105

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Imagine that you are a research psychologist. In your attempt to describe behavior, it is of utmost
importance that you
A) collect only those facts that are consistent with your expectations.
B) collect the facts as they exist.
C) use a broad level of analysis.
D) use a narrow level of analysis.

2) After having suffered a stroke, a man is unable to plan his daily activities and finds it difficult to
decide what to do for that day. You suspect that he has most likely suffered damage to his
A) association cortex.
B) visual cortex.
C) primary motor area.
D) primary somatosensory area.

3) Eve had forgotten that she had put on earrings until Adam said that he liked them. Eve's lack of
awareness was probably due to
A) a response bias.
B) false alarms.
C) the difference threshold.
D) sensory adaptation.

4) Which of the following terms does not belong with the others?
A) brightness
B) frequency
C) hue
D) saturation

5) With respect to psychological measurement, when data are consistent or dependable they are
referred to as ______, whereas the term _____ means that the information that is produced accurately
measures the variable or quality that it is intended to measure.
A) valid; reliable
B) reliable or valid; consistent
C) consistent; reliable
D) reliable; valid

6) When carrying out an experiment, the factor that the researcher manipulates is known as the _____
variable; the researcher measures the _____ variable.
A) independent; dependent
B) independent; independent
C) dependent; independent
D) dependent; dependent

7) The pitch of sound is determined by its _____ ; the loudness of sound is determined by its _____.
A) intensity; amplitude
B) loudness; pitch
C) amplitude; frequency
D) frequency; amplitude
8) The _____ shows where different types of activity are occurring in the brain and involves the use
of a safe radioactive substance that is given to participants.
A) MR1
B) fMRI
C) electroencephalogram
D) PET scan

9) A superhero in a comic book boasts that his senses are so well developed that he can see a candle
flame at night at a distance of 30 miles, hear the tick of a watch at 20 feet, detect by tasting the
presence of one teaspoon of sugar in 200 gallons of water, and smell whether one drop of perfume has
been sprayed in an area equivalent to a three-room apartment. The only claim that sounds
extraordinary is that he can
A) smell the perfume in an area the size of a three-room apartment.
B) hear the tick of a watch at a distance of 20 feet.
C) see the flame from a candle at a distance of 30 miles.
D) taste the presence of a teaspoon of sugar in 200 gallons of water.

10) When neither research participants nor research assistants are aware of which participants receive
which treatment, researchers have employed a
A) placebo control.
B) between-subjects design.
C) double-blind control technique.
D) single-blind control technique.

11) The first task in psychology is to make accurate observations about behavior. This means that
psychologists must first _____ behavior.
A) explain
B) control
C) predict
D) describe

12) When planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participants, fifty will have to be
randomly assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. The type
of experimental design you are using is known as a _____ design.
A) between-subjects
B) within-subjects
C) placebo control
D) single-subject

13) An "observer bias" is

A) an "educated guess" about what will happen.
B) an error due to personal motives and expectations.
C) the direct result of the context of justification.
D) the direct result of the context of discovery.

14) Broca's area in the brain is most closely associated with

A) language.
B) emotion.
C) memory.
D) physical movement.

15) Rods operate best in _____ ; cones operate best in _____ .

A) near darkness; near darkness
B) near darkness; bright light
C) bright light; near darkness
D) bright light; bright light

16) If a researcher defines variables or conditions in terms of the specific procedures used to
determine their presence, he or she is using a(n) _________ definition.
A) confounded
B) operational
C) biased
D) hypothetical

17) A patient has no difficulty understanding what you say to her, but finds it impossible to produce
words to convey her understanding. It is possible that either the motor cortex has been damaged or it
is not receiving messages from
A) Wernicke's area.
B) Broca's area.
C) the visual cortex.
D) the angular gyrus.

18) The _____ perspective looks for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain, the
nervous system, and the endocrine system.
A) biological
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

19) A researcher is testing whether caffeine makes people more talkative. Some of his study
participants are given regular coffee to drink and some are given warm milk. His assistant then
interviews the participants and counts the number of words each speaks during the interview. What
seems to be missing from the design?
A) an independent variable
B) a placebo control
C) a dependent variable
D) a hypothesis

20) Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of

A) the mental processes of individuals.
B) mental disorders and abnormal behavior.
C) the mind and consciousness.
D) the behavior of individuals and their mental processes.

21) You're reading an article about how recent research has shown that infants are much more
sophisticated than was previously thought. Although several different types of psychologists may
have written it, the author is most likely a _____ psychologist.
A) developmental
B) health
C) human factors
D) clinical

22) A man has trouble hearing and is being tested for a hearing aid. He is presented with tones of
various intensities and is asked to indicate whenever he detects a sound. The procedure is most similar
to that used by researchers who are studying
A) difference thresholds.
B) the just noticeable difference.
C) absolute thresholds.
D) response biases.

23) Imagine that you have agreed to participate in psychological research. Prior to the study, you will
be given information about what you can expect and other details of the research, and asked to sign a
form indicating your willingness to participate. This process is known as
A) informed consent.
B) intentional deception.
C) debriefing.
D) risk/gain assessment.

24) Imagine that you have been hired to assist in an experiment investigating the verbal abilities of
boys and girls. In preparing for the experiment, you read a research study that found higher verbal
abilities in girls than boys. If this information about gender leads you to somehow communicate to the
girls in the experiment that they should do better than the boys, we say that the _____ effect is
operating.
A) placebo
B) between-subjects
C) double-blind
D) expectancy

25) In a between-subjects design, participants in the _____ condition are NOT exposed to the
experimental treatment.
A) within-subjects
B) experimental
C) control
D) randomly-assigned

26) Psychological theories should

A) avoid making claims about causal forces.
B) generate new ideas and hypotheses.
C) be complex.
D) be simple.

27) When psychological researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely on
A) common sense.
B) subjective judgments.
C) intuition.
D) the scientific method.

28) Nature is to nurture as heredity is to

A) environment.
B) aggression.
C) natural selection.
D) evolution.

29) A classmate comes to you because he is concerned that his best friend is experiencing personal
problems. You should suggest to your classmate that his friend may benefit by talking to a _____
psychologist.
A) counseling
B) educational
C) cognitive
D) developmental

30) Higher-level cognitive processes, such as memories, values, beliefs, and attitudes have their
greatest influence in the _____ stage of the process of perception.
A) perceptual organization
B) identification and recognition
C) sensation
D) synthesis

31) A research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory learns the importance of
keeping complete records of observations and data analyses. Such procedures are followed in order to
A) increase subjectivity.
B) increase observer bias.
C) prevent other researchers from replicating a study.
D) increase objectivity.

32) In the brain, the _____ serves as a relay station between the endocrine system and the central
nervous system.
A) cerebral cortex
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) hippocampus

33) A researcher wants to be able to make precise claims about both the structure and the function of
the brain. It will be best if she uses _____ in order to accomplish both goals.
A) functional MRI
B) EEG tracings
C) electrical stimulation
D) a PET scan

34) A researcher is interested in the relationship between brain damage and the ability of humans to
plan their behavior. This research is an example of a(n) _____ design.
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) placebo control
D) within-subjects
104
26.The pitch of sound is determined by its _ ;the loundness of sound is determined by its _ .
(A)loundness;pitch
(B)intensity;amplitude
(C)frequency;amplitude
(D)amplitude;frequency

17.
PET.EEG.MRI.fMRI

4.A psychology theory should

(A)be complex
(B)be simple
(C) causal forces
(D)make new ideas and hypothesis

34.
?
A. B.increase observer bias C. D.

19.A researcher is testing whether caffeine makes people more talkative. Some of his study
participants are given regular coffee to drink and some are given warm milk. His assistant
then interviews the participants and counts the number of wordseach speaks during the
interview. What seems to be missing from the design?
A) a placebo control
B) a dependent variable
C) a hypothesis
D) an independent variable

6. One day while playing golf, you catch your opponent cheating, your subsequent belief that
your opponent also probably cheat on his income tax is most consistent with which of the
psychologist's goal of research? (A)prediction (B)explanation (C)contol (D)describtion

33. Eve Adam . Eve

?
A.
B.
C. False signal
D. Sensory adaptation
13.Definition of Psychology

21.If you participated a psychological experiment, they would inform you about the content
of the experiment, and let you sign a file. which concept is it about? A.Debriefing
B.intentional deception C.Risk/gain assessment D.Informed consent

20.The dominant approach in psychology today? Ans:cognitive

32.

Ans. Biological perspective

14.When drawing conclusions about behavior, psychologists A. what is known common

sense B.their everyday observation of people C.their own personal beliefs D. objectively
collected informaton

3.
(A)Bottom-up processes (B)Top-
down processes (C)data-driven (D) ----- (B) ch4

25. broca area Ans. language

10. hearing loss

A. 140 B.115 C.65 D.90

1.Before giving its approval, an institutional review panel is attempting to ascertain the
benefits of a study that will involve some degree of physical discomfort for the participants.
The issue before the committee relates most directly to?(A)debriefing participants after the
study(B)developing the guidelines for informed consent(C)deceiving participants
intentionally(D)making a risk/gain assessment of the study in question ------ ch2

27,Cerebrum and its surface layer,cerebral cortex control...... (Chap. 3)

15.Which of the following statements relays information from the eyes to cortical areas for
vision?
(A)thalamus
(B)reticular formation
(C)hippocampus
(D)cerebellum
5. ……
(A)
(B)
(C)Mental process
(D) Mental process behavior

2. see cloud in the deep blue sky ? (A)(B)

(C)the law of proximity (D) figure ground
14.Which of the followings shows where different types of activities are occuring in
the brain and involve a radioactive substance that is given to participants

A MRI. B fMRI. C EEG. D PET

30.

? A.Hypothesis B.Placebo effect C. Independent

variable D. Dependent variable
19.psychological theories should:
(A)avoid making claim about casual factors
(B)generate new idea and hypothesis
(C)be complex
(D)be simple
12.Broca's area ?
(( …
a.Language
b.emotion
c.memory
d.physical movement
#17
provide function & structure?
(A)PET
(B)fMRI
(C)EGG
(D)CAT
2. Higher-level cognitive processes, such as memories, values, beliefs, and attitudes
have their greatest influence in the____ stage of the process of perception.
(A) perceptual organization
(B) identification and recognition
(C) sensation
(D) synthesis
( )(B; Quizlet )
27.A researcher is interested in the relationship between brain damage and the ability
of humans planning their behavior, he might be using a__________ design.
A.experimental
B.correlational
C.placebo control
D.between-subject
3. Eve had forgotten that she had put on earrings until Adam said that he liked them.
Eves lack of awareness was probably due to ___ .
A)response bias
B)false alarms
C)different threshold
D)sensory adaptation
1.In a between-subject design, _______are not exposed to experimental treatment.
(A)within-subject
(B)???
(C)control
(D)randomly-assigned

32. 1broad analysis.

2narrow analysis. 3 4

5. ?
(A) hue
(B) frequency
(C) brightness
(D) saturation

7.

Broca's area
4.Imagine that you have been hired to assist in an experiment investigating the verbal
abilities of boys and girls. In preparing for the experiment, you read a research study
that found higher verbal abilities in girls than boys. If thins information about gender
leads you to somehow communicate to the girls in the experiments that they should do
better than the boys, we say that the ____ effect is operating.
A)placebo
B)between subjects
C)double blind
D)expectancy
14. pitch -- frequency; loudness -- amplitude
31.Imagine that you have agreed to participate in psychological research. Prior to the
study, you will be given information about what you can expect and other details of
the research and asked to sign a form indicating your willingness to participate. The
process is known as:
(A) informed consent
(B) intentional deception
(C) debriefing
(D) risk/gain assessment
9. A classmate comes to you because he is concerned that his best friend is
experiencing personal problems. You should suggest to your classmate that his friend
may benefit by talking to a ______ psychologist.
(A) counseling (B) educational (C) cognitive (D) developmental
22.The first task in psychology is to make accurate observation about behavior. This
means that psychologists must first (A)explain (B) control (C) predict (D) describe
behavior.
23.When planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participants, fifty
will be randomly assigned to the experimental condition, and the other fifty to the
control condition. The type of the experimental design you are using is known as
___________design. (A)between-subjects (B)within-subjects (C)placebo control
(D)single-subject
24.A man boast he has supernatural powers. He can see a candle flame at night 30
miles away. Hear the tick of a watch from 20 feet. He can detect a teaspoon of sugar
within 200 gallons of water. and smell a drop of perfume sprayed in an area equivalent
to a 3 room apartment. Which of the above is really considered supernatural?
A)see a candle flame at night 30 miles away
B)Hear the tick of a watch from 20 feet
C)detect a teaspoon of sugar within 200 gallons of water
D )smell a drop of perfume sprayed in an area equivalent to a 3 room apartment

6.After suffering a stroke, a man is unable to plan his daily activities and finds it
difficult to decide what to do for that day. You suspect that he has most likely suffer
damage to his?
A)association cortex
B)visual cortex
C)primary mato area
D)primary somato sensory area
28.

Ans. 20 feet away