Static Digital Excitation System /SECTION 7

Part-02

SECTION 7 - STATIC DIGITAL EXCITATION SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION - 7 EXCITATION SYSTEM.......................................................................................1

7-01 SCOPE.............................................................................................................................1
7-02 TYPE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND STANDARDS.....................................................1
7-03 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................4
7-04 EXCITATION POWER TRANSFORMER....................................................................9
7-05 RECTIFIER...................................................................................................................12
7-06 FIELD CIRCUIT BREAKER.......................................................................................14
7-07 TRANSDUCERS..........................................................................................................15
7-08 PROTECTIVE DEVICES OR FUNCTIONS...............................................................17
7-09 ALARMS.......................................................................................................................19
7-10 INSTRUMENTS...........................................................................................................20
7-11 FIELD FLASHING.......................................................................................................21
7-12 REGULATOR...............................................................................................................21
7-13 AUXILIARY POWER EQUIPMENT..........................................................................27
7-14 DIAGNOSTICS.............................................................................................................28
7-15 EXCITATION CUBICLES...........................................................................................29
7-16 INTERNAL WIRING...................................................................................................29
7-17 DC FIELD CONNECTIONS........................................................................................30
7-18 SPECIAL TOOLS AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT.........................................31
7-19 SHOP ASSEMBLY AND TESTS................................................................................31
7-20 FIELD TESTS...............................................................................................................33
7-21 SPARE PARTS.............................................................................................................33
7-22 Excitation System Technical Data sheet........................................................................36

RUFIJI HYDROPOWER PROJECT – E&M PACKAGE Particular Technical Specification

For Major Equipment/Part02
 Static Digital Excitation System /SECTION 7

SECTION - 7 EXCITATION SYSTEM

7-01 SCOPE

A. This Section specifies the detailed requirements for the design, manufacture,
testing at works, delivery for project site, storage till handing over, erection, testing &
commissioning of Nine (9) Set of excitation systems and appurtenances to be furnished
complete in accordance with these Specifications.

B. The following paragraphs written in the singular form for one excitation system
shall apply equally to all excitation systems furnished, except where specifically
indicated otherwise.

C. The basic materials and methods shall be in accordance with Part-02, Section – 1-
07: Materials and Equipment’s. The generators shall be in accordance with Part-02,
Section – 6: Generators. Field-testing shall be in accordance with Part-02, Section – 08:
Installation and Field Testing of Major Equipment.

7-02 TYPE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND STANDARDS

D. Type: A static, microprocessor (digital) controlled, potential-source, rectifier-type

excitation system shall be furnished for each generator complete with excitation
power transformer, thyristor rectifier, , DC field circuit breaker and non-linear field
discharge resistors, "Crowbar" circuit, AC bus or cables between the transformer and
rectifier, DC bus or cables from the rectifier cubicles to the field bushing assembly
terminals at the generator air housing, automatic voltage regulator, and field
flashing equipment with necessary switching equipment. The excitation control
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system shall be 100% redundant, with 2 independent processors (“Main Processor”

and “Backup Processor”) and 2 independent firing circuits. Each processor shall be
programmed for double-channel functions, for “Automatic “and “Manual”
regulation. The system will normally operate in “Automatic” mode, in which voltage
and reactive current or power factor is controlled. “Manual” mode will regulate the
field current, and this mode will be used for testing of the generator and/or the
excitation system. Failure of the Main Processor shall produce a bumpless transfer
of the operation of the system to the Backup Processor.

E. Characteristics: The excitation equipment shall provide an excitation system having

the following characteristics:

1. Adequate capacity to supply continuously the excitation required by the

generator under all operating conditions as specified in part-02, Section – 6-04:
Electrical Characteristics. The rated excitation voltage and current shall be
determined by the manufacturer.

2. Be a high initial response type, as defined in IEEE Std. 421.1. The excitation
system voltage response time shall not exceed 0.08-s for positive field forcing
and 0.15-s for negative field forcing.

3. Have a positive ceiling voltage not less than 2 times the generator rated full-
load field voltage. The system shall be designed to attain full ceiling voltage
with generator terminal voltage at 80% of the rated value.

4. Capacity to supply continuously 1.1 times the excitation current and voltage
required by the generator at 100% rated kVA and 90% to 110% of rated
voltage. The rectifier shall be provided with 3 x 110% bridges, one operating in
standby mode. Transfer from one bridge to the other shall be bumpless.
Alternately, the rectifier shall have 3 x 55% bridges operating in parallel.
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Unbalance of currents in the parallel paths of the rectifier assembly shall be

less than 10 percent.

5. The excitation system shall be able to continuously regulate the generator

voltage from 90% and 110% of its rated value

6. During transients such as short circuits and load rejections, the excitation
system shall be able to operate with a supply voltage between 30%-130% of
rated generator voltage applied to the excitation transformer without an
excitation system trip.

7. The excitation system shall be capable of supplying its ceiling voltage and the
growing field current associated with the sudden application of ceiling voltage
to the generator field for at least 5 seconds. The ceiling current momentary
capability of the excitation system shall be at least 2 times the rated field
current, and the thermal capability for periods of more than 5 seconds shall be
higher than the short-time thermal capability of the generator field winding.

8. Capable of maintaining the no-load terminal voltage within an accuracy of

±0.5% of the rated value with a variation in frequency not exceeding 1% from
the rated.

9. Properly shielded to operate unaffected by radio frequencies generated by low-

power communications devices or of a type produced by the generating
equipment supplied under these Specifications.

10. The DC output shall be provided with suitable filters to minimize harmonic
heating of the generator field, audible noise, and possible shaft voltages. Shaft
voltages produced by the excitation system ripple shall be limited to 5 V peak
or less.

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11. Adjustable and accurately set parameters such as gain, time constants,
feedback signals, reference signals, etc. The optimum settings shall be
recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the Purchaser.

12. Capable of withstanding without damage the maximum transient currents

induced in the excitation system by disturbances originating in the AC system
for duration required to permit the protective devices to operate.

13. Designed for local (at the excitation regulator cubicle) and remote control. The
Excitation Control System shall be equipped with necessary communication
interface equipment for direct digital communication with the Plant Control
System over fiber-optic cables.

14. The microprocessor shall include all software functions for protection and
excitation limiting needed to operate the generator within safe boundaries, as
well as a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) function.

F. Standards: Ratings, tests, and characteristics shall be in accordance with the latest
approved standards of IEC, IEEE, unless otherwise specified.

7-03 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

G. General: Controls shall be arranged for both local and remote operation of the
excitation system. Unless otherwise specified, all accessories required for remote
interface shall be provided whether or not such items are specifically mentioned in
these Specifications.

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H. Controls: The following controls shall be mounted on the front of the excitation
system enclosures. Similar functioning controls in a touch screen or soft touch
buttons mounted on the faceplate of the microprocessor-based excitation controller
can be provided instead of switches:

1. Local-Remote Transfer Switch: One 2-position, maintained-contact transfer

switch shall be provided to transfer control from "Local" (excitation system) to
"Remote" control system. With the switch in the "Local" position, the following
front-of-panel control switches shall be operational; in the "Remote" position,
they shall be locked-out:

a. Voltage Regulator Adjust: One 3-position, spring return-to-neutral "Raise-

Lower" switch with 3 indicating lights (upper limit, no-load rated, lower
limit).

b. Base Excitation Adjust: One 3-position, spring return-to-neutral "Raise-

Lower" switch with 3 indicating lights (upper limit, no-load rated, lower
limit).

c. Field Circuit Breaker Control: One 3-position, spring return-to-neutral

"Trip-Close" switch with 2 indicating lights (tripped, closed).

d. Excitation Control: One 2-position, maintained-contact "On-Off" switch

with two indicating lights (on-off).

2. Control Transfer Switch. One 3-position, maintained-contact, "Auto-Manual-

Test" transfer switch shall be provided.

3. Regulator Selector Switch: One 3-position, maintained-contact, "Auto-Balance-

Manual" selector switch shall be provided for selecting either voltage regulator

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or base excitation control. The balance position shall be provided for manual
adjustment, as necessary, of either the base excitation regulator or voltage
regulator prior to completing the transfer.

4. Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Selector Switch: One 2-position, maintained-

contact, "On-Off" selector switch shall be provided with two indicating lights
(on-off).

5. VAR/PF Selector Switch: One 3-position, maintained-contact, "VAR-PF-OFF"

selector switch shall be provided with 3 indicating lights (VAR control-on, PF
control-on, VAR/PF control-off).

I. De-Excitation: Negative excitation voltage shall be used for de-excitation of the

field for normal stopping of the generating units. Non-linear field discharge resistors
supplied in accordance with these Specifications shall be used for de-excitation of
the field at emergency conditions.

J. Mounting: Instruments shall be mounted on the front of the excitation system

enclosures as specified in this Section under 7-10, Instruments.

K. Remote Interface Requirements: Provisions shall be made in the excitation system

to interface via fiber optic with the Plant Control System and Protection System as
necessary to meet the operational requirements of these Specifications and shall
include the following:

1. Status Signals

a. Two sets of separate, electrically-independent, dry-type contacts shall be

provided for each of the following. Contacts from interposing relays shall

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be used instead of the switch contacts listed when the actions are
performed by the microprocessor control system:

(1) Local-Remote Transfer Switch in "Local"

(2) Local-Remote Transfer Switch in "Remote"

(3) Voltage Regulator at "Upper Limit"

(4) Voltage Regulator at "No-Load Rated"

(5) Voltage Regulator at "Lower Limit"

(6) Current (Manual) Regulator at "Upper Limit"

(7) Current (Manual) Regulator at "No-Load Rated"

(8) Current (Manual) Regulator at "Lower Limit"

(9) Field Circuit Breaker "Tripped"

(10) Field Circuit Breaker "Closed"

(11) Excitation "On"

(12) Excitation "Off"

(13) Main Processor in operation

(14) Backup Processor in operation

(15) Regulator Selector Switch in "Auto".

(16) Regulator Selector Switch in "Manual".

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(17) PSS "On"

(18) PSS "Off"

(19) VAR Control "On"

(20) VAR/PF Control "On"

(21) VAR/PF Control "Off"

b. One analog 4-20 mA DC signal proportional to each of the following shall

be provided as specified in this Section under 7-07, Transducers:

(1) Field voltage,

(2) Field current,

(3) Rotor temperature

2. Alarms: Alarm and trip contacts shall be as specified in this Section under 7-08,
Protective Devices.

3. Controls: Provisions shall be made for interfacing with the remote control
circuits as follows:

a. Voltage Set point

b. VAR Set point

c. PF Set point.

d. Voltage Regulator "Raise"

e. Voltage Regulator "Lower"

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f. Field current "Raise".

g. Field current "Lower".

h. Field Circuit Breaker "Trip".

i. Field Circuit Breaker "Close"

j. Excitation "On"

k. Excitation "Off"

Controls for excitation "On-Off" shall be operational in both "Auto" and

"Manual" modes.

4. Computer Interface: The remote computer system for Monitoring and

Protection System, shall be provided with serial ports for digital
communications with remote devices. The necessary interface equipment and
serial ports for providing full digital communications between the excitation
system and the computer system at least duplicating the discrete digital and
analog I/O functions described in this section shall be furnished. This digital
communications interface shall be in addition to the discrete I/O interface
specified.

7-04 EXCITATION POWER TRANSFORMER

L. The excitation system shall be provided with one 3-phase power transformer with
the following characteristics:

1. Type Class AN/AF dry type, self-cooled with

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Class F insulation, epoxy encapsulated, and

copper windings.

2. Capacity, kVA 1250 KVA 1 ph and As required to fulfill

excitation system requirements.

3. Temperature Rise °C 70

4. Primary Rating, kV 15.75

5. Primary BIL, kV-crest 125

6. Connections:

a. Primary Delta or Ungrounded Wye

b. Secondary Ungrounded having rated voltage, phase,

and connections as required for the
excitation system

7. Taps 15.75+4 x (+-2.5%)kV

M. The transformer shall be provided with electrostatic shielding between windings.

N. The transformer shall be totally enclosed in a metal enclosure, with front and back
doors. All necessary equipment for making the secondary interconnections to the
excitation cubicles shall be provided, including suitable bus or cables, raceway and
supports, and barriers and connectors, as needed. Punched louvers with cleanable
and reusable filters shall be provided as necessary for adequate ventilation.
Louvers shall be designed to prevent the entrance of insects and rodents. All

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doors shall be equipped with a handle, a three-point latch, and flush lock. The
locks shall be keyed alike.

O. The excitation transformer cubicle shall be provided with a flange or transition

compartment on its top surface, which will be sized and drilled to coordinate with
the segregated phase bus duct. Connections from the seal-off plate and bushings
at the segregated phase bus termination to the transformer high-voltage winding
terminals shall be by means of a bare solid copper bar. Connection from the low
voltage terminals of the transformer to the excitation equipment located in the
floor above shall be by insulated cables in an appropriate raceway or a suitable
low-voltage metal-enclosed bus. Other conductors entering the transformer
compartment, such as those required for space heaters, CTs, RTDs etc, shall enter
from the trays above unless determined otherwise by the Supplier. The hardware
and connectors required to connect the incoming conductors to the transformer
high and low voltage terminals, and for all auxiliary internal wiring, shall be
provided.

P. The following accessories shall be furnished, mounted, and connected in the

transformer:

1. One bushing current transformer with ANSI accuracy class of C400/equivalent

accuracy clause as per IEC- 60044-1 in each phase of the primary, for excitation
overcurrent protection. Current ratios shall be as required for the excitation
system.

2. Two platinum resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) in the windings of the

transformer rated 100 Ω at 0°C.

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3. One temperature indicator mounted on the excitation transformer enclosure

with 2 electrically independent, adjustable alarm and trip contacts to monitor
the winding temperature of the transformer.

4. Thermostatically-controlled electrical heaters with on-off control switch and

provisions for remote contact interlock furnished and wired in each enclosure.

5. Low voltage surge protection equipment as required for the protection of the
transformer and static excitation system.

6. Lifting eyes or hooks

7. Provisions for jacking and rolling

8. Two grounding connections

Q. Except for the core, windings, and enclosure, all metal parts shall be hot-dip
galvanized steel.

Note- Refer the details Technical Specification Mentioned under Annexure-2 –

Excitation Transformer

7-05 RECTIFIER

R. Thyristor Requirements: Full-wave, bridge type, silicon power thyristors shall be

furnished, mounted, and connected to provide the necessary excitation system
capacity. The thyristors shall meet the following requirements:

1. The rectifier shall consist of 3 x 110%. Each bridge assembly shall include a 6-
element, two quadrants and three phase set of thyristors with complete draw-
out capability for ready servicing. The assembly shall include individual fuses

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for thyristors and other critical elements and indication/locaters for blown
fuses and/or bad thyristor elements.

2. The thyristors shall be capable of withstanding, at full operating temperature,

peak reverse voltages during the blocking periods having a value of not less
than 2.75 times the highest voltage of the excitation power transformer
secondary.

3. A current-limiting fuse with alarm contact shall be provided in each thyristor

circuit to isolate the circuit and protect other thyristors and their fuses from
damage if a thyristor fails.

4. The thyristors and thyristor fuses shall be mounted in modules or assemblies

designed for ease of removal and replacement. Connections to the modules or
assemblies shall be bolted.

5. The excitation system shall be guaranteed to operate continuously under all

specified operating conditions (including forced excitation) when one bridge
arm of a parallel branch of the power rectifier bridge is out of service. An
indicating lamp shall be mounted on the module or on a mimic panel to
indicate failure of each individual thyristor. Loss of three bridges shall cause
unit tripping to occur.

6. The power rectifying unit shall be provided with monitoring circuits to detect
failure of the firing signal to the thyristor.

7. The excitation system shall meet all the specified requirements when individual
thyristors are replaced by others of the same type but with different forward
voltage drop characteristics. The thyristors shall be replaceable with
commercially available units.

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8. All the control wires in the rectifier cubicle shall be shielded and isolated from
the AC and DC power circuits in the cubicle.

S. Protective Circuits: Transient over voltage protective circuits shall be included to

protect the equipment from transient over voltages originating in the AC system
and in the field circuit. Non-linear resistors in series with two thyristors arranged
for bi-directional flow of current (crowbar circuit), shall be used for over voltage
protection in the field winding circuit. An alternative method of transient over
voltage protection, other than non-linear resistors, may be proposed, subject to
the Purchaser's review and approval.

T. Cooling: Two sets of redundant, full-capacity cooling fans shall be provided for
cooling the exciter. Each set of fans shall be capable of supplying the total required
cooling air with the other set out-of-service. Power to the fans shall be derived
from the auxiliary power transformers specified in this Section under 7-13,
Auxiliary Power Equipment. Controls shall be provided for selecting the lead and
standby set of fans with automatic switchover to the standby set if the lead set of
fans fails. Alarm contacts shall be provided to alarm for fan failure as specified in
this Section under 7-8, Protective Devices. The cooling system components shall be
of types which are easily replaceable without tools. Inlet air shall not be drawn
from near the floor to prevent rapid clogging of the air filters. Filters shall be
aluminum, electrostatic, cleanable and reusable. If aluminum filters are furnished,
they shall contain layers of expanded aluminum laid at right angles to one another
and inner layers of woven aluminum wire to achieve maximum filtering.

7-06 FIELD CIRCUIT BREAKER

U. A 2-pole, generator field air circuit breaker, equipped with a trip coil and with a field
discharge contact mechanically interlocked to the circuit breaker contact and an
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auxiliary switch having not less than 6 normally-closed and 6 normally-open single-
pole contact circuits shall be furnished. The breaker shall be provided with arc
extinguishers, and the operating mechanism shall be electrically and mechanically
trip free. It shall be arranged for 110 V DC electrical operations. The circuit breaker
shall have a rated continuous current not less than the maximum continuous
current of the excitation circuit under any of the specified operating conditions of
the generator and shall be capable of interrupting the generator field current
successfully under maximum voltage and short-circuit conditions. The contacts
shall be readily accessible for inspection and replacement. A molded-case circuit
breaker will not be acceptable. The field breaker will not be used for normal
disconnection of the field, which shall be done by application of negative voltage
as indicated in this Section under 7-03 C, De-excitation; however, the field breaker
shall open under fault conditions to de-energize the generator more quickly.

V. Non-linear field discharge resistors made of zinc-oxide switched by the breaker field
discharge contacts shall be furnished. The non-linear resistors shall have
characteristics such that the voltage across the resistor varies in proportion to
approximately the one-eighth power of current and shall be rated so that the field
flux will be reduced to zero in the shortest possible time. The generator field
winding voltage withstand rating and field circuit-breaker voltage rating shall be as
high as is necessary to accomplish this rapid reduction of the flux.

7-07 TRANSDUCERS

W. DC Voltage and Current

1. DC voltage and current transducers shall provide high voltage insulation

between the input circuits and ground and between the input and output
circuits at least equivalent to the insulation level of the generator field winding.
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The DC voltage and current transducers shall have an accuracy of at least 0.5%.
The voltage transducer shall be connected to the generator field pilot brushes,
and the current transducer shall be connected in series with the generator field
leads.

2. In addition to the transducers required by manufacturer for use internal to the

excitation system, 2 transducers for DC field voltage and 2 for DC field current
shall be furnished to provide isolated 4-20 mA DC signal outputs for remote
monitoring and local indication to a computer control system and a unit
manual control panel provided under Volume – 7, Section – 9: Control,
Measuring, Metering, and Protective System. Signals shall be rated for
connection to a load of 0 to 750 Ω with a frequency response to 1 kHz.

X. Field Temperature: Field temperature transducers shall be furnished for use with
the field temperature indicator mounted on the excitation cubicle and with the
computer control system -Control, Measuring, Metering, and Protective System.
The field temperature transducer shall sense the variation in the field winding
resistance caused by temperature changes by integrating the values of field
voltage and field current to produce a single output rated 4-20 mA DC if connected
to a load of zero to 750 Ω. The transducer shall either be solid-state or digital,
integrated into the automatic voltage regulator specified in this Section under
7-12, Voltage Regulator. The accuracy shall be at least 0.5%. The temperature
indicator shall have a scale range of zero to 150°C.

Y. Output Ripple: Output ripple of transducers shall be less than 1.0% (peak-to-peak).

Z. Leads: All transducer input and output leads shall be shielded and isolated from AC
and DC power and control circuits.

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7-08 PROTECTIVE DEVICES OR FUNCTIONS

AA. The following solid state protective relays shall be furnished, mounted, and wired
on the front panels of the excitation system enclosures. Alternatively, these
protective functions may be performed by the microprocessor-based control
system:

1. One ground detector (64F) for field ground fault detection,

2. One field voltage relay (59F) for detection of sustained field overvoltage.

3. One overcurrent relay (50/51 ET) for transformer primary winding overload
protection. Protection device shall consist both of definite time and inverse
time elements. Output contacts of definite time element shall be arranged to
alarm and reduce field current with auxiliary time delay relay. Output contacts
of inverse time element shall be arranged to trip the generator and field circuit
breaker.

BB. In addition to the above relays, sensing devices and/or functions shall be included
for detecting the following conditions:

1. Rectifier cooling fan failure

2. Rectifier and transformer cubicle exit air high temperature

3. Failure of thyristor firing circuit

4. Operation of any thyristor fuse

5. Operation of 2 or more thyristor fuses in parallel circuits.

6. Prolonged operation at power system stabilizer limit

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7. Operation at minimum excitation limiter

8. Operation at maximum excitation limiter

9. Failure of automatic voltage regulator

10. Loss of regulator DC power

11. Loss of excitation DC control power.

12. Loss of regulator potential transformer voltage

13. Generator field air circuit breaker abnormal trip

14. Operation of V/Hz limiter

15. Operation of automatic switching of automatic/manual control device

16. Operation of forced excitation

17. Field-flashing failure

18. Field overvoltage

19. Phase balance protection.

CC. Each of the protective relays and sensing devices shall be provided with a minimum
of 3 electrically independent contact circuits. One set of contacts shall be wired to
the annunciator. The other 2 contact circuits shall be wired to terminal blocks for
connection to remote devices.

NOTE - The offered system has no annunciator, All alarms are displayed in the local HMI.
All protection function in the excitation system are connected in parallel. This parallel

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connection has 2 contact circuit wired to terminal blocks for connection to remote
device.

7-09 ALARMS

DD. Alarms shall be displayed in the excitation control system touch-screen display or by
means of LED’s in the front plate of the microprocessor control system. One alarm
signal shall be provided for each condition listed in this Section under 11-08,
Protective Devices, plus a minimum of 8 additional unassigned signals. Each alarm
input circuit shall be powered from the internal power supply of the
microprocessor

EE. The alarm function shall have the following operating sequence for each alarm
signal:

Condition Alarm Window Status

 Normal Alarm off or LED off

 Abnormal flashing (fast)

 Abnormal when acknowledged Steady

 Normal when acknowledged Steady

 Return to normal after acknowledged flashing (slow)

 Normal when reset Alarm off or LED off

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FF. Pushbuttons or touch screen functions shall be furnished to perform the following
functions:

1. Alarm Acknowledge.

2. Alarm Reset.

3. Lamp Test.

GG. The alarms shall be displayed in English language.

7-10 INSTRUMENTS

The following indicating instruments shall be furnished, mounted, and wired on

the front of the excitation system enclosures:

1. Field voltmeter

2. Field ammeter

3. Generator armature voltmeter

4. Generator field temperature indicator, equipped with 2 adjustable high

temperature alarm contact circuits.

5. Regulator voltage balance indicator.

6. Other instruments as required by the excitation system.

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7-11 FIELD FLASHING

Equipment shall be furnished for a field build-up circuit for connection to the 400
V Unit Auxiliary Switchboard. The equipment shall include an AC contactor for switching,
rectifying diodes that also prevent feedback of current to the AC system, and control
devices. A backup system for field flashing from the station battery shall also be
provided. The backup system shall also be provided with a DC contactor and diodes to
prevent surge voltages into the batteries.

7-12 REGULATOR

HH. Type

1. A full-redundant digital, microprocessor-based regulator shall be furnished,

mounted, and wired in an excitation system cubicle. All necessary auxiliaries
shall be included.

2. The regulator shall provide for automatic regulation of voltage (“Automatic

Mode”) or of excitation current (“Manual Mode”).

3. The regulator system shall provide for local and remote adjustment.

4. The regulator shall include a redundant bidirectional gateway module (bridge)

for communications with the Unit PLC. The bridge module protocol shall be
compatible with the natively supported PLC protocols.

II. Automatic Voltage Regulator

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1. The automatic voltage regulator function shall have the following selectable
modes of operations:

a. Generator terminal voltage regulation (AVR function)

b. Generator power factor or reactive power regulation (VAR/PF function)

2. The generator terminal voltage shall be controlled by continuous comparison of

the average three-phase voltage of the generator with an adjustable reference
voltage value. The AVR shall amplify the error voltage and control the
excitation system in such a manner as to adjust generator voltage to reduce the
error. The reference value shall be reset to zero each time the generator circuit
breaker opens during the generator shutdown sequence or whenever the
generator trips.

3. The voltage set point shall be overruled when in VAR/PF control mode,
however, the system shall retain the limiting and protective functions, including
those related to the generator voltage

4. The voltage adjuster shall provide a range of voltage control of 80% to 110%
rated voltage. Local voltage set point adjustment shall be available from the
front of the excitation cubicle enclosure when the excitation system is under
local control only. Remote adjustment of the voltage set point shall be
available when control is set to other than local. The remote set point
adjustment shall be compatible with the Plant Control System and powerhouse
switchboard controls.

5. The voltage regulator shall have the following characteristics:

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 Voltage regulation from no-load to full load and 0.25%

rated power factor
 Voltage stability (with steady-state load conditions ± 0.1%
within operating range of regulator)
 Maximum generator voltage change (with slow ± 0.5%
changes in ambient temperatures from 0 to 50
°C, after regulator elements have stabilized)

6. After abrupt rejection of 100% rated active and reactive load, the regulator
shall restore the generator armature voltage to within 5% of the voltage before
the load rejection, in less than 1 second

7. During start-up, when excitation is switched-on at 95-105% rated generator

speed, the response measured at the generator terminal voltage shall be non-
oscillating the voltage regulator shall raise the generator terminal voltage in the
shortest time allowed by the generator field time constant, and the overshoot
shall not be more than 10%

8. When the generator is not connected to the system and under the control of
the automatic voltage regulator (AVR), if the set value of the generator
terminal voltage is step-changed from 95% to 105% or vice versa, the response
measured at the generator terminal voltage shall be non-oscillating and the
overshoot of the voltage response shall be less than 15% of the change.

JJ. Manual Regulator

1. A manual regulator function (DC current regulator) shall be provided in each

processor. The manual voltage regulator shall fire the thyristors at an
appropriate angle to supply a desired value of DC voltage to supply constant
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current to the generator field. The manual voltage regulator function will be
used during testing and/or maintenance of the generator and excitation
system, and in case of a loss of voltage sensing or unbalance of the voltage
from the generator potential transformers.

2. When the excitation transformer is fed from the generator terminals the
Manual regulator adjustment shall permit adjustment of excitation current
required from 30% voltage and no load to 110% of generator voltage at full
load and rated power factor. Adjustment shall be available from the front of
the excitation cubicle enclosure.

3. During the generator short circuit tests, with the excitation system auxiliaries
and rectifier fed from a separate source the Manual regulator shall allow an
adjustment of the excitation current from 5% of the no-load current to 110% of
the rated full load current

KK. Automatic/Manual Regulator Transfer: Automatic tracking shall be provided to

accomplish bumpless transfer during control mode change from the AVR to
VAR/PF, or from any of these modes to the Manual voltage regulator. The field
excitation disturbance shall not exceed 1 percent of the desired excitation during
regulator transfer.

LL. Automatic Failover Control: The regulator shall be provided with the capability to
continuously monitor its own function. Whenever AVR or VAR/PF function or
processor failure is detected, the control shall automatically transfer to the Backup
processor without causing a generator shutdown. Auxiliary contacts shall be
provided for indication and annunciation of these failures.

MM. Other Features

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 Static Digital Excitation System /SECTION 7

1. The rate-of-change of the voltage and current set points shall be software
adjustable and, as a minimum, shall include a range of variation between 1%
and 0.3% of the rated no-load values per second.

2. A voltage follower unit shall be furnished for rapidly matching the generator
terminal voltage to the grid voltage to facilitate synchronizing.

3. The automatic voltage regulator shall include a power system stabilizer (PSS)
function to provide a supplementary control signal to the voltage regulator for
the purpose of improving dynamic stability of the generator. The PSS may
derive its signal from the change in unit speed, frequency, or power. A
complete PSS shall be furnished, including the speed, frequency, or power
transducer with adjustable gain and phase elements; damping elements; on-off
switch; and an adjustable limiter element to limit the voltage excursions of the
generator to 0-10% due to PSS control signals. The limiter shall have an alarm
contact circuit which closes for sustained operation at the limit after a time
delay which can be adjusted to prevent nuisance alarms. The optimal PSS
parameters shall be determined on the basis of system parameters supplied by
the Purchaser. As an alternative, a separate microprocessor-based self-
adaptive unit to respond to variation in the system load and impedance and to
automatically adjust the setting of the PSS may be provided. The design shall
include a self-test scheme to determine when a malfunction occurs and then
remove itself from control by automatically transferring control to the
automatic voltage regulator.

4. The regulator shall be provided with the following auxiliary functions:

a. Maximum Volts/Hertz protection

b. Over-excitation limiter (OEL)

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 Static Digital Excitation System /SECTION 7

c. Minimum excitation limiter (MEL)

d. Protection against loss of voltage from the generator potential

transformers

e. Reactive current and transformer voltage drop compensators for parallel

operation of the generators.

NN. Hardware

1. The regulator shall consist of a solid-state, digital microprocessor and

input/output (I/O) modules rack mounted inside the enclosure.

2. The microprocessor shall contain a non-volatile memory of sufficient capacity

to accommodate the necessary software plus an additional 15% for future
expansion, whichever is larger.

3. The I/O modules shall be independently removable. All modules shall be

connected to the microprocessor via printed circuit cards located on the
mounting chassis. I/O modules shall be provided to interface with signals of a
type and quantity required for control of the excitation system including the
remote interface requirements specified in these Specifications.

4. The microprocessor and each I/O module shall have LED type indicating lights
for trouble-shooting purposes. Photoelectric isolation shall be provided for all
I/O signals.

5. The I/O chassis shall be securely mounted in the rear of the control cabinet. All
I/O slots shall be keyed to prevent insertion of modules in the improper slot
location.

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6. A minimum of 20% full wired spare slots shall be provided for future expansion.

7. The microprocessor shall continuously set and reset a watchdog timer. Time
out of this device shall indicate failure of the microprocessor.

8. An RS232 serial communication interface shall be provided for access to data

resident in the microprocessor. A portable IBM-compatible, laptop computer
shall be provided with the necessary software for modifying the
microprocessor program. An RS232 serial communication port, with cables,
shall be provided for interfacing with the microprocessor.

9. The dual microprocessor controller shall provide the following features:

a. Transfer to the backup processor in case of failure of the acting processor

b. Manual override of the main microprocessor via control devices mounted

inside the enclosure.

OO. Software: Software shall be provided to implement the requirements for the
voltage and base excitation regulation specified. Software shall be designed to
permit revisions to the program, such as changes in the operational sequences or
regulator parameters, from the program interface equipment specified.

7-13 AUXILIARY POWER EQUIPMENT

PP. Auxiliary power transformers as needed shall be furnished to supply all required
auxiliary power in the excitation system, including power for fans, transducers,
display devices, and any other devices requiring low voltage AC power. The
primary of each such transformer shall be connected through a circuit breaker to
the excitation power transformer secondary.

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QQ. Control power for relays, air circuit breakers, field flashing circuits, and other
excitation system components will be 110 V DC from a station battery .

RR. Dual, regulated, fully-redundant, DC-DC power supply (or supplies) shall be
provided for the digital voltage regulator and for all low-voltage DC instrument
circuits. Power supplies shall be designed for 110 V DC from the station batteries
Equipment shall operate normally with the input power supply voltage at 80-110%
of rated.

7-14 DIAGNOSTICS

Diagnostics and self-tests shall be automatically performed on power-up of the

voltage regulator to verify that the hardware and software are fully operational. After
power-up, the system shall continuously monitor and check that the digital computer is
performing all of its tasks without error. On-line and off-line diagnostics shall be
provided as follows:

SS. On-Line Diagnostics: Software shall be included to continuously monitor hardware

and software performance in real time with minimum interference with normal
system functions. The performance measurements shall be in milliseconds. The
ability to test and adjust all settings using the on-line diagnostics shall be provided.
The capability shall be included of remote on-line monitoring through a modem
supplied with the equipment.

TT. Off-Line Diagnostics: A comprehensive set of off-line diagnostic instructions shall be

supplied. Complete maintenance of all hardware elements shall be possible using
these diagnostics. The capability shall be provided of diagnosing and isolating to
the maximum extent possible any hardware fault without requiring additional test
equipment. Test points shall be provided that enable insertion of a sinusoidal

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signal and for measuring the resulting output. A provision shall be included for
complete operational testing of the voltage regulator, without energizing the
generator. Field repairable functional units shall be provided to the extent that
replacement of a failed subassembly or module shall restore the unit to normal
operating condition.

7-15 EXCITATION CUBICLES

UU. Totally-enclosed metal enclosures shall be furnished to house the excitation and
voltage regulator equipment. The enclosures shall be provided in accordance with
the requirements. They shall be bolted together to make one uniform assembly.
Resistance elements may be enclosed in expanded metal or wire mesh enclosures.
All buses and wiring inside and between enclosures and from the excitation
transformer shall be furnished and installed. All outgoing wiring shall be
terminated on terminal blocks located in only one enclosure of the excitation
system. The generator field leads and the AC bus or cables from the excitation
transformer shall enter the excitation equipment enclosures from the bottom.

VV. All finished painted surfaces and metal work shall be protected from damage during
shipment. Major components in the excitation cubicles shall be identified with
painted letters or numbers or suitable labels, corresponding to the identifications
shown on approved shop drawings.

7-16 INTERNAL WIRING

All enclosures and devices shall be completely wired to designated terminal blocks for
connection to external devices. Standard cables and methods of cable terminations
between standard modules within the cubicles shall be used. Wiring shall be formed,

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where not installed in channels or ducts, into compact wire bundles suitably bound
together and properly supported. Wire loops shall be formed, which will provide
rotation around the longitudinal axis of the conductors. Any wiring extending beyond
the equipment cubicles shall be terminated at 600 V terminal blocks, except excitation
system power leads such as generator field leads, etc. All individual conductors,
including spares, of each external cable shall be terminated on adjacent terminal points.
The wire (terminal point) designations used on the Supplier’s wiring diagrams may be
according to the Supplier’s standard practice; however, additional wire and cable
designations for identification of external circuits may be required. Wiring diagrams
shall be prepared such that they reflect the actual equipment arrangement, as seen by
an observer. All wiring of current transformer secondary circuits shall use ring-tongue
type terminations and short-circuiting type terminal blocks.

7-17 DC FIELD CONNECTIONS

WW. Metal-enclosed bus or cables in trays shall be furnished for the connections from
the excitation cubicles to the field bushing assembly terminals at the generator air
housing, including all bus supports, hangers, barriers, equipment flanges, and
connectors.

XX. The bus conductors or cables shall be made of insulated copper having a total
capacity adequate to carry the maximum continuous excitation current without
exceeding the rated temperature of the insulation at the ambient air temperature
of the powerhouse.

YY. The bus or cables voltage rating and insulation level shall be at least as high as that
of the generator field.

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ZZ. The buses or cable connections shall be designed to withstand the maximum forces
produced by currents due to short-circuits in the excitation system.

7-18 SPECIAL TOOLS AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT

Tools and equipment required for the installation and maintenance of the turbine, as
listed in Annexure –2B “List of Special Tools and Maintenance Equipment’s”, shall be
furnished. All tools and devices shall be properly stamped for identification and use.

7-19 SHOP ASSEMBLY AND TESTS

AAA. General

1. The excitation and voltage-regulation equipment, excluding the excitation

transformers, shall be completely shop assembled.

2. System computations and test reports of individual component tests shall be

furnished to the Purchaser, to verify that the excitation system will withstand a
full short circuit of the field without damage while the excitation system is at
ceiling voltage.

BBB. Excitation Systems: The following tests shall be performed on each excitation
system:

1. Routine tests on the excitation power transformers shall be performed in

accordance with ANSI-C57.12-01 and C57.12-91.

2. Operational checks shall be made of all cooling fans, breakers, and other
devices such as sensors, transducers, alarms, and protective devices.

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3. The main power circuits of the assembled cubicles shall be given a one-minute
dielectric test to ground at an AC rms voltage of 10 times the field voltage
corresponding to the rated generator load.

4. All other electrical parts, such as regulators, rheostats, and similar devices, shall
be tested individually in accordance with applicable ANSI/IEC or IEEE Standards,
except that where the parts are in quantity production and routine tests are
made, and such routine tests are in accordance with the ANSI or IEEE
Standards, individual tests of such parts shall not be required; however, in
either event, certified test data covering each parts shall be submitted.

CCC. Rectifier: The following tests shall be performed on one completely assembled
rectifier:

1. Tests to demonstrate that, with one thyristor fuse removed, the temperature
rise of the component parts will not exceed that which would be suitable for
continuous operation of the elements of the rectifier at maximum rated
output.

2. Tests to demonstrate that the thyristors and thyristor fuses, with one thyristor
fuse removed, can withstand without injury an output current corresponding to
the field current at excitation ceiling voltage for duration of one minute.

3. Tests to demonstrate uniform current division among parallel thyristors at a

load corresponding to 100% of the rated output.

4. Tests to demonstrate the capability of the exciter to reach the positive and
negative ceiling voltages corresponding to the specified excitation system
voltage response ratio.

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5. Tests to determine the efficiency of the rectifier at an output corresponding to

the generator field current at generator rated conditions.

7-20 FIELD TESTS

Field tests shall be as specified in Part-02 Section -08.

7-21 SPARE PARTS

DDD. Mandatory Spare Parts

Refer the annexure-2B

EEE.Optional Spare Parts

The Supplier shall furnish in his Bid a list of recommended additional spare parts,
including prices, and shall indicate the time required for delivery of each item to the
Site, after receipt of purchase order from the Purchaser.

Annexure-2B

The Supplier shall supply as a minimum the following spare parts for the excitation
system
equipment:

a) Rectifier

 Three (3) complete power thyristor bridges;

 Twelve (12) sets of thyristors for one bridge;

 Twelve (12) sets of power fuses for one bridge and lamps;

 Six (6) cooling ventilator units.

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b) Voltage regulator

 Six (6) modules of each type;

 Six (6) relays of each type;

 Six (6) transducers of each type;

 Six (6) power system stabilizers;

 Six (6) sets of fuses and lamps.

c) Auxiliary relaying

 Six (6) timer relays of each type;

 Six (6) auxiliary relays of each type;

 Six (6) protection relays of each type;

 Six (6) pulse amplifiers and transformers;

 Six (6) miniature circuit breakers of each type;

 Six (6) sets of diodes (blocking diodes).

d) Field breaker

 Three (3) complete field breakers;

 Six (6) sets of main and arcing contacts, stationary and moving;

 Six (6) discharge resistors;

 Six (6) closing coils;

 Twelve (12) trip coils;

 Three (3) spring charging motors;

 Three (3) set of crowbar components.

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e) Field flashing

 Three (3) field flashing transformers;

 Three (3) field flashing rectifier bridges;

 Three (3) field flashing contactors;

 Three (3) field flashing resistors.

f) Excitation transformer

 One (1) three-phase or three (3) single-phase excitation transformers

including all accessories.

All spare parts shall be electrically and mechanically identical to the corresponding
parts in the equipment, shall be adjusted and calibrated where necessary and
shall be suitably packed and clearly marked ready for long-term storage indoors. A
list of all spare parts with their specifications shall be provided.

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7-22 Excitation System Technical Data sheet

Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

1.0 General

1.1 Manufacturer -

Place of -
1.2
manufacture

1.3 Required Qty Set 9 9

System -
2
Requirement

Regulation 1 No-Independ
1 No-Independ
panel- Control double chanel
double chanel
panel ( eacha with
( eacha with
AVR+FCR),AQR
AVR+FCR),AQR
2.1 and AFR, V/F
and AFR, V/F
Limiter,OEL,UEL
Limiter,OEL,UEL;
; Residual
Residual voltage
voltage flashing
flashing and PSS
and PSS

2.2 3 Nos- Each

Thyristor panel 3 Nos- Each
Having Thyristor
Having
bridges ,
Thyristor
Ventilation fans
bridges ,
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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

Ventilation fans
( two No ), Field
( two No ), Field
Bus
Bus

FCB panel 1 No. Having 1 No. Having Field

Field circuit circuit Breaker ,
Breaker , Crow Crow bar
2.3
bar protection, protection,
Discharge Discharge resister
resister

Transformer Suitable for 3

incomer ph power Suitable for 3 ph
cubicle cables power cables
connection connection
comming from comming from
3ph 4000 kva ,* 3ph 4000 kva ,*
Dry type, Epoxy Dry type, Epoxy
2.4
resin cast iron resin cast iron
transformer or transformer or 1
1 ph 1250 kva ph 1250 kva Dry
Dry type, Epoxy type, Epoxy resin
resin cast iron cast iron
transformer transformer bank
bank

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

Applicable - IEC/IEEE
2.5 IEC/IEEE
standards

Thickness of Mm
enclosure
2.6 2
frame , roof
and rear panel.

Mounting plate Mm
2.7 4
thickness

Thickness of Mm
2.8 2
doors

Power cable
exit from the
2.9 Bottom
cubicle
top/bottom

Control cable
exit from the
2.10 Bottom
cubicle
top/bottom

2.11 2
Material and Mm
thickness of

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

gland plate

Lables for each

2.12 Yes
equipment

Following
3 accessories to
be provided

3.1 Space heater Yes

3.2 Lighting fixture Yes

3.3 Plug point Yes

Rated Capacity MVA 276.47 276.47

4
of generator

Overload MVA 305.0 305.0

continuous
5 Capacity of
Generator -
110%

6 Rated Voltage kV 15.75±10% 15.75±10%

7 Main data

7.1 Data of

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

excitation
system at
rated
generator
output, rated
generator
terminal
voltage and
rated power
factor (hot
rotor winding)

 Field V 251
362
voltage

 Field A 2229
2102
current

 Field power kW 560 761

Field current at A
7.2 129
no load

Field Voltage V
7.3 1089
at no load

8 Ceiling voltage
in per units of
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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

rated field
voltage

 Ceiling p.u. 2.0 2.0

voltage at
no load

 Ceiling p.u. 3.0 3.0

voltage at
rated load

Field current at
8.1 rated ceiling A 6306
voltage

Excitation
8.2 system voltage 1/s <0.1 <0.1
response ratio

Maximum time
period for
operation at s 10
8.3
ceiling voltage
10
without
damage

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

Data of
excitation
system at
continuous
overload
generator
9 output, 110%
generator
terminal
voltage and
rated power
factor (hot
rotor winding)

 Field V
398.2
voltage

 Field A
2312.2
current

Maximum
continuous
output
10
capability of
excitation
system

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

 Maximum A
field 6306
current

 Maximum V
field 1086
voltage

 Maximum
duration of s
over 10
excitation
period

Range of %
automatic
10.1 10-110
voltage level
setting

Range for
manual control %
10.2 of excitation, 20-130
normal
operation

10.3 20-130
Range for
manual control %

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

of excitation,
test purposes

Voltage
11 Regulating
System

Voltage -
11.1 regulator,
make

Voltage - 1 No-Independ
1 No-Independ
regulator, type double chanel
double chanel
( eacha with
( eacha with
AVR+FCR),AQR
AVR+FCR),AQR
11.2 and AFR, V/F
and AFR, V/F
Limiter,OEL,UEL
Limiter,OEL,UEL;
; Residual
Residual voltage
voltage flashing
flashing and PSS
and PSS

EXCITER
13 THYRISTOR
CONVERTOR

13.1 Output kW 560 761

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

Rated exciter V 251

13.2 362
output voltage

Rated DC A 2229
13.3 2102
output current

Maximum A -
13.4 continuous DC 2312
output rating

Short time s 10
13.5 rating in Amps 10
(specify time)

Ceiling voltage V;Se 753; 10 *

13.6 1086;10
and duration c

Ceiling current A;Se 3120.6;10*

13.7 6306;10
and duration c

Ability of the Yes

excitation
system to
13.8 Yes
operate under
all conditions
of duty cycle

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

Type of 3 phase fully 3 phase fully

13.9
converter controlled controlled

No. of 3
13.10 3
converters

Rating of each A
13.11 converter 2000
bridge

Power for the From Generator

excitation busduct / From Generator
13.12
equipment busduct
Excitation
transformer

Required V 690 V from the 690V from the

13.13
supply voltage SET secondry * SET secondary

13.14 No. of phases 3 3

Rated Hz 50
13.15 50
frequency

Type and make

13.16
of Thyristor

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

Rated PIV of V 1
13.17 1
Thyristor

Rated current A -
13.18 2000
of thyristor

Maximum A -
current rating Forced Cooling
of thyristor

13.19 Thyristor Forced Cooling

element
cooling
method

Total no. of
13.20 Thyristors 3
Cubucle

No. of bridges
13.21 1
per cubicle

No. of No
thyristors per
13.22 6
converter
bridge

13.23 ℃ 55
Thyristor

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

junction
temperature at
rated current

Thyristor fuse -
RSM2000A/
13.4 rating: type &
2000V
make

Maximum % <5%*
ripple content
13.25 <5%
at rated
current

AC / DC bus Copper
13.27 Copper
bar material

Whether Yes
13.28 Yes
insulated

Location in Yes
13.29 Yes
cubicles

Electrical fan
13.30
motor ratings

13.30.  Rated V _____________

400
1 voltage

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

 Rated kW _____________
13.30. power
3.9
2 consumptio
n

Field circuit
14
breaker

Type of circuit - DC Field Circuit DC Field Circuit

14.1
breaker Breaker Breaker

14.2 Rated current A 4500

14.3 Rated voltage V 2000

Rated kA
maximum
14.4 75
breaking
current

Total opening s 0.05*

14.5 0.275
time

Total closing s 0.085*

14.6 0.095
time

14.7 Crow bar

Type of field Crow bar
protection with
over voltage protection with

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

protection static controls static controls

Field discharge
resistor rating (
14.9 Kw, amps, 6MJ
ohms to be
specified )

14.9.1 Rating Kw NA

14.9.2 Amps A NA

14.9.3 Resistance Ohm NA

AC - field
15 flashing
equipment

Duration of S 10
15.1 10
flashing

Power rating of
15.2 field flashing kVA 3
transformer

Rated voltages
15.3
of transformer

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Item Excitation Unit Required Data Bidders Data JV Remarks

System

 Primary V
15.4 400
side

 Secondary V
15.5 20
side

DC - field
16 flashing
equipment

Power
requirements, Kw
16.1 if such 10
equipment is
provided

16.2 Supply voltage ?

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Annexure-2- Technical Specification of Excitation Transformer

1 Introduction

Rufiji Hydroelectric project is a Surface Power Station comprising of nine generating units
of 235 MW capacities each. The station will generate power at 15.75 kV and it will be
stepped up to 420 kV through single phase generator transformers located in transformer
cavern. The single phase transformer 420/√3/16.0 kV shall be connected to generator
through Generator Circuit Breaker and Isolated phase bus duct. The terminals of HV side
of transformer shall be connected to 420 kV Short Transmission line.

2 Purpose

The objective of this Technical Specification is to elaborate major basic parameters

considered for design of Static Excitation Transformers. The details include description of
system and its major components, rating & interfacing with other systems. The objective
of this document is not to describe each and every detail of the system.

3 General Information

3.1 Project Information

Project Name : Rufiji HPP (9 X 235 MW)

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River : Rufiji River

End Customer : Tanzania Electricity Supply Company Limited (TANESCO)

Project Location : At Stigler’s Gorge along the Rufiji River Tanzania

3.2 Environmental conditions

Altitude : <100.0 m (Operating floor)

Ambient Temp. : 40 to 50 deg. C

Relative Humidity : 100 %

Seismic Data* : Horizontal Acceleration = 0.3 g

: Vertical Acceleration = 0.4 g

4 Codes & Standards

The Static Excitation Transformers shall comply with the latest edition of the following
standards and other relevant standards.
S. No. Description Reference
1 Acoustic Pressure Level DIN 45635
2 Design and Construction IEC60076-1,
IEC60076- 11, IEC60071,
IEC61378, EN50178,
IEC61800, IEC60146,

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DIN 61378-1

3 Distance and Creapage’s EN50178, IEC 664

4 Quality Assurance ISO 9001

5 Current Transformers IEC 60044-1, 60044-2

6 Climatic Demands IEC/EN 60439

5 Equipment Description

5.1 Scope
The scope of work shall be a comprehensive functional system covering all supply and
services including the following:
1. *Nine (27) Nos. – 15.75/0.690 kV, three phase 1250VA, 1Ph cast resin dry type Static
Excitation Transformer Transformer (SET) complete with necessary accessories such as
bushings, off-circuit tap changer, CT’s, instrumentation, fittings etc. or
2. *Nine (9) No. – 15.75/0.69 kV, three phase 4000 kVA, cast resin dry type Static Excitation
Transformer (SET) complete with necessary accessories such as bushings, off-circuit tap
changer, CT’s, instrumentation, fittings etc.

5.2 Technical details of Static Excitation transformers

5.2.1 Basic Technical Particulars

The basic technical Particulars of the Static Excitation Transformers are as follows:
I. SET*
Type - Indoor, dry type cast resin

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kVA Rating - 1250 KVA 1ph or 4000 KVA 3Ph

Voltage rating - 15.75.0/0.69 kV
System frequency - 50 Hz,
No. of phases - 3
Type of Cooling - AN or Force Air
Vector Group - Dy11
Tap Changer - Off-Circuit Tap changer
Tapping range & step - +4%/+2.5%/0/-2.5%/-5% (4 steps of 2.5 %)
Class of insulation - F
Termination for LV winding - Cable Box termination
Termination for HV winding - IPBD termination
Power frequency withstand voltage for 1 minute (kV rms)
High Voltage Winding - 50 Kv rms
Low Voltage Winding - 3 KV rms
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage for 1.2/50 microsecond wave (kV peak)
High Voltage Winding - 125 Kv rms

5.3 Construction Details of Dry Type Excitation Transformers

5.3.1 Enclosure
The dry type transformers shall be housed in a IP-23 protected enclosure fabricated from
2 mm thick metal fabricated sheet steel. The enclosure door shall have provision of
padlocking arrangement. A suitable danger plate shall be provided on the door. The
louvers on enclosure shall be provided to ensure proper dissipation of heat.

5.3.2 Core
The core shall be constructed from high grade, non-aging, low loss, high permeability, cold
rolled grain oriented silicon steel laminations.

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5.3.3 Windings
The high and low voltage windings of the transformer shall be of electrolytic grade copper,
free from scales and burns. All windings of the transformer shall be fully insulated for the
rated voltage. The winding insulation shall be class F & temperature rise shall be limited to
class F.

5.3.4 Off Circuit Tap Changer

Off-circuit taps at step of 2.5 % (5 steps) shall be provided on the high voltage winding.
The off-circuit tap changing shall be done by changing the links provided on all three
phase.

5.3.5 Marshalling Box

A sheet steel, vermin and dust proof marshalling box shall be provided with each
transformer to accommodate the temperature indicators. The Sheet steel used shall be at
least 2.0 mm thick. The box shall be enclosure mounted type and have sloping roof. The
degree of protection shall be IP-4X.

5.3.6 Mounting Arrangements

Suitable bi-directional rollers along with necessary clamps and accessories shall be
provided for fixing the transformer body on the foundation.

5.3.7 Fittings
The following fittings shall be provided with the dry type transformers:
a. Inspection covers.
b. Off circuit links on HV side.

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c. Rating, diagram & tap connection plates.

d. Terminal marking plate.
e. Two nos. earthing terminals with lugs.
f. Digital Temperature scanner winding temperature indicator for indication of the hot
spot temperature of the LV winding shall be provided in the marshalling box.
Temperature input shall be input from RTD embedded in winding Limb. It shall have
two adjustable potential free contracts, one for winding temperature high alarm and
one for trip. Also it should have analog 4-20 ma signal for the remote monitoring of
temperature. Auxiliary supply to scanner shall be 1ph 230 v AC / 125 v DC.
g. Danger plate.

6 Interfacing with other system

6.1 Layout

Sl. No. Type of transformer Elevation (mtrs.)

1 <100.0m
Excitation Transformer

6.2 Cabling

The HV side of Excitation Transformer shall be connected to Isolated bus duct and LV
side shall be connected to Static Excitation System through suitable size Cu cables.

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6.3 Isolated Phase Bus Duct

The HV side of SET shall be provided with busduct flange or adapter box suitable for
connection to the 16.0 kV isolated phase bus duct.

6.4 Protection & Control System

Current transformers (CTs) shall be provided in the tap-off busduct for the over-current
protection of the Excitation transformers:

Note: - Details of CTs is already covered under Technical specification of IPB,

6.5 Earthing

At least two (2) nos. bolted type ground pads complete with suitable tapped holes, bolts
and washers shall be provided in the transformers to connect the riser from the main
earth grid.

7 Painting procedure

Paint shade shall be RAL 7035 and painting procedure shall be as per manufacturer
standard.

8 Factory test and inspection

Tests and inspection shall be as per IEC 60076-2 Standard for Excitation Transformer.

9 Mandatory spares

The following spares shall be supplied with each type of Auxiliary Transformer:

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1 Complete set of gaskets 1 Set.

2 Contacts for Tap Changer 1 Set.
3 Indicating instruments of each type used 1 Nos.

10 Special tools & maintenance equipment

No special tool is required.

11 Exclusions

All civil works related to transformer foundation.

12 Conclusion

Aforementioned points are the broad features of Excitation Transformers indicated for
Technical specification. The design requirements in general, shall be as per the technical
specifications of contract.

Data Sheet

Data Sheet is mentioned in Annexure-D

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Annexure-3 –Technical Data Sheet Excitation Transformer

Item Excitation Required Data

Bidders Data JV Remarks
s transformer

Total Qty Set 9 Nos if 3 ph

1 Required and 27 Nos in 27 Nos 1 Ph
case of 1 ph

Selection
*Rating MVA 1250 KVA in
Calculation
case of 1ph
2 1250 KVA 1 Ph Required
and 4000 KVA
in case of 3 ph

Place of --------------
3 China
manufacture

Applicable IEC-60076
4 IEC60076
Standard

5 Yes
All the
equipment’s Yes
including
bought out
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items are
designed to
withstand for
Seismic forces
specified in the
specification
(Yes/No)

*Transformer
continuous kVA 1250 KVA for 1
1250KVA for 1
6 three-phase ph and 4000
Ph
power rating on KVA for 3 ph
any tapping

Design Ambient ℃ 40
7 40
Temperature

8 Installation Indoor Indoor

9 Rated frequency Hz 50 50

10 Vector group - DY11 DY11

Number of 3
11 3
Phases

*Rated HV side A 78.125

12 107.9
Current

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*Rated LV side A 1811.59

13 1918
Current

Rated Voltage kV *16.0/0.69

14 ( no load )HV/LV 16/0.9
winding

15 Insulation Class F F

*Transformer
rated voltage at
16
rated frequency
and no-load

 High- kV
voltage,
NA
principal
tapping

 High-
voltage, kV
NA
extreme
plus tapping

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 High-
voltage, kV
extreme NA
minus
tapping

 Low voltage kV NA

Magnetic Flux T ≤1.7T

17 ≤1.7T
Density

*Impedance
voltage (75°C) at
18 rated frequency,
on 100 % rated
kVA and:

 Principal ≤8
% ≤8 (±10 %
tapping Tolerances as
per IEC
standard )

 Extreme ≤8
% ≤8 (±10 %
plus tapping Tolerances as
per IEC
standard )

 Extreme ≤8
% ≤8 (±10 %
minus Tolerances as
tapping per IEC

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standard )

Rated short
duration power kVrms 50.0
frequency
19 50
withstand
voltage, 1 min.
HV side

Rated lightning 125

impulse kVpea
20 125
withstand k

voltage HV side

Rated short
duration power kVrms 3.0
frequency
21 3.0
withstand
voltage, 1 min.
LV side

Maximum pC <10
22 Partial <10
Discharge

Over Fluxing sec Continues Continues

23 capacity @110%
of voltage

24 Over Fluxing sec 10

10

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capacity @125%
of voltage

Over Fluxing sec 0.5

25 capacity @140% 0.5
of voltage

Core Materials CRGO-M5/ CRGO-M5/

26
Grade Equivalent Equivalent

Conductor Copper
27 Copper
Materials

HV conductor mm2
28 Cross section ?
area

LV conductor mm2 To be

29 cross section ? confirmed

area

Core Weight kg During Details Agreed

30 ~5610*
Engineering

Conductor kg During Details Agreed

~2400*
31
weight Engineering

Insulation kg During Details Agreed

~900*
32
Weight Engineering

Total Weight kg During Details Agreed

~9000*
33
with all fittings Engineering

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Details of
34
enclosure

34.1 IP class 23 23

34.2 Sheet thickness mm 2.5 2.5

Temperature Digital
Digital
Indicator Temperature
Temperature
Scanner with
34.3 Scanner with
PT-100 as
PT-100 as
sensing
sensing element
element

*Transformer
no-load losses
(three-phase) at kW Approx. 8.26
35 rated voltage, Approx. 8.26
principal
tapping and
rated frequency

36 Approx. 43.0
*Transformer
total losses
(75°C three-
phase) at kW Approx. 43.0
nominal load,
rated voltage,
rated frequency

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and principal
tapping

*Efficiency at % ≥98.8
100% rated
37 ≥98.8
load, 75℃ and
0.85 pf

Transformer
temperature
rises after
continuous
operation with
rated kVA,
under rated
38
conditions and
on tapping
giving highest
losses from
ambient
temperature
( 40-50 ℃)

Windings (by ℃ ≤90

38.1 ≤90
resistance)

38.2 Maximum ℃ 40-50

40- 50
Ambient

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Temperature

39 Type of Cooling AN or AF AN or AF

Installation m <100.0
40 <100.0
Height (EL)

41 Climatic Class C2 C2

Environmental E2
42 E2
Class

Fire Behavior F1
43 F1
Class

Temperature 6 PTC sensors

Protection of LV
44 6 PTC sensors
winding coils
and core

Temperature Local display

Scanner along with 4-
20 ma analog
signal for
remote Meet the
45
monitoring, 2 requirement
NO /NC
contact for
alarm and
tripping

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Acoustic dB ≤60
46 ≤60
pressure level

Grounded Yes Yes

Shield winding
47
between HV
and LV (Yes/No)

3 Ph connection Yes Yes

48 at HV from IPBD
(Yes/No)

3 Phase cable Yes Yes

49 connection from
LV from Bottom

Painting Epoxy Powder

procedure coating with
(Internal and average paint
Meet the
50 external ) thickness 60
Requirement
micron with
finish shade
RAL-7035

*Transformer mm ~3000 x 1900 x

Over all 2500 7500x1800x280
51
dimension (Lx W 0
x H)

52 Minimum 225/225
mm 225/225

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External air
clearance as per
IEC code –Ph-
Ph/Ph-E

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