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Tutorial Sheet-3

1. This document contains tutorial problems on subgroups. It addresses properties of intersections and unions of subgroups, conjugates of subgroups, left and right cosets, index of subgroups, normalizers, centralizers, and centers of groups. 2. Key results proven include that the intersection of subgroups is a subgroup, conjugates of subgroups are subgroups, left and right cosets are in one-to-one correspondence, normalizers and centralizers are subgroups, and the center of a group is a subgroup. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate computing cosets of cyclic subgroups of integers and symmetric groups. Bounds on the index of intersections of subgroups of finite index are also discussed.

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Pratham Jain
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17 views

Tutorial Sheet-3

1. This document contains tutorial problems on subgroups. It addresses properties of intersections and unions of subgroups, conjugates of subgroups, left and right cosets, index of subgroups, normalizers, centralizers, and centers of groups. 2. Key results proven include that the intersection of subgroups is a subgroup, conjugates of subgroups are subgroups, left and right cosets are in one-to-one correspondence, normalizers and centralizers are subgroups, and the center of a group is a subgroup. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate computing cosets of cyclic subgroups of integers and symmetric groups. Bounds on the index of intersections of subgroups of finite index are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Pratham Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE,PILANI

Hyderabad Campus
FIRST SEMESTER 2023-2024
ALGEBRA-I (MATH F215)
Tutorial Sheet-3
Topics: Subgroups

1. If H and K are subgroups of G, show that H ∩ K is a subgroup of G. Does the same holds true for finite and
infinite number of subgroups of G?
2. If H and K are subgroups of G, check whether H ∪ K is a subgroup of G.
3. (a) If H is a subgroup of G, and a ∈ G let aHa−1 = {aha−1 |h ∈ H}. Show that aHa−1 is a subgroup of G.
(b) If H is finite, what is o(aHa−1 )?

4. For a subgroup H of G define the left coset aH of H in G as the set of all elements of the form ah, h ∈ H.
Show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the set of left cosets of H in G and the set of right
cosets in G.
5. Write out all the right cosets of H in G where
(a) G = (a) is a cyclic group of order 10 and H = (a2 ) is the subgroup of G generated by a2 .
(b) G as in part (a), H = (a5 ) is the subgroup of G generated by a5 .
(c) G = A(S), S = {x1 , x2 , x3 }, H = {σ ∈ G|x1 σ = x1 }
6. Write out all the left cosets of H in G for H and G as in the parts (a), (b), (c) of problem 5.
7. Is every right coset of H in G a left coset of H in G in the groups of problem 5?

8. Let G be the group of integers under the addition, Hn the subgroup consisting of all multiples of a fixed integer
n in G. Determine the index of Hn in G and write out all the right cosets of Hn in G?
9. In problem 8, what is Hn ∩ Hm ?
10. If G is a group and H, K are two subgroups of finite index in G, prove that H ∩ K is of finite index in G. Can
you find an upper bound for the index of H ∩ K in G?
11. If a ∈ G, define N (a) = {x ∈ G|xa = ax}. Show that N (a) is a subgroup of G. N (a) is usually called the
normalizer or centralizer of a in G.
12. If H is a subgroup of G, then by the centralizer C(H) of H we mean the set {x ∈ G|xh = hx, for all h ∈ H}.
Prove that C(H) is a subgroup of G.

13. The center Z of a group G is defined by Z = {z ∈ G|zx = xz, for all x ∈ G}. Prove that Z is a subgroup of
G. Can you recogonize Z as C(T ) for some subgroup T of G?
14. If H is a subgroup of G, let N (H) = {a ∈ G | aHa−1 = H}. Prove that
(a) N (H) is a subgroup of G.
(b) N (H) ⊃ H

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