Introduction to Crystal Structure and X-ray Diffraetion Midterm Exam 12/15/2020 1. Please explain (a) the mass absorption coetf at of a three-component hybrid; (b) mirror plane of ‘otoinversion; (¢) Auger electron; (4) Moseley's lav; (¢) three advantages of synchrotron light source. {each Spt] 2. (a) Find Mp(3"*[100]2[110],) of an a-quartz crystal with a set of’six fotations of 322 {1 ', 100} [110};, {0102} and the corresponding component of the vector. [Spt}(®) Explain a set of eight rotations of 422 fora tetragonal lattice. Spt] ‘What is the angle between P1 and D1? [Spt] (b) After a rotation of 90 degree for P1 along ms direction, what are the angles between D1 and P1? [Spt] (c) Now consider a lattice with jaa, |b and a=f=y=90", Please indicate the projection points of (010) and (110) planes and their values of the nth: tum on the Wulff net Below. [10 pt} v 4. (a) What is absorption edge? (b) What is the function of the X-ray filter? What is the material of the X-ray filter forthe Cr target? (e) Point out all possibilities for electron transitions of Ks X-ray, (d) Calla the wavelengths of Ka X-ray of Mo. [each Spt] ye eae Ne ve Table 1, Elewon binding ergs, lero ole forthe aman thei ral for Bes EW RS Gin bon es ie WR ees Se Be 1H ve" ms soos mer aa rs ke Be we BS ue ge he so we 87 Mr oy om 33a br ne 3H nae wr ws ae kee sar mr ors ae as | }=y=90°. Draw responding miller index 5. (a) Prove Brage’s law. [Spt] (b) Consider a crystal lattice with al=a, \ba, ji=a/3 and the two-dimensional diffraction pattem (including 9 diffraction points with th planes and the reciprocal axes of a* and 6*) when incident X-ray is alo [Ope] (c) With the same crystal, draw and point out (100), (001), (110), (OL1) and (111) planes o ‘o-dimensional diffraction patter of the c-axial fiber crystal viewing along ab plane. [10pt] (4) Why do the fiber patterns of polymer ‘materials usually show arc-shaped patterns? [Spt]Introduction to Crystal St fraction Final Exa ure and X-ray Di m 01/05/2021 1, Please explain or calculate (a) the multiplicity factor of {0k/}, (b) temperature factor on diffraction, (e) Thomson ‘equation for elastic scattering, (d) diffraction profiles of a crystal solid, amorphous solid, non-crystalline polymer and monoatomic gas, (e) how to estimate the strain (¢) and misorientation (a) by FWHM, and ({) how SAXS gives us the right information of nanostructures? [Spt each} 2. (a) Based on Figure 1, derive the polarization factor P with a monochromatic alignment. [Spt] (b) Based on Figure 2, Derive diffracted intensity of orientation factor per length. [Spt] (c) What conditions cause Kinematic theory invalid. (Spt) Figure 1” Figure 2 3. (a) Derive the spherical wave of elastic scattering by two electrons. (b) Draw the profile of atomic scattering factor varied with sin8. (e) What is the lattice structure factor (S)? Draw the profiles of S? varied with 2xs-a when lattice ‘number is 10 and 10000, respectively, where sis scattering vector and ais lattice vector. [Spt each} 4. (@) Calculate the structure factor F of an NaCl crystal. What is the diflracted intensity difference between (020) and (311) planes if fia= 8 and fer= 11. [10pt] (b) Consider a base-centered crystal lattice with al=a, [ba l\=a/3 and =B-y=90°, Draw the two-dimensional e-axial fiber difration patter viewing perpendicular to c* avis (including 9 diffraction points with the corresponding miller index planes). (10pt] 5. (a) Derive Scherrer's equation, [Spt] (b) Based onthe Figure below, why the intensity at 20; and 20 are zero. (Spt) 5. Derive the absorption factor Ip = a where a is the volume fraction of the material containing grains having the correct orientation for diffraction of the incident beam and b isthe fraction of the incident beam which is diffracted by one unit volume. [10pt]Introduction to Crystal Structure and X-ray Diffraction Final Exam 01/07/2020 1, [35pt] Please explain or calculate (a) the atomic seattering factor at @ = 0, (b) the multiplicity factor of (hk) (c) the polarization factor of X-ray using a monochromator, (@) the X-ray profile of a crystalline polymer and the calculation ofits crystallinity, (¢) in what condition thatthe diffraction intensity ofa perfect crystal is weaker than lable for a mosaic erystal? why? (g) Scherrer's equation [Spt an imperfect crystal, () is the Lorentz factor still ava each] separated by a distance r, [10pt] to 2, [15pt] (a) Derive the Thomson equation for elastic scattering|(Spt] (b) Derive the scattering wave by two electrons 3. [10pt] Calculate the structure factor F of a close-packed hexagonal erystal 4. [20pt (a) Derive the geometicl factor, 74 (159) (b) Plot Lorentz polarization factor varied with Brags angle. [Spt] 5. [10pt] Derive the absorption factor Ip = ©, where ais the volume fraction of the material containing grains having the correct orientation for diffraction of the incident beam and b is the fraction of the incident beam which is diffracted by one unit volume, 6. [10pt] Derive the Williamson—Hall equation and how to determine the strain and breadth.