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III - Interviews, Observations and Survey

The document discusses different methods for collecting qualitative data, including interviews, observations, and surveys. It describes various types of interviews (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), observations (natural, controlled, participant, non-participant), and surveys (questionnaires, interview questionnaires). Guidelines are provided for conducting each method properly, such as preparing materials, establishing rapport, asking clear questions, and documenting responses. The best method depends on a study's research questions and design.

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81 views38 pages

III - Interviews, Observations and Survey

The document discusses different methods for collecting qualitative data, including interviews, observations, and surveys. It describes various types of interviews (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), observations (natural, controlled, participant, non-participant), and surveys (questionnaires, interview questionnaires). Guidelines are provided for conducting each method properly, such as preparing materials, establishing rapport, asking clear questions, and documenting responses. The best method depends on a study's research questions and design.

Uploaded by

Aizen Lozada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 6: Data Collection for Qualitative Research

Lesson 1
Conducting Interviews,
Observations, and Surveys

Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What is data
collection in
research?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 2


● Recall the types of interviews,
Learning observations, and surveys.
Objectives

At the end of the


● Discuss the guidelines in
lesson, you should be conducting interviews,
able to do the
following: observations, and surveys.

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 33


What are the different ways to collect data in
qualitative research?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 44


How can you choose the best data collection
method for your qualitative study?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 55


Interview

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 6


Types of Interview

1. Unstructured - interviewer asks any


questions about the research topic
2. Semi-structured - follows a specific set of
questions, which are mostly open-ended
3. Structured - a set of closed-ended questions
with specific answers

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 7


Most qualitative researchers use
semi-structured interviews for its
moderate flexibility and rigidity of
questions.

8
Observation

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 9


Types of Observations

1. Natural - event occuring in a natural setting


2. Controlled - event occuring in a controlled
environment

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 10


Types of Observations

3. Participant - the researcher/observer


participates in the observed event
4. Non-participant - researcher/observer
solely observes and documents the event

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 11


Natural observation is the best
observation method to be used
when conducting phenomenological
and ethnographic studies.

12
Survey

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 13


Types of Surveys

1. Survey Questionnaire - a form where


respondents’ write or record their answers
for rating-scales and close-ended questions

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 14


Types of Surveys

2. Interview Questionnaire - a form where


respondents’ write or record their answers
for open-ended questions

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 15


In qualitative studies, an interview
questionnaire is a more commonly
used research instrument as compared
to the survey questionnaire.

16
Survey

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 17


Kinds of Interview and Survey Questions

1. Open-Ended - questions that require


responses to have explanation, an
elaboration, or an example
2. Closed-Ended - questions with specific or
definite answers

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 18


How important is the use of
open-ended questions in a
qualitative research?

19
Prerequisites for Data Collection

1. Establishing rapport with respondents


2. Clarity of questions
3. Appropriate choice of respondents

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 20


Tips

To make sure that your questions are


clear, read your questions as if you
were the respondent who will answer
the questions. Rephrase and simplify
your questions when necessary.

21
Why is it a prerequisite for data
collection to choose appropriate
respondents for your qualitative
study?

22
How to Hold Interviews

1. Dress appropriately.
2. Prepare data recording materials.
3. Communicate with respondents.

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 23


How to Hold Interviews

4. State purpose of the study.


5. Document the interview proper.
6. Provide closing remarks and acknowledgements.

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 24


Tip

Research on the basic facts or


background of your research topic
before observing the related event.

25
How to Conduct Observations

1. Do preliminary research.
2. Dress appropriately.
3. Prepare data recording materials.

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 26


How to Conduct Observations

4. Observe ethical practices.


5. Document the observation.
6. Ensure purposeful engagement.

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 27


How can you ensure purposeful
engagement while observing an
event?

28
How to Administer Surveys

1. Dress appropriately.
2. Prepare data collection materials.
3. Administer the questionnaire.
4. Retrieve responses.

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 29


Tip

To choose the best data collection


method for your study, base your
method on the study’s Statement of
the Problem, Scope and Limitations,
and Research Design.

30
Think of your chosen qualitative
research topic.
Practice
What data collection method will
you use?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 31


Quick Check

1. What is the third step or guideline in


conducting a survey?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 32


32
Quick Check

2. What type of observation requires the direct


involvement of the researcher in the
observed activity or phenomenon?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 33


33
Quick Check

3. How do you observe ethical practices during


event observation?

ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 34


34
Wrap Up

Qualitative data collection methods


include interviews, observations, and
surveys.

Interviews may be structured,


unstructured, or semi-structured.

35
Wrap Up

Observations may be natural,


controlled, participant, or
non-participant.

Surveys may be done through survey


questionnaires or interview
questionnaires.

36
Wrap Up
Interviews Observations Surveys (Interview
Questionnaires)

1. Dress appropriately. 1. Do preliminary 1. Dress appropriately.


2. Prepare data research on the topic. 2. Prepare data
recording materials. 2. Dress appropriately. collection materials.
3. Communicate with 3. Prepare data 3. Administer the
respondents. recording materials. questionnaire.
4. State purpose of the 4. Observe ethical 4. Retrieve responses.
study. practices.
5. Document the 5. Document the
interview proper. observation.
6. Provide closing 6. Ensure purposeful
remarks and engagement.
acknowledgements.

37
Bibliography
Creswell, John. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2013.

Kothari, C. R. Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques. New Delhi: New Age
International Publishers, 2004.

Kumar, Ranjit. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. 3rd ed.
New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2011.

Marczyk, Geoffrey, David DeMatteo, and David Festinger. Essentials of Research


Design and Methodology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

Vanderstoep, Scott, and Johnston, Deirdre. Research Methods for Everyday Life:
Blending Qualitative: Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009.
38

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