SHRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR INSTITUTE

OF
MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Practical file
Of
Software Engineering

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr Rachna Singh Mam JATIN WADHWA

Enrolment Number
03991102021
S No. Topic Date signature

1 Select and Write down the problem statement for a real time system of
relevance.

2 Analyse requirement for a system and develop Software Requirement

Specification Sheet (SRS) for suggested system

3 To create the function oriented diagram: Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

4 To perform the user‘s view analysis for the suggested system: Use case
diagram.

5 To draw the structural view diagram for the system: Class diagram

6 To draw the behavioural view diagram: State-chart diagram or Activity

diagram

7 To perform the behavioural view diagram for the suggested system:

Sequence diagram

8 Draw the component diagram

9 Draw the Deployment diagram

10 Perform Measurement of complexity with Halstead Metrics for chosen

system.

INDEX
Que Select and Write down the problem statement for a real time system of relevance
Ans

Problem Statement: The current real-time system of Instagram's algorithm for displaying content on users' feeds is
causing a significant decrease in engagement and reach for small businesses and content creators, leading to a loss
of potential customers and revenue.

Introduction: Instagram's algorithm is responsible for displaying content on users' feeds. However, the current real-
time system of the algorithm is not effectively displaying the content of small businesses and content creators,
resulting in a decrease in engagement and reach. This problem has led to a loss of potential customers and revenue
for these entities, which is concerning given the importance of social media in today's digital age.

Background: Instagram's algorithm uses a real-time system that analyzes a user's behavior, such as their search
history and interactions, to determine what content to display on their feed. However, small businesses and content
creators have reported a significant decrease in engagement and reach since the algorithm was updated. This
problem is because the algorithm prioritizes content from larger, more established accounts, making it difficult for
smaller entities to gain visibility.

Problem: The current real-time system of Instagram's algorithm is causing a significant decrease in engagement and
reach for small businesses and content creators, leading to a loss of potential customers and revenue. This problem
needs to be addressed to provide equal opportunities for all users of the platform, regardless of their size or status.

Solution: To solve this problem, Instagram needs to update its real-time system by implementing a more equitable
algorithm that considers the relevance and quality of content rather than the size and status of the account. This
update would provide smaller businesses and content creators with equal opportunities to reach their target
audience and engage with potential customers, ultimately leading to increased revenue and growth for these
entities. Additionally, Instagram could consider providing tools and resources for small businesses and content
creators to help them optimize their content and increase engagement.

Implementation: The implementation of a new and improved real-time system for Instagram's algorithm will
require a significant overhaul of the current system. Instagram could start by conducting a thorough analysis of the
current algorithm and identifying the factors that prioritize content from larger accounts over smaller ones. From
there, they can develop new criteria that prioritize the relevance and quality of content, ensuring that all accounts
have a fair chance of reaching their target audience.Additionally, Instagram could consider incorporating machine
learning and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to further optimize the real-time system. These technologies could
analyze user behavior and engagement patterns to identify what types of content are most relevant to them, further
improving the accuracy of the algorithm.Furthermore, Instagram could provide resources and tools for small
businesses and content creators to optimize their content for the algorithm. This could include guidelines for
creating engaging and relevant content, as well as tools for analyzing the performance of their posts and identifying
areas for improvement.

Benefits: An improved real-time system for Instagram's algorithm would provide significant benefits for small
businesses and content creators, as well as the platform itself. Small businesses and content creators would have a
fairer chance of reaching their target audience, leading to increased engagement, revenue, and growth. Additionally,
the platform would benefit from increased diversity and variety of content, leading to a better user experience for all
users.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the current real-time system of Instagram's algorithm is causing significant problems for
small businesses and content creators. However, an updated and more equitable real-time system could provide
significant benefits for all users of the platform. By implementing a new and improved real-time system, Instagram
can ensure that all accounts have a fair chance of reaching their target audience, leading to increased engagement,
revenue, and growth for small businesses and content creators.
Que Analyze requirement for a system and develop Software Requirement Specification Sheet (SRS) for suggested
system
Ans
Requirement Analysis for Instagram's Real-Time System:

1. The system should be able to analyze user behavior and interactions accurately and in real-time to determine
what content to display on their feed.
2. The system should prioritize the relevance and quality of content rather than the size and status of the account.
3. The system should be able to provide equal opportunities for all users of the platform, regardless of their size or
status.
4. The system should be scalable and able to handle large volumes of user data.
5. The system should incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to optimize the real-time
system.
6. The system should provide resources and tools for small businesses and content creators to optimize their content
for the algorithm.

Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for Instagram's Real-Time System:

1. Introduction:
The purpose of this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is to outline the requirements for an updated and
improved real-time system for Instagram's algorithm. This system will ensure that all users of the platform have a fair
chance of reaching their target audience, leading to increased engagement, revenue, and growth.

2. Functional Requirements:
2.1. The system should analyze user behavior and interactions in real-time to determine what content to display on
their feed.
2.2. The system should prioritize the relevance and quality of content over the size and status of the account.
2.3. The system should provide equal opportunities for all users of the platform, regardless of their size or status.
2.4. The system should be scalable and able to handle large volumes of user data.
2.5. The system should incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to optimize the real-
time system.
2.6. The system should provide resources and tools for small businesses and content creators to optimize their
content for the algorithm.

3. Non-Functional Requirements:
3.1. The system should have a response time of no more than 500 milliseconds to ensure a seamless user experience.
3.2. The system should be able to handle a large number of requests simultaneously to ensure high availability.
3.3. The system should have a high level of accuracy in analyzing user behavior and interactions to ensure the
relevance of the displayed content.
3.4. The system should have a high level of security to protect user data and prevent unauthorized access.
3.5. The system should be easily maintainable and upgradable to ensure its long-term viability.

4. Performance Requirements:
4.1. The system should be able to handle at least 10,000 requests per second.
4.2. The system should have a response time of no more than 500 milliseconds.
4.3. The system should be able to store and process large volumes of user data.

5. Design Requirements:
5.1. The system should be designed using a modular and scalable architecture to ensure easy maintenance and
upgradability.
5.2. The system should be designed to be easily integrated with other Instagram features and platforms.
5.3. The system should be designed to be user-friendly and intuitive for all users of the platform.

6. Conclusion:
In conclusion, this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) outlines the requirements for an updated and
improved real-time system for Instagram's algorithm. This system will ensure that all users of the platform have a fair
chance of reaching their target audience, leading to increased engagement, revenue, and growth. The system should
be scalable, accurate, secure, and easily maintainable, with a high level of performance and user-friendliness.
7. User Requirements:
7.1. The system should provide relevant and personalized content for each user based on their preferences and
interactions on the platform.
7.2. The system should provide users with the ability to customize their feed and prioritize content from specific
accounts or topics.
7.3. The system should provide users with the ability to report inappropriate content or behavior to ensure a safe
and positive user experience.
7.4. The system should provide users with the ability to provide feedback on the content they see to improve the
accuracy and relevance of the system.

8. Constraints:
8.1. The system must comply with all relevant data protection and privacy regulations to protect user data.
8.2. The system must be compatible with a wide range of devices and operating systems to ensure accessibility for all
users of the platform.
8.3. The system must be designed to minimize downtime and service disruptions to ensure continuous availability for
users.
8.4. The system must be designed to minimize resource usage and energy consumption to reduce environmental
impact.

9. Assumptions and Dependencies:

9.1. The system assumes that users are providing accurate and genuine information about their preferences and
interactions on the platform.
9.2. The system depends on the availability and accuracy of third-party data sources to optimize the real-time
system.
9.3. The system assumes that users will provide feedback on the content they see to improve the accuracy and
relevance of the system.

10. Acceptance Criteria:

10.1. The system should be able to accurately analyze user behavior and interactions in real-time to determine what
content to display on their feed.
10.2. The system should prioritize the relevance and quality of content over the size and status of the account.
10.3. The system should provide equal opportunities for all users of the platform, regardless of their size or status.
10.4. The system should have a response time of no more than 500 milliseconds and be able to handle at least
10,000 requests per second.
10.5. The system should be able to store and process large volumes of user data accurately and securely.
10.6. The system should provide users with the ability to customize their feed and provide feedback on the content
they see.
10.7. The system should comply with all relevant data protection and privacy regulations and be compatible with a
wide range of devices and operating systems.

11. Glossary:
11.1. Real-time system: A system that processes and responds to data inputs in real-time or near real-time.
11.2. Algorithm: A set of instructions or rules used to solve a problem or perform a task.
11.3. Machine learning: A type of artificial intelligence that allows systems to learn and improve from experience
without being explicitly programmed.
11.4. Artificial intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to learn and
perform tasks.
11.5. User behavior: The actions, preferences, and interactions of users on the platform.
11.6. User data: Information collected from users, such as their interactions, preferences, and personal information.
Que To create the function-oriented diagram: Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Ans
DFD level 0 of Instagram

DFD level 1 of Instagram

Que To perform the user‘s view analysis for the suggested system: Use case diagram

Ans
Que To draw the structural view diagram for the system: Class diagram

Ans Class diagram of Instagram

Que To draw the behavioural view diagram : State-chart diagram or Activity diagram

Ans

State diagram of Instagram

Activity diagram of Instagram

Que To perform the behavioural view diagram for the suggested system : Sequence diagram

Ans

Sequence diagram for instagram

Que Draw the component diagram

Ans
Que Draw the Deployment diagram

Ans

Deployment for instagram