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Comparing Differences Estrella Delta Vs Part Winding

1) The document compares Wye-Delta and part-winding start connections for electric motors. 2) A part-winding start temporarily energizes half the winding at full line voltage to provide advanced warning to the power supply and minimize voltage drops when the full winding is energized. 3) Another part-winding start method energizes the full winding at half voltage initially, producing less heat and torque to reduce mechanical stress during starting.

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Theophilus Oduro-Nyarko
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137 views

Comparing Differences Estrella Delta Vs Part Winding

1) The document compares Wye-Delta and part-winding start connections for electric motors. 2) A part-winding start temporarily energizes half the winding at full line voltage to provide advanced warning to the power supply and minimize voltage drops when the full winding is energized. 3) Another part-winding start method energizes the full winding at half voltage initially, producing less heat and torque to reduce mechanical stress during starting.

Uploaded by

Theophilus Oduro-Nyarko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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www.easa.

com February 2001

Comparing Differences In Wye-Delta


And Part-Winding-Start Connections
By Chuck Yung torque is reduced there is
EASA Technical Support Specialist less mechanical strain on
the motor and driven
load components.
One of the most misunderstood winding This makes the Wye-
connections is the part-winding start. Many start, Delta-run a natural
customers (and some members) tend to blur the choice for a centrifuge,
differences between the part-winding-start (PWS) fan, or similar high-
connection and Wye-start, Delta-run connections. inertia load. For
Let’s review the Wye-Delta first before looking example, a centrifuge
more closely at the part-winding-start connection. may require an accelera-
The Wye-start, Delta-run connection is designed tion time of 10-20 minutes in the Wye configura-
to reduce starting current, heating of the windings tion.
and rotor, and starting torque. It does this by Contrast that to the PWS connection. Typi-
temporarily connecting the motor for a voltage cally, half the winding is energized, but with full
higher than line voltage. line voltage. Since the winding is divided into
A motor designed for a Delta connection at 460 parallel circuits, the energized portion of the
volts, reconnected Wye, would produce the same winding will draw the same current as it would
flux (and torque) at 796 volts: under across-the-line starting conditions. But
[ 460 x √ 3 = 796] since part of the winding is not energized, the line
does not see as much current as it would under
When starting in Wye and energized with line full-winding across-the-line conditions.
voltage — in our example, 460 volts — the motor Think of this as two parallel circuits. Each
current, torque, and I2R losses are all reduced. carries half the total current, so when only one
Available torque is proportional to the square of half is energized, the line current during starting
the applied voltage, so when we effectively apply is also half. Since torque is proportional to
58% of “rated” voltage, the motor produces one- current, the motor only produces half the normal
third as much torque: starting torque during this period. (This varies
460/795 = .58; .58 squared = .33 among PWS schemes, and is usually between
half and 80% of the full-winding current.) That
Extended Starting Times is the key to the PWS connection.
Because less heat is generated, the windings
can handle extended starting times, and because “Advanced Warning” For Power Supply
Used mostly in locations with a “soft” electri-
cal system bus, like an irrigation pump or a
municipal water pump station in a remote
location, it’s intended to give the power supply
1
7 advanced warning that the motor is about to need
more power.
Consider a basic system: a generator powering
several motors. When a motor starts, the voltage
regulator senses the increased demand and
3 2 recognizes the need to produce more power. The
9 8
regulator boosts the field excitation voltage,
increasing generator output.
One common PWS connection That is exactly what happens when the pump
divides the winding in half. motor starts. The start sequence alerts the power
company that the line needs more power. The

1
EASA CURRENTS www.easa.com

Comparing Connections . . . Continued

line responds fast — within several cycles — so from flickering, which keeps the neighbors and
when the remainder of the winding is energized, power company happy.
there is sufficient power to avoid voltage dips. Now, let’s consider another PWS method, one
We don’t want the neighbor’s TV to flicker, or that energizes the entire winding. By taking the
their computer to trip off. parallel circuits and temporarily connecting them
The part-winding start helps the power com- in series, the effect is similar to that of the Wye-
pany avoid those problems. Because the genera- start, Delta-run method. If the normally paral-
tor (or power company) responds so fast, the leled circuits are temporarily connected in series,
timer for a part-winding start should be set to less the winding is connected for twice line voltage.
than 3 seconds.
Half Voltage Relieves Stress
Guard Against Excessive Heating Since the winding is now starting at half voltage,
Remember, the part of the winding being less heat is generated in the windings, and that heat
energized for the start sequence is drawing its is distributed uniformly throughout the entire
normal share of current, so it is heating up winding. At half voltage, the motor produces one-
quickly. We need to protect that portion of the fourth of normal torque [1/2 squared = 1/4] so less
winding from excessive heating. This is a critical mechanical stress is placed on system components.
reason for keeping the part-winding time to a The result tends to be better acceleration,
minimum. reduced harmonics, and less heat generated in the
Because there are several PWS schemes in use, windings and rotor. All in all, it results in a gentler
start for the entire system. And as we all know,
reducing strain on windings and bracing is a good
thing to do.
T1
When Westinghouse used this starting method
many years ago, it was called an “extended Delta”
and sometimes required a double-cage rotor. General
Electric and Emerson Electric (formally U.S.
Electrical Mpotors) call it a “double-Delta,” and use it
T9 T4 on many of the water pump motors they build.
Like many of today’s modern manufacturers using
die-cast aluminum rotors, Emerson Electric uses a
T6 T7 double-cage bar design. That makes this starting
method a viable option for the service center.
The bottom line is that this PWS connection has
some unique advantages.
A potential drawback is that it produces about
one-fourth the torque, while the more conventional
T3 T8 T5 T2
PWS connection (where half the winding is
Double Delta PWS energized) produces roughly half (1/2 to 3/4)
torque during starting.
Because the PWS connection is used primarily
on pumps, which are a variable-torque load, the
lower torque during starting is rarely a concern.
we do get calls about a PWS motor that “won’t For the EASA service center, it’s valuable to be
accelerate to speed.” Sometimes, the motor won’t aware that there are several PWS methods in
even turn until the remainder of the winding is general use.
energized. That is OK. Unlike the Wye-start, And one last comment: some PWS methods are
Delta-run connection, the role of the PWS is not noisier than others. While most applications are
to accelerate the load, or provide reduced torque. not noise-sensitive, a PWS motor in a quiet office
Its main function is to minimize voltage drop. building means that care should be taken to
That keeps nearby lights and electrical equipment duplicate the original connection.

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