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1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative Data

This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics including: 1. Descriptive statistics which organizes and summarizes data using tables, graphs and measures. 2. Inferential statistics which uses samples to make conclusions about populations. 3. Examples of populations, samples, qualitative and quantitative data. 4. Methods for organizing and displaying qualitative data including frequency tables and bar graphs.

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Amer Ibrahim
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79 views

1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative Data

This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics including: 1. Descriptive statistics which organizes and summarizes data using tables, graphs and measures. 2. Inferential statistics which uses samples to make conclusions about populations. 3. Examples of populations, samples, qualitative and quantitative data. 4. Methods for organizing and displaying qualitative data including frequency tables and bar graphs.

Uploaded by

Amer Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistics - STAT100

1- Statistics and types of Statistics :


What is statistics ?
Definition : statistics is the science of collecting ,
analyzing , presenting , interpreting data, as well as of
making decisions based on such analyses.
Definitions
( a ) Descriptive statistics: consists of methods for
organizing, displaying, and describing data by using
tables, graphs and summary measures.
( b ) Inferential statistics: consists of methods that
use sample results to help make decisions about a
population.
Population. Sample :
A set of units that is interest to study . A subset of the population .

Examples Of a population Examples Of a Sample :

-Children in a school -Children in classroom in a school


-Students in a college - Civil engineering students at the
-animals on a farm university
-etc. -a child takes a sample of five cookies
from a recently baked batch of thirty
chocolate chip cookies.
Data
Definition :data set is the collection
of observed values of the statistical
variable .
types of data

1,2,3,4,5,6

1,2
Definitions
1- Qualitative data :
Data generated by Qualitative
variable.
2- Quantitative data :
Data generated by a quantitative
variable
Organizing and Graphing
Qualitative data
Data sets are Organized into tables
and displayed using graphs . First
we discuss of raw data .
definition : Raw data --- Data
recoded in the sequence in which
they are collected and before are
ranked .
EXAMPLE :1
A sample of 30 employees from large companies was
selected, and these employees were asked how stressful
their jobs were. The responses of these employees are
recorded below, where very represents very stressful,
somewhat means somewhat stressful, and none stands for
not stressful at all.
Somewhat none somewhat very very none
Very somewhat somewhat very somewhat somewhat
very somewhat none very none somewhat
somewhat very somewhat somewhat very none
somewhat very very somewhat none somewhat
Construct a frequency distribution table for these data?
Solution

෍
Relative Frequency and
Percentage Distribution
Relative Frequency of category =

Frequency of that category


Sum of all Frequencies

Percentage = (Relative Frequency ) . 100%


Example (2)
Determine the relative Frequency
and percentage distribution for the
data in example (1)
Solution
Bar Graphs

Figure 2.1 Bar graph


for the frequency distribution
of Table 2.4.
Very
Somewhat
None
H.W 1
2.3 The following data give the results of a sample survey. The letters A, B, and C represent the
three categories.
A B B A C B C C C A
C B C A C C B C C A
A B C C B C B A C A
a. Prepare a frequency distribution table.
b. Calculate the relative frequencies and percentages for all categories.
c. What percentage of the elements in this sample belong to category B?
d. What percentage of the elements in this sample belong to category A or C?
e. Draw a bar graph for the frequency distribution

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