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GMLCSni – 25A Current Sensor

NAL GMLCSni Current Sensors

Features

 Core based, open loop, non-intrusive current sensor

 Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based sensing
technology
 Single polarity supply operation
 Frequency range: 0 (DC) to 8 kHz (-3 dB)
 3 wire analog or digital output (I2C, SPI)
 Available in wide current sensing ranges: ± 1 to ± 150 A
 Over current up to 5 times of the nominal primary
current
 Wide operating temperature range
 Excellent linearity and accuracy over temperature range
 Low power consumption
 Alarm for threshold current detection
 Excellent voltage and thermal stability
 EMC/ESD robustness, high voltage, reverse polarity and
short circuit protection

Applications

 DC current monitoring
 Battery monitoring and chargers
 EVs and HEVs
 Solar grids
 Energy meters
 Consumer electronics

Description

The NAL GMLCSni current sensor module is an open loop current sensor designed using
NAL MRA 1427 – a GMR based magnetic sensing chip. A compact, core-based design
reduces the space and cost also lets the easy integration into systems. Current was sensed
by measuring the magnetic field concentrated in the gap of core. A non-intrusive method
of current sensing allows measurement of low current (1 A) to very high current (up to
150 A). A non-contact sensing method provides a galvanic isolation between primary &
output signal terminal. The Wheatstone bridge configuration of sensing elements

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GMLCSni – 25A Current Sensor

reduces the thermal effect. The sensor is suitable for highly accurate current DC and AC
measurements with bandwidth up to 8 kHz. NAL’s GMR sensing technology allows the
surge current 5 times higher than nominal current without damaging the sensor.

Absolut Maximum Ratings

No Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit
1 Supply voltage VDD -33 33 V
2 Potential at the OUT VOUT -33 33 V
3 Storage temperature TSTG -40 150 o
C
4 Over current1 (small duration) IPOC 2 x IN A
5 Max over current2 (short duration) IPOM 5 x IN A
6 Max continuous current IPM -25 25 A
7 Dielectric strength between primary & output Vd 2 kV
signal terminal
8 Insulation resistance @ 500VDC RI TBD MΩ

1. For < 10 sec at interval of 60 sec.

2. For < 1 msec

Operating Conditions
No Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
1 Supply Voltage1 VDD 4.5 5 5.5 V
2 Primary current sensing range2 IPN - 30 30 A
3 Nominal primary current3 IPR - 25 25 A
4 Operating temperature T - 40 105 oC

5 Output current sink/ source IOUT 5 mA

6 Load resistance (pull up / pull down) RL 2 kΩ
7 Load capacitance CL 100 nF

3. Typical supply range. The wide supply ranges from 2.7 V to 40 V can be implemented as per the
requirement.
4. Custom current ranges available from 1 A to 150 A as per requirement without affecting accuracy
and temperature specifications.
5. Linear output of the sensor with specified error components.

Electrical Characteristics (RL not present, CL = 10 nF)

Parameters Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
Current consumption IDD 5 6 7 mA
Output offset voltage 1@IP = 0A Voff 2.47 2.5 2.53 V
Output voltage high VOH 90 % Vsupp
Output voltage low VOL 10 % Vsupp

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GMLCSni – 25A Current Sensor

Sensitivity2 S 79.5 80 80.5 mV/A

Frequency f-3dB 8 kHz
Response time tr 50 µs
Latency3 td 100 µs
Response time tresponse 110 µs
Operation temperature TOP - 40 105 °C
Storage temperature TSTG - 40 150 °C
Mass m 30 50 g

1. Offset voltage changes in ratiometric to supply voltage.

2. Sensitivity does not change in ratiometric to supply voltage.
3. Latency, also known as a propagation delay is introduced by LPF in signal path and DSP computation
time.

Error parameters
Parameters Symbol Min Typ. Max Unit
Nonlinearity ϵLN ± 0.5 ±1 % F.S.
Output offset voltage error ϵoff ± 0.75 % F.S.
Sensitivity error ϵS ±1 % Sideal
Temperature dependence of sensitivity ST ± 0.7 %S
Temperature drift of offset Voff_T ± 0.8 % Voff
Hysteresis of offset voltage Vhys ± 10 mV
Ratiometric error of offset voltage ± 0.2 % F.S.
Ratiometric error of sensitivity TBM % F.S.
Noise VN 2 mVrms
Total error ϵt ±1 ±2 %
Block diagram

linear voltage regulator

calibration
PGA ADC controller D/A buffer

gain
offset Digital domain
Analog Front End Output interface

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GMLCSni – 25A Current Sensor

Connection Diagram

VDD
0.1 µF
GND
Current µC
sensor
CL
47nF

VOUT

Pin Configuration

Pin No. Pin Name Description

1 AL Alarm
2 SDA I C data
2

3 SCL I2C clock

4 OUT Output
5 GND Ground
6 VDD Power supply

Package Information

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GMLCSni – 25A Current Sensor

Performance characteristics
Example of typical performance characteristics:

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GMLCSni – 25A Current Sensor

Characteristic definitions
For all performance tests, the standard conditions are as follows:
Reference temperature (Tref) = 25°C
Supply voltage VDD = 5V

1. Full Scale (F. S. ) = VOH − VOL

2. Offset Voltage (Voff) = VOUT (IPN = 0)
VO (IN max )−VO (IN min )
3. Sensitivity (S) = (IN max − IN min )
VO (I )−S × I
4. Linearity (ϵ𝑁𝐿 ) = × 100
F.S.
S(T) − S(Tref )
5. Temperature dependance of sensitivity = S(Tref )
× 100
Voff (T) − Voff (Tref )
6. Temperature drift of offset = Voff (Tref )
× 100
V (5) × VDD
Voff (VDD ) − off
7. Ratiometric error of offset voltage = F.S.
5
× 100
S(VDD) VDD
( − )
S(5V) 5
8. Ratiometric error of sensitivity = VDD × 100
5

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Tel: +91 802 508 6000, Fax: +91 802 526 0862
Web: http://www.nal.res.in, Email: [email protected]
HAL Airport Road, Post Bag No. : 1779, Bangalore 560 017, INDIA