DIN 4102*PT*1 8 1 .

2794446 □□ 13678 1 •

DIN 4102 Part 1 Page 3

4 Proof of building material classes purpose. The surface of the layer or layers worked on
in this way shall be positioned in the interior of the
4.1 With fire tests
specimen.
The building material class must be proved by a test
certificate or "Priifzeichen" (test symbol) 1) on the basis 5.1.2.2 P r e p a r a t i o n o f s p e c i m e n s
of fire tests according to this Standard. The specimens are to be dried at a temperature of 105 °C
Normally, these tests are carried out on building materials for six hours and then kept in a desiccator above anhy-
without edge protection; with edge protection the tests drous CaCL2 until required for the test.
are carried out only, if exposed edges due to later alter- The external sides of specimens composed of two or
ations are not likely to occur. more layers must in all cases comprise the least favour-
able surfaces in terms of fire behaviour (see Fig. 2).
4.2 Without fire tests Specimens composed of two or more layers are to be so
The building materials listed in DIN 4102 Part 4 are to tied together by a single binding of temperature-resistant
be allocated to the building material class indicated there wire (e.g. NiCr) 0.2 mm thick placed half-way up the
without any further proof. specimen as to ensure that the surfaces of the layers are
in firm contact with one another.
4.3 Alternative proof The specimens tied together in this way are to be placed
Additional test methods may be applied to building in a wire frame [weight (5 ± 0.5)g], which keeps the
materials the fire behaviour of which cannot be ade- specimen in the same position.
quately assessed by tests according to this Standard. Specimens which may disintegrate during the test and
Note: The classification of building materials according specimens of building materials which are tested loose
to building material classes on the basis of alternative must be tested in containers made of woven wire cloth
proof can only be effected by a "Priifzeichen"1) or a DIN 4189 -1 x 0.5 - X5CrNi 189.
"bauaufsichtliche Zulassung" (building code licence). Specimens of a material which may run out of the con-
tainer made of woven wire cloth during the test must be
tested in containers made of nickel sheet 0.2 mm thick.
5 Building materials of class A
5.1.2.3 Test procedure
5.1 Building materials of class A 1
The test is carried out in an electrically heated furnace4)
5.1.1 Concept and requirements according to Fig. 1, the heating element of which is
Building materials fulfil the requirements for classification arranged evenly on the outer jacket of the ceramic heat-
according to definition into class A 1 if they ing element carrier.
- pass the test in the furnace according to Section 5.1.2 To reduce temperature fluctuations in the furnace the
and supply voltage is to be held constant to within ± 0.5 %
- fulfil the requirements placed on building materials of by means of a voltage stabilizer.
class A 22). The furnace temperature is measured with a thermo-
The furnace test has been passed, if none of the five 3) couple (see Fig. 1) positioned in the horizontal centre
specimens stipulated in Section 5.1.2 line of the heating tube at a distance of (10 ± 0.5) mm
a) shows ignition (see Section 5.1.3), and from the wall.
b) gives off sufficient heat to cause the temperature in The thermocouple shall be made of wire 0.5 mm thick
the furnace to rise by more than 50 K above the initial and have an exposed junction. Alternatively a jacketed
value. thermocouple with corresponding response characteristic
may also be used.
5.1.2 Test The temperature recording instrument used must not
5.1.2.1 Number and dimensions have any error limit exceeding 5 K.
of specimens A pilot flame (propane gas according to DIN 51 622)
Five3) specimens measuring 40 mm x 40 mm x 50 mm with a height of (20 ± 1) mm is arranged directly above
( length x width x height) have to be tested (for tolerances the cover aperture and coaxially with the heating tube.
see Fig. 2). The specimens shall be so constituted that
they are as representative as possible of the fire behaviour
of the building material concerned. In the case of build-
ing materials which are thinner than 40 mm in the as- 1) See page 2.
delivered condition, the specimens are to be composed 2) A test can be dispensed with completely or partially
of individual layers. provided that these requirements can be judged to be
For building materials which are compressible, the fulfilled beyond any.doubt.
criterion is the thickness by loading at 0.1 kN/m2 per 3) The number of specimens relates to building materials
unit area. which are not subject to the "Priifzeichen" require-
If the specimen has to be composed of individual layers ment. For building materials subject to a "Priifzeichen"
then such layers are to be cut to a size of 40 mm x 50 mm the number of specimens is laid down in the "Priif-
(length x height). When the layers are placed together grundsiitze" for "nichtbrennbare" (class A) building
they must make up the 40 mm thickness (width) of the materials subject to a "Priifzeichen".
specimen; if necessary, one or two of the layers must 4) See workshop drawing deposited with the BAM Berlin
be thinned down to give the thickness necessary for this and obtainable there.

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 DIN 4102*PT*1 81 - 2794446 0013680 T •

DIN 4102 Part 1 Page 5

At the same time the flame height shall not give rise to g) Any observations made regarding burning droplets or
any objections. falling of burning particles of the specimen, including
The total duration of the ignition is the sum of the times the duration of continued burning on the screening
resulting from the observations according to Section 5.1.3. surface,
Times which overlap are taken into account once only. h) Any observations made regarding smoke evolution.
For the test according to Sections 5.2.2 and 5.2.3:
5.2.2 Determining the calorific potential i) Calorific potential Hu in kW · s/kg or quantity of
The calorific potential Hu is determined according to heat in kW• s/m2.
DIN 51 900 Part 2. During the test procedure For the test according to Section 5.2.1.6:
ISO 1716-1973 "Building materials - Determination k) For each specimen, time and duration of flame
of calorific potential" has to be observed. development,
5.2.3 Determining the quantity of heat released I) For each specimen, results of furnace temperature
under fire test conditions measurement,
At least two specimens of the thickness required for the m) Any other observations made during the test, such as
application concerned and measuring 500 mm x 500 mm e.g. enlargement or extinction of the pilot flame,
are to be investigated. appearance of the specimens after the test.
Prior to the test the specimens must be stored in stand-
ard atmosphere DIN 50 014 - 23/50-2 until adequate
constancy of weight is attained. 6 "Brennbare" building materials of class B
The test is carried out in a small scale test furnace accord- 6.1 Building materials of class B 1
ing to DIN 4102 Part 8 (at present still in draft form).
6.1.1 Definition and requirements
The specimens are attached in the lateral apertures of
the test furnace, so that one of the surfaces faces the fire Building materials fulfil the requirements for classification
room. If the specimens are asymmetrical in construction according to definition into building material class B 1,
each of the two surfaces must be exposed in turn to the if they
action of fire in separate tests. The point where the - pass the test in the "Brandschacht", and
specimen is attached to the test furnace must be carefully - fulfil the requirements placed on building materials
sealed. of class B 2.
The fire room must be heated in accordance with The "Brandschacht" test is deemed to be passed if in the
DIN 4102 Part 2, September 1977 edition, Section 6.2.4, tests according to Section 6.1 .2
for a period of 30 minutes. a) the mean value of the residual lengths (see Section
After this. a specimen with an area of approximately 6.1.2.4) of each test specimen is at least 15 cm and
100 cm2 and having the residual thickness of the sheet no specimen shows a residual length of 0,
is removed from the centre of the area and its weight b) in no test the mean flue gas temperature exceeds
per unit area and calorific potential Hu are determined 200°C, and
according to Section 5.2.2 of this Standard.
c) the other behaviour of the specimens, as indicated in
5.2.4 Test report Sections 6.1.3 f) and g) does not give rise to any
N o t e : Test reports in support of an application for objections.
a "Priifzeichen" are headed: "Test report in support of No t e : For the assessment of floor coverings for a/lo-
application for a 'Priifzeichen '". cation to building material class B 1, other test methods
The following must be stated in the test report: may be applied. These test methods are laid down in the
"Priifgrundsiitze" for "schwerentflammbare" (class B 1)
a) Description of the building material according to type
building materials subject'to a "Priifzeichen" as specified
(e.g. principal constituents). appearance and construc-
by the lnstitut fiir Bautechnik, Berlin.
tion, dimensions, bulk density or weight per unit area,
note regarding official or non-official sampling; 6.1.2 Test
bl Preparation and mounting of specimens, test proce- 6.1.2.1 N u m b e r 5) a n d d i m e n s i o n s o f
dure. number of tests. specimens and test specimens
For the tests according to Section 6.1.2: For making a test specimen (flue assembly) four speci-
c) Residual length of each specimen and mean value of mens in the original thickness (80 mm max.) measuring
the residual lengths of each test specimen in cm, 190 mm x 1000 mm per unit area are necessary.
d) Variation of the flue gas temperature with time for A"Brandschacht" test usually requires three test speci-
each test specimen (mean value of 5 measuring points), mens. For testing films, fabrics and coated fabrics, pairs
maximum of the mean flue gas temperature and time of test specimens consisting of specimens taken from the
of occurrence for each test specimen, longitudinal and transverse directions respectively are to
e) Maximum flame height (rounded to 10 cm) for each be used each time.
test specimen, time of its occurrence, duration and
description of any after-burning and after-smouldering,
fl Any special observations made, such as time and 5) The necessary number of specimens for the ageing
duration of flame development, nature of flame pro- test (including spare specimens) is laid down in the
pagation, flame development on rear of specimen if "Priifgrundsiitze" for "schwerentflammbare" (class B 1)
any, appearance of specimens after the fire test, building materials subject to a "Priifzeichen".

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Page 6 DIN 4102 Part 1

In the case of unsymmetrical specimen construction the 6.1.3 Test report

test specimens must be so prepared as to enable tests N o t e : Test reports in support of an application for
involving exposure of the front to flame as well as tests a "Prllfzeichen" are headed: "Test repor~ in support of
involving exposure of the rear to flame to be carried out. application for a 'Priifzeichen"~
6.1.2.2 Pr_etreatment of specimens The following must be stated in the test report:
Prior to carrying out the fire tests the specimens - includ- a) Description of the building material according tQ type
ing those treated with fire retardants - are stored in (e.g. principal constituents), appearance and construc-
standard atmosphere DIN 60 014 - 23/50-2 until adequate tion, dimensions, bulk density or weight per unit area,
constancy of weight is attained. Specimens intended for note regarding official or _non-official sampling;
the test of fire retardants must be subjected to this con- bl In the case of fire retardants, type, composition and
ditioning also prior to the application of the fire retardant. ·appearance of the protective agent applied, moreover,
Adequate constancy of weight is deemed to have been· as ascertained after pretreatment according to
attained when the difference between two weighings at Section 6.1.2.2 -
an interval of 48 hours is less than 0.1 % of the specimen - in the case of fire retardants for timber and timber
weight. materials including building materials in sheet form:
6.1.2.3 T e s t p r o c e d u r e wet absorption in g/m2
The test has to be carried out in the "Brandschacht" dry absorption in g/m2
according to Fig. 4 with a burner according to Fig. 5. - in the case of fire retardants for textiles:
The specimens are assembled In a holder to form a test dry absorption in g/kg of non-finished fabric
specimen according to Fig. 6.
c) Preparation and mounting of specimens, test proce-
If, in the as-used condition, building materials are
dure, number of tests;
arranged at a distance of not more than 40 mm from
plain building materials, or if the building materials are di Residual length of each specimen and mean value of
used in direct combination with other building materials, residual length of each specimen in cm;
then the test must be carried out in conformity with el Variation of flue gas temperature with time for each
such arrangement. specimen (mean value of 5 measuring points), maxi-
If, in the as-used condition, building materials are mum of mean flue· gas temperature and time of
arranged at greater distances from plain building mate- occurrence for'each specimen;
rials, then the specimens must be tested freely suspended, . f) Maximum flame height (rounded to 10 cm) for each
i.e. without combination with other products in the specimen, time of its occurrence, duration and de-
"Brandschacht". scription of any after-burning and after-smouldering;
Prior to ir:istalling the test specimen, the "Brandschacht" g) Any special observations made, such as time and
must be so heated that the shaft wall temperature is duration of ignition, nature of flame propagation
(40 ± 6) °Cat the start of the test: (if necessary, ignition on rear of specimen), appearance
During the test the "Brandschacht" is fed with a constant of specimens after the fire test, discolourations on
airflow of (10 ± 1) m3/min ata temperature of (23 ±2) °C. rear of specimen;
The specimens are exposed to flame from the burner for in addition, in the case of fire retardants for timber
10 minutes, The gas supplied to the burner is a mixture and timber materials: efflorescence, adherence and
of (35 ± Q,5) l/min methane (99.5 % pure in the standard wipe-resistance, corrosive effect on steel in the as-used
condition) and (17.5 ± 0.2) l/min air (in the standard condition, weight loss in % referred to weight of speci-
condition). The exposure to flame may be t_erminated mens immediately before the fire test and 2 minutes
prematurely if it is clear that the response of the speci- after completion of exposure to flame or end of any
mens to fire has ended. after-burning or after-smouldering;
If there is an after-smouldering of the specimens, they hi Any observations made regarding burning droplets
must be left in the "Brandschacht" after the end of or falling of burning particles of the specimen 6)
exposure to flame with the air supply maintained until including duration of continued burning on the screen-
ing surface; ·
the response to fire has clearly ended.
ii Any observations made regarding smoke evolution.
6.1.2.4 I) e t e r m ( n i n g
the residual length
6.2 Building materials of class B 2
The residual length is deemed to be that portion of the
6.2.1 Concept and requirements
specimen which has escaped burning and charring both
superficially and in the interior. Building materials fulfil the requirements for classification
according to definition into class B 2 if they pass the test
Discolourations, sooting ahd structural changes such as
according to Section 6.2.4.
warping, sintering, melting, goffering of the edge zone,
blistering and the like are not taken into consideration. The test is deemed to be passed if in no easer when
5 specimens are tested, either
When sp~cimens are provided with fire retardant materials
forming layers of foam, or in the case of foam-forming
fire retardant layers for timber· and timber materials,
changes induced in the fire protection agent by carbon- 6) To assess burning droplets or the falling of burning
i::i.:ing are left out of account. For establishing the residual particles of the specimen the basis adopted must be
· . length of protected building materials the protective the "Priifgrundsatze" for "schwerentflammbare" ,
layers are removed (e.g, by scaping off, washing off). (class B 1) buildin_g materialnubjectto a "P"riifzeichen",

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