Com m e n t s React ion: CO + H2O n CO2 + H2

Equ ilibr iu m Re a ct or [ Sh ift Re a ct or 2 ]

Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign Feeds Shift 2 Feed
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let Synt hesis Gas
Liquid Out let Shift 2 Liq
Energy Shift 2 Q
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Opt ional Heat Transfer Cooling
W or k sh e e t Synt hesis Gas Tem perat ure 750°F
[ Con dit ion s]
Re a ct ion s [ D e t a ils] React ion Set Shift Rxn Set
Com m e n t s React ion: CO + H2O n CO2 + H2

C2.3.2 I nstalling Adjust

Operations
Steam flow Rate
To cont r ol t he t em perat ure of t he com bust ion react ion, t he flow rat e of
st eam t o t he Com bust or is adj ust ed. Since t he Com bust or is m odeled
The sam e Adj ust could be
accom plished by select ing as t wo separat e react ors, t he t em perat ur e of t he equilibrium react or
t he t em perat ure of t he ( Com bust or Shift ) is t arget ed.
st ream Shift 1 Feed.
An ADJUST operat ion is used t o m anipulat e t he Com b. St eam flow rat e

C2- 9
C2 - 1 0 St e a dy St a t e Sim u la t ion

t o m aint ain t he Com bust or Shift t em perat ure at 1700°F.

Adj u st [ AD J- 1 ]
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Adj u st e d Obj e ct Com b. St eam
Adj u st e d V a r ia ble Molar Flow
Ta r ge t Obj e ct Com bust or Shift
Ta r ge t Va r ia ble Vessel Tem p.
Spe c. Ta r ge t V a lu e 1700°F
Pa r a m e t e r s M e t hod Secant
Tole r a n ce 0.1°F
St e p Size 50 lbm ole/ hr
M a x im u m I t e r a t ion s 25

Click t he St a r t but t on t o begin t he Adj ust operat ion.

Air Flow Rate

To cont rol t he H2: N2 m olar rat io in t he Synt hesis Gas st ream , calculat e
t he rat io in a Spreadsheet and t hen use an Adj ust operat ion. The
Synt hesis Gas should have an H2: N2 m olar rat io slight ly great er t han
3: 1. Prior t o ent ering t he am m onia plant , hydrogen is used t o rid t he
synt hesis gas of any rem aining CO and CO2.
1. Creat e a Spreadsheet and change t he Spreadsheet Nam e t o
SSRa t io. I m port t he following variables:
• Synt hesis Gas, Com p. Molar Flow, Hydrogen
• Synt hesis Gas, Com p. Molar Flow, Nit rogen
2. Assign t he Hydrogen value t o cell B1, and t he Nit rogen value t o cell
B2.
3. I n cell B4, calculat e t he H2: N2 rat io using t he following form ula:
=B1[cell that contains flow of H2]/B2[cell that contains flow of N2]
The Spreadsheet t ab of t he Spreadsheet view should appear sim ilar
t o t he following.

Figu r e C2 .2

C2- 10
 Syn t he sis Ga s Pr odu ct ion C2 - 1 1

4. Click t he Pa r a m e t e r s t ab and define t he Va r ia ble nam e for t he B4

cell as H2: N2 Rat io.
5. I nst all t he Adj ust operat ion as show n below.

Adj u st [ AD J- 2 ]
Ta b I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
Con n e ct ion s Adj ust ed Variable Air Molar Flow
Target Variable SSRat io, B4: H2: N2 Rat io
Spec. Target Value 3.05
Pa r a m e t e r s Met hod Secant
Tolerance 0.005 lbm ole/ hr
St ep Size 39.68 lbm ole/ hr
Maxim um I t erat ions 20

6. Click t he St a r t but t on t o begin t he Adj ust operat ion.

The Secant m et hod is used for bot h Adj ust operat ions even t hough
each adj ust ed variable w ill have an effect on t he ot her operat ion's
t arget variable. The close proxim it y of t he logical operat ions in t he
flowsheet increases t he possibilit y of cycling behaviour if t he
Sim ult aneous m et hod is used. Therefore, it is advant ageous t o
at t em pt t o it erat e on one Adj ust and t hen solve t he ot her.

C2.4 Results
Go t o t he Workbook in t he m ain sim ulat ion environm ent t o check t he
calculat ed result s.

Energy Stream s Tab

Figu r e C2 .3

C2- 11
C2 - 1 2 Re su lt s

Material Stream s Tab

Figu r e C2 .4

Com positions Tab

Figu r e C2 .5

C2- 12
 Ca se Lin k in g X1 - 1

X1 Case Linking

X1 .1 Process Description ..................................................................... 2

X1 .2 Building Flow sheet 1 ................................................................... 3

X1.2.1 Setup ................................................................................... 3
X1.2.2 I nstalling Stream s .................................................................. 3
X1.2.3 I nstalling Unit Operations ........................................................ 4

X1 .3 Building Flow sheet 2 ................................................................... 6

X1.3.1 Setup ................................................................................... 6
X1.3.2 I nstalling Unit Operations ........................................................ 6

X1 .4 Creating a User Unit Operation .................................................... 8

X1.4.1 I nitializing the User Unit Op ..................................................... 8
X1.4.2 Operation Execution ..............................................................10

X1- 1
X1 - 2 Pr oce ss D e scr ipt ion

X1.1 Process Description

This exam ple uses t he User Unit Operat ion t o link t w o UniSim Design
cases t oget her such t hat changes m ade t o t he first case ( LinkCase1)
are aut om at ically and t ransparent ly pr opagat ed t o t he second
( LinkCase2) . This applicat ion dem onst rat es a m et hod for copying t he
cont ent s of a st ream from one case t o anot her aut om at ically.

Figu r e X1 .1

The User Unit Op is pre- configured wit h Visual Basic™ code. I nside t he
User Unit Op you will define t wo subrout ines:
• I n it ia lize ( ) m acro. The I nit ialize( ) m acro set s t he field nam es
for t he various st ream feed and product connect ions and creat es
t he following t w o t ext user variables:
- Lin k Ca se cont ains t he pat h and file nam e of t he t arget case
t o be linked. I f t he variable cont ains no value, t he I nit ialize( )
code will set it t o be t he pat h t o t he current ly open case and
t he file nam e Lin k Ca se 2 .u sc.
- Lin k St r e a m nam es a st ream in t he second case t hat will
have t he T, P, Flow and com posit ion copied t o it from t he
User Unit Op’s feed st ream . The t arget case and st ream m ay
opt ionally be changed explicit ly from t he Variables page of
t he User Unit Op.
• Ex e cut e ( ) m acr o. The Execut e( ) m acr o uses t he Get Obj ect
m et hod t o open t he t arget link case, which will init ially be
hidden. I t t hen at t em pt s t o locat e t he m at erial st ream nam ed by
t he LinkSt ream variable in t he t arget case. I f a st ream is

X1- 2
 Ca se Link in g X1 - 3

All t he st ream nam es are at t ached t o t he Feeds1 nozzle of t he User Unit Op, t he st ream
in low e r ca se . condit ions and com posit ions are t hen copied bet ween t he
st ream s.

The use of t he D uplica t e Fluid m e t hod t o copy t he st r e a m

pa r a m e t e r s r e quir e s ide nt ica l pr ope r t y pa ck a ge s in bot h
sim ula t ion ca se s. Th e e x a m ple code in st e a d u se s a t e ch n ique
of e x plicit ly copyin g T a nd P a n d t h e n se a r ch e s for
com pon e n t s by n a m e in or de r t o copy t he ir m ola r flow .
Com pone nt s t ha t a r e not a va ila ble in t he t a r ge t ca se a r e
ignor e d.

Also, t he definit ion of User Unit Op usually involves t he definit ion of

t hree m acros:
• I n it ia lize ( )
• Ex e cut e ( )
• St a t u sQu e r y ( )
For t his exam ple, t he St at usQuery( ) m acro is com m ent ed- out t o
avoid t he overhead of having t hat m acro called. Rem oving t he
St at usQuery( ) code ent irely would accom plish t he sam e t hing, but
it is highly recom m ended t hat St at usQuery( ) be im plem ent ed t o
provide valuable user feedback. This im plem ent at ion is left as an
exercise for t he user.

X1.2 Building Flowsheet 1

X1.2.1 Setup
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, set t he unit set t o SI .
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s: C1 ,
C2 , C3 , and i- C4 .
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, define a Peng Robinson St ryj ek Vera
( PRSV) pr opert y package.

X1.2.2 I nstalling Stream s

Ent er t he Sim ulat ion Environm ent and specify st ream s fe e d and
cold_ liq2 as show n.

St r e a m N a m e fe e d cold_ liq2
I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ... En t e r ...
Tem perat ure [ C] 11 - 98
Pressure [ kPa] 5066 152
Molar Flow [ kgm ole/ h] 100 7.5

X1- 3
X1 - 4 Bu ildin g Flow sh e e t 1

St r e a m N a m e fe e d cold_ liq2
Com p Mole Frac [ C1] 0.5333 0.0388
Com p Mole Frac [ C2] 0.2667 0.4667
Com p Mole Frac [ C3] 0.1333 0.3883
Com p Mole Frac [ i- C4] 0.0667 0.1062

X1.2.3 I nstalling Unit Operations

Next add t he following unit operat ions t o t he flowsheet .

Add Separators
Se pa r a t or N a m e V- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet feed
[ Con n e ct ion s] Vapour Out let feed_vap
Liquid Out let feed_liq
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Delt a P 0 kPa
Se pa r a t or V- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet precooled
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let cooled_vap
Liquid Out let cooled_liq
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Delt a P 0 kPa
Se pa r a t or V- 1 0 2
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet expanded
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Vapour Out let cold_vap
Liquid Out let cold_liq
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Delt a P 0 kPa

Add a Heat Exchanger

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r N a m e E- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Conn e ct ion s] Tube Side I nlet feed_vap
Tube Side Out let precooled
Shell Side I nlet cold_liq2
Shell Side Out let rich gas

X1- 4
 Ca se Link in g X1 - 5

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r N a m e E- 1 0 0
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Heat Exchanger Model Exchanger Design
( End Point )
Heat Leak/ Loss none
Tube Side Delt a P 15 kPa
Shell Side Delt a P 15 kPa
UA 4000 KJ/ C- h
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] First Tube Pass Flow Count er
Direct ion

Add an Expander
Ex pa n de r N a m e K- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet cooled_vap
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Out let expanded
Energy shaft work
D e sign Efficiency ( Adiabat ic) 75%
[ Pa r a m e t e r s]
W or k sh e e t Pressure ( st ream : expanded) 152 kPa
[ Con dit ion s]

Add a Com pressor

Com pr e ssor N a m e K- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet cold_vap
[ Con n e ct ion s] Out let com pressed
Energy shaft work
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Efficiency ( Adia) 75%

Add a Recycle Operation

Re cycle RCY- 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... Ent e r ...
D e sign I nlet cold_liq
[ Con n e ct ion s] Out let cold_liq2

The case should converge im m ediat ely.

Save t he case as Lin k Ca se 1 .u sc.

X1- 5
X1 - 6 Bu ildin g Flow sh e e t 2

X1.3 Building Flowsheet 2

X1.3.1 Setup
Now you will cr eat e t he t arget case for t he linked case.
1. I n t he Session Preferences view, set t he unit set t o SI .
2. I n t he Com ponent List view, select t he following com ponent s: C1 ,
C2 , C3 , i- C4 , and H 2 O.
3. I n t he Fluid Package view, define a Peng Robinson St ryj ek Vera
( PRSV) pr opert y package.

X1.3.2 I nstalling Unit Operations

Ent er t he Sim ulat ion Environm ent and ent er t he following unit
operat ions.

Add Com pressors

Com pr e ssor N a m e K- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet com pressed
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Out let hot 33at m
Energy q1
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Efficiency ( Adia) 75%
W or k sh e e t Pressure ( st ream : hot 33at m ) 3344.725 kPa
[ Con dit ion s]
K- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet cool33at m
[ Con n e ct ion s]
Out let hot 100at m
Energy q2
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Efficiency ( Adia) 75%
W or k sh e e t Pressure ( st ream : hot 100at m ) 10150 kPa
[ Con dit ion s]

Add Heat Exchangers

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r N a m e E- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...

X1- 6
 Ca se Link in g X1 - 7

H e a t Ex ch a n ge r N a m e E- 1 0 0
D e sign [ Conn e ct ion s] Tube Side I nlet hot 33at m
Tube Side Out let cool33at m
Shell Side I nlet wt r1
Shell Side Out let wt r1b
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Heat Exchanger Model Exchanger Design ( End
Point )
Tube Side Delt a P 15 kPa
Shell Side Delt a P 15 kPa
Calculat e Ft Fact or Unchecked
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] First Tube Pass Flow Direct ion Count er
W or k sh e e t [ Con dit ions] Tem perat ure ( st ream : cool33at m ) 17°C
Tem perat ure ( st ream : wt r1b) 25°C
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r E- 1 0 1
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign [ Conn e ct ion s] Tube Side I nlet hot 100at m
Tube Side Out let sales
Shell Side I nlet wt r2
Shell Side Out let wt r2b
D e sign [ Pa r a m e t e r s] Heat Exchanger Model Exchanger Design ( End
Point )
Tube Side Delt a P 15 kPa
Shell Side Delt a P 15 kPa
Calculat e Ft Fact or Unchecked
Ra t in g [ Sizin g] First Tube Pass Flow Direct ion Count er
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure ( st ream : sales) 20°C
[ Con dit ion s] Tem perat ure 25°C
( st ream : wt r2b)

Add a Tee
Te e T- 1 0 0
Ta b [ Pa ge ] I n t h is ce ll... En t e r ...
D e sign I nlet cooling wat er
[ Con n e ct ion s] Out let wt r2, wt r1
W or k sh e e t Tem perat ure ( st ream : cooling wat er) 11°C
[ Con dit ion s]
Pressure ( st ream : cooling wat er) 202.6 kPa
W or k sh e e t H2O ( st ream : cooling wat er) 1.0000
[ Com posit ion ]

4. Once you have com plet ed specifying t his flowsheet , save t he case
as Lin k Ca se 2 .u sc and close it .

X1- 7
X1 - 8 Cr e a t in g a Use r Un it Ope r a t ion

X1.4 Creating a User Unit

Operation
Now t hat bot h cases have been cr eat ed, you can creat e t he link
bet ween t hem .
1. Open Lin k Ca se 1 .u sc.
2. Add a User Unit Op t o t he flowsheet . When you add a User Unit Op,
UniSim Design asks you for t he t ype. Click t he Cr e a t e Type but t on,
t hen t ype Ca se Lin k in g in t he input field and click t he OK but t on.
Next you will define t he User Unit Op. Defining t he User Unit Op
involves writ ing t wo different subrout ines.
• I n it ia lize . Defines m at erial and energy feed/ product st ream s
and creat es user variables.
• Ex e cut e . Opens t he t arget case, finds t he t arget st ream and
copies t he st ream condit ions from t he m ain case.
3. I n t he User Unit Op view D e sign t ab, select t he Code page.
4. Click t he Edit but t on. The Edit Exist ing Code view appears.

X1.4.1 I nitializing the User Unit

Op
The following t able cont ains a list ing of t he code requir ed t o im plem ent
t his operat ion, along wit h a br ief descript ion of what t he code m eans.
Part it ions placed in t he code are m ade only t o clearly associat e t he
relevant code wit h t he explanat ion. Also, indent at ions m ade in t he code
are com m on wit h st andard program m ing pract ices.

Code Ex pla n a t ion

Sub Initialize () Signifies t he St art of t he init ializat ion
subrout ine. You do not have t o add it as it
should already be t here.
On Error GoTo Catch I f an error occurs during t he execut ion of t his
' Preparing the interface subrout ine, go t o t he line designat ed ‘Cat ch’.
ActiveObject.Feeds1Name = "Feed" Set s t he nam es t hat will be associat ed wit h
ActiveObject.Products1Name = "Unused t he energy and m at erial ( prim ary and
secondary) inlet and exit connect ions.
Prod1"
ActiveObject.Feeds2Name = "Unused Feed2"
ActiveObject.Products2Name = "Unused
Prod2"

X1- 8
 Ca se Link in g X1 - 9

Code Ex pla n a t ion

ActiveObject.Feeds2Active = False Deact ivat es t he secondary inlet and exit
ActiveObject.Products2Active = False connect ions as well as t he energy inlet and
exit connect ions. Aft er t he init ializat ion
ActiveObject.EnergyFeedsActive = False subrout ine has been successfully
ActiveObject.EnergyProductsActive = False im plem ent ed, t he checkboxes associat ed wit h
t he secondary m at erial connect ions and
energy connect ions should be deact ivat ed as
shown in t he figure above.
' Adding user variables Creat es a t ext user variables called Lin k Ca se .
Dim LinkCase As Object ' This UV will hold This will appear on t he Variables page of t he
Design t ab along wit h t he current values. This
the Linked case name variable holds t he pat h and nam e of t he linked
Set LinkCase = case.
ActiveObject.CreateUserVariable("LinkCas
e", "LinkCase", uvtText, utcNullUnit,0)
Dim LinkStream As Object ' This UV will Creat es a t ext user variables called
hold the Linked stream name Lin k St r e a m . This will appear on t he Variables
page of t he Design t ab along wit h t he current
Set LinkStream = values. This variable holds t he nam e of t he
ActiveObject.CreateUserVariable("LinkStr st ream t o link t o.
eam", "LinkStream", uvtText,
utcNullUnit,0)
LinkCase.Variable.Value = This set s t he linked case pat h t o be t he sam e
ActiveObject.SimulationCase.Path & as t he current case and set s t he nam e t o
‘LinkCase2.usc’.
"LinkCase2.usc"
Dim myFeeds As Object Declares t he ‘m yFeeds’ variable and set s it t o
Set myFeeds = ActiveObject.Feeds1 t he feed st ream s collect ion of t he operat ion.

' Check if a stream name is already Checks if a linked st ream nam e is already
defined defined.
If Not LinkStream.Variable.IsKnown Then
If myFeeds.Count > 0 Then I f a feed st ream is connect ed t o t he unit
LinkStream.Variable.Value = operat ion, use t hat st ream nam e as t he linked
st ream nam e.
myFeeds.Item(0).Name
Else I f no st ream is connect ed as feed, use t he
LinkStream.Variable.Value = "feed" default list ed st ream nam e of ‘feed’.
End If
End If
Exit Sub
Catch:
MsgBox "Initialize Error"
End Sub Signifies t he end of t he init ializat ion
subrout ine. This line does not need t o be
added.

1. Once t his code is ent ered, press t he OK but t on t o close t he Edit

Exist ing Code view.
2. On t he Code page of t he D e sign t ab, click t he I n it ia lize but t on.
3. Select t he Con ne ct ion s page of t he D e sign t ab. I t should cont ain
t heir new designat ions.
4. Select t he Va r ia ble s page. The LinkCase should cont ain t he case
LinkCase2, including t he pat h. The LinkSt ream variable should
cont ain ‘feed’.

X1- 9
X1 - 1 0 Cr e a t in g a Use r Un it Ope r a t ion

5. Select t he Con ne ct ion s page. I f t he feed drop- down list is em pt y,

t he value of LinkSt ream var iable ( Variables page) should be ‘feed’.

X1.4.2 Operation Execution

1. Ent er t he follow ing code in t he Execut ion code sect ion of t he Edit
Exist ing Code view:

Code Ex pla n a t ion

Sub Execute () Signifies t he St art of t he operat ion execut ion
subrout ine. You do not have t o add t his line as
it should already be t here.
On Error Goto EarlyGrave I f an error occurs during t he execut ion of t his
subrout ine, go t o t he line of code designat ed
‘EarlyGrave’.
Dim Status As String Connect s t he variables LinkCase and
LinkSt ream t o t heir corresponding user
variables.
Dim LinkCase As Object
Set LinkCase =
ActiveObject.GetUserVariable("LinkCase")

Dim LinkStream As Object ' This UV will

hold the Linked stream name
Set LinkStream =
ActiveObject.GetUserVariable("LinkStream
")
Dim myFeeds As Object I f t he num ber of st ream s specified in t he Feed
Set myFeeds = ActiveObject.Feeds1 list is not 1 t hen exit t he subrout ine.
if myFeeds.Count <>1 Then
Exit Sub
end if
Dim Case2 As Object Creat es a reference t o t he LinkCase user
Set Case2 = variable called Case2.
GetObject(LinkCase.Variable.Value)
Dim Case2FS As Object Creat es a reference t o t he flow sheet inside
Set Case2FS = Case2.Flowsheet Case2 ( LinkCase) called Case2FS.

Dim Case1FS As Object Creat es a reference t o t he current flowsheet

Set Case1FS = ActiveObject.Flowsheet called Case1FS.

Dim Case2Strm As Object Creat es a reference t o a st ream in t he ot her

Set Case2Strm = case. The st ream ’s nam e is t he value of t he
user variable LinkSt ream .
Case2FS.MaterialStreams.Item(CStr(LinkSt
ream.Variable.Value))
Dim Case1Strm As Object Creat es a reference t o st ream current ly in t he
Set Case1Strm = myFeeds.Item(0) prim ary feed list .

Case2Strm.TemperatureValue = Set s t he Tem perat ure and Pressure values of

Case1Strm.TemperatureValue Case2St rm t o t hose of Case1St rm .
Case2Strm.PressureValue =
Case1Strm.PressureValue
Dim Case1CMFs As Variant Creat es an array cont aining t he m olar flow of
Case1CMFs = Case1St rm . Not e t hat Set was not used so
changes m ade t o Case1CMFs will not affect
Case1Strm.ComponentMolarFlowValue Case1St rm .

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 Ca se Link in g X1 - 1 1

Code Ex pla n a t ion

Dim Case2CMFs As Variant Creat es an array cont aining t he m olar flow of
Case2CMFs = Case2St rm . Not e t hat Set was not used so
changes m ade t o Case2CMFs w ill not affect
Case2Strm.ComponentMolarFlowValue Case2St rm .
On Error GoTo NoComp For every com ponent i in t he Case2FS, you
Dim Comp As Object set t he m olar flow of com ponent i in t he
Case2CMFs array t o t he flow of t he sam e
i = 0 com ponent in Case1CMFs array.
For Each Comp In
Case2FS.FluidPackage.Components
Case2CMFs(i) = 0.0
CompName = Comp.name
n =
Case1FS.FluidPackage.Components.index(Co
mpName)
Case2CMFs(i) = Case1CMFs(n)
NoComp:
i = i +1
Next Comp
On Error GoTo EarlyGrave
Case2Strm.ComponentMolarFlowValue = This passes t he value of Case2CMFs t o t he
Case2CMFs Case2St rm .

ActiveObject.SolveComplete Signifies t he Unit Operat ion has solved. I t is

used t o m inim ize t he num ber of t im es t he
User Unit Op’s Execut e( ) is called.
Exit Sub
EarlyGrave:
MsgBox "Execute Error"
End Sub Signifies t he end of t he init ializat ion
subrout ine. This line does not need t o be
added.

2. When you are finished ent ering t he code, act ivat e t he view by
select ing t he ‘com pressed’ st ream as t he Feed on t he Con n e ct ions
page of t he D e sign t ab.
3. Go t o t he Va r ia ble s page t o ensure t hat t he Lin k St r e a m st ream
nam e is also ‘com pr essed’.

The Unit Op w ill not a ppe a r ‘solve d’ on t he flow she e t , e ve n

t hough it is. This is be ca use Un iSim D e sign e x pe ct s it t o ha ve
a fully de fine d pr oduct st r e a m .

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X1 - 1 2 Cr e a t in g a Use r Un it Ope r a t ion

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