INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY It allows IT departments to centralize electronic data and automate various data-related tasks.

This reduces the chances of data loss and human error, while also streamlining processes, saving
 Application of technology to solve business or organizational problems on a broad scale
time and enhancing productivity.
 the use of any computers, storage, networking, and other physical devices, infrastructure
and processes to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data. INTEGRATION OF IT IN BUSINESS

3 PILLARS OF IT DEPARTMENT Businesses rely on computer systems, software, and networks to streamline their operations,
enhance productivity, and gain a competitive edge.
1. IT governance – combination of policies and processes that ensure IT systems are
effectively run and in alignment with the organization’s needs. Businesses can automate processes, enhance communication and collaboration, and make data-
2. IT operations - the general category for the daily work of an IT department. It includes driven decisions.
providing tech support, network maintenance, communication protocols, security testing,
COMPUTER SCIENCE: THE FOUNDATION OF IT
and device management duties.
3. IT infrastructure – it includes the setup and maintenance of equipment, like routers, Computer science is the underlying discipline that drives information technology, serving as the
servers, phone systems, and inventory control – including individual devices like laptops. foundation upon which IT professionals build their expertise. It is a vast field encompassing the
study of algorithms, computational processes, programs, and software systems.
The IT department also helps to automate the business environment and create processes for
many of their respective company’s daily tasks, so that the business continues to run smoothly. As a result, computer science plays a critical role in advancing the field of information technology
and providing the necessary knowledge and skills for IT professionals to develop innovative
HARDWARE – includes all physical parts of a computer system. It describes components that can
solutions to complex problems.
be connected to the outside. Examples: Motherboard, CPU, and hard drive.
SOFTWARE – encompasses all the data, applications and programs stored electronically. Example: At its core, computer science aims to design, create, and optimize systems, ranging from simple
Operating system programs to complex software that powers modern computer management systems, web servers
support applications, and networks.
IMPORTANCE OF IT
IT professionals can develop a deeper appreciation for the challenges and opportunities that exist
 Data overload issues
within the realm of information technology.
 Mobile and wireless usage.
 Cloud computing services. COMPUTER PROGRAMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF IT
 Video hosting and bandwidth issues.
Computer programs are essential components of all IT systems, consisting of sets of instructions
 AI and machine learning. that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks. These programs are written in various
 Cybersecurity programming languages, each with their own syntax, structure, and features.
The role of database management software in information technology All IT personnel must be proficient in writing and understanding programs to create, maintain, and
Database management software plays a crucial role in the world of information technology. It troubleshoot systems that are critical to the success of businesses and organizations.
enables IT experts to store, manage, and access large volumes of data in an organized and efficient TECHNOLOGY SERVICES: FACILITATING SUCCESS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
manner.
It aimed at supporting and optimizing the use of technology within businesses and organizations.
These computer-based information systems provide tools for ensuring data integrity, security, and These services include IT consulting, managed services, technical support, software development,
accessibility, which are vital for the smooth operation of businesses and organizations. system integration and more.
WHY IT TOOLS MATTER Spreadsheets: e.g. MS Excel to analyze financials, calculations, create forecasting models, etc

IT Application tools are designed to help businesses increase productivity, streamline processes, Database software: e.g. Oracle/MS SQL Server/Access to manage data in many forms from basic
and make better decisions. lists (e.g. customer contacts to catalogs)

by using these tools, businesses can save time, reduce errors, and make better use of their Presentation software: e.g. MS PowerPoint to make presentations
resources. They can also gain valuable insights into their operations and make data-driven decisions
Desktop publishing: e.g. Adobe Indesign/Quark Express/MS Publisher to produce newsletters,
that lead to better outcomes.
magazines, and other complex documents
Another benefit of IT application tools is improved data management. By using tools such as
Graphics software: e.g. Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator to create and edit images such as logos,
customer relationship management software, businesses can better track customer interactions
drawings or pictures for use in DTP, websites or other publications.
and preferences, leading to more targeted marketing campaigns and increased customer
satisfaction. Additionally, tools like accounting software can help businesses keep track of finances TYPES OF IT APPLICATION TOOLS
and make informed financial decisions.
Project management software is a type of IT application tool that helps businesses manage their
CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING IT APPLICATION TOOLS projects from start to finish. It allows teams to collaborate, track progress, and stay on schedule.
One of the biggest challenges that businesses face when implementing IT application tools is the It allows teams to assign tasks, collaborate, and monitor progress in real time, ensuring that
cost. Many of these tools can be expensive, and businesses may need to invest in hardware, everyone is on the same page. One popular project management tool is Trello, which uses a visual
software, and training to use them effectively. board to organize tasks and track progress. Another widely used tool is Asana, which offers features
like task assignments, due dates, and team communication. Both of these tools can help businesses
Another challenge is resistance to change. Employees may be used to working with certain
streamline their project management processes and increase productivity.
processes and systems, and may not want to learn new tools or methods. This can lead to a lack of
adoption and poor utilization of the new tools. Customer relationship management software (CRM) is another popular IT application tool that
businesses use. It helps companies manage their interactions with customers, track sales leads, and
BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING IT APPLICATION TOOLS
improve customer satisfaction.
Involve employees in the process
are essential for businesses looking to improve customer satisfaction and track sales. These tools
This means not only providing training and support, but also soliciting feedback and ideas from allow companies to manage customer interactions and gain valuable insights into their customers’
those who will be using the tools on a daily basis. By involving employees in the decision-making needs and preferences. Popular CRM systems like Salesforce and HubSpot offer a range of features,
process, businesses can ensure that the tools they choose meet the needs of their workforce and including lead tracking, marketing automation, and customer service management. With these
are more likely to be adopted and used effectively tools, businesses can streamline their operations and provide better customer experiences.

Provide adequate training Accounting software is also an important IT application tool for businesses. It helps manage
financial transactions, generate financial statements, and keep track of expenses and revenues.
This includes not only initial training when the tools are first introduced, but also ongoing training
and support as needed. By investing in training and support, businesses can help employees feel an essential tool for modern businesses to manage their finances effectively. It allows businesses
more confident and competent in using the tools, which can lead to increased productivity and to track expenses, generate financial reports, and streamline their accounting processes. Popular
better results. accounting software like QuickBooks and Xero offer a range of features such as invoicing, payroll
management, and tax preparation, making it easier for businesses to stay on top of their financial
STANDARD OFFICE APPLICATIONS
obligations.
Word processing: e.g. MS Word to write letters, reports etc