Writing reference

Contents
1 General tips far writing tasks
p.164
2 Useful linking words and phrases
2.1 Time sequencers
p.165
2.2 Listing points
p.165
2.3 Adding information
p.165
2.4 Giving examples
p.165
2.5 Expressi ng pu rpose
p.165
2.6 Expressing reason, cause and result
p.166
2.7 Expressing contrast
p.166
3 Model answers, with hints and useful language
3.1 Essay
p.167
3.2 Article
p.169
3.3 Report
p.170
3.4 Review
p.171
3.5 Informal email/letter
p.172
3.6 Email/Letter of application
p.174

Writing reference 163

 1 General tips for writing tasks
Here are sorne general tips on what to think about wh_en y~u're doin~ a writing
th
task. In the exam, the examiner will look at ali these ,ngs ,n your wntten work.

1.1 Content
You must do what the question asks. You should try to make your writing
interesting far the reader.
• Have you included something about ali the points mentioned in the question?
• Have you expanded points by giving reasons and examples?

1.2 Organisation and cohesion

You should organise your writing well. Start with an introduction, follow this with
two or three main body paragraphs that deal with separate points and finish with
a conclusion that summarises your ideas and/or gives your opinion .
• Have you included an introduction and conclusion?
• Have you divided your work into logical sections?
• Have you linked your ideas with a range of linking words/phrases?

1.3 Range
Try to use a range of different structures and vocabulary to suit the question.
• Have you included a range of grammar (e.g. different tenses)?
• Hhave yo u included a range of vocabulary (e.g. a range of adjectives verbs and som
p rasa 1 verbs)? , e

1.4 Appropriacy of register and format

Make sure that you use the approp · t t 1 .. f .
more formal when writing an essayr~r s y e. ,n ormal when writing to a friend or
• . . o someone you do not know
• :~ the style is -'~formal, have you used colloquial language and contr~ctions7
yo~ are wnt,ng a formal letter/email r b . . .
start1ng and finishing. ' emem er th,s requ1res a special way of

1.5 The target reader

Always think about how the reader .
• . w, 11 react.
W1 11 the reader be fully informed?
• Will he/she understand your points?
• Have you made things very clear?

164 Writing reference

 2 Useful linking words and phrases
2.1 Time sequencers
Examples include befare, after, !ater, eventual/y, final/y, as soon as, at first, at last,
when, while.
I phoned my friend. While / was waiting far her to arrive, / did sorne work. After I had
finished my essay, / phoned her again but she didn't answer.
For more notes on time phrases, see page 150.
Watch out!
Compare after, afterthat and afterwards:
We went to the beach after we p!ayed tennis. (We played ten nis first.)
We went to the beach. After thatl Afterwards, we played ten nis. (We went to
the beach first.)

2.2 Listing points

Examples include first, first/y, first of al!, to begin with, second!y, final/y.
I didn 't go to the party for severa/ reasons. Firstly, I was real/y tired and secondly,
because I didn't have enough money far a taxi there and back.

Watch out!
Don't use at first to introduce a list of points or instructions. We use at first when
we change our minds about someone or something.
At first I thought she was unfriendly but after I got to know her, we became real/y
good friends.
Don't use at !ast or in the end to introduce a final point or instruction. We use at
last and in the end when something finally happens after a long time.
/ /ooked far my car keys everywhere. At Jastlln the end I found them underneath
thesofa.

2.3 Adding information

Examples include as we/1 as, in addition to, not only . .. but a/so, and.
A s w e/1 as my Eng!ish homework, I had sorne maths to do befare Monday.
In addition to al! that, I had to write a letter of app/ication far a summerJob.

Watch out!
When we use not only, we swap the order of the (auxiliary) verb and the subject.
Not only did she have to do her homework, but she a/so had to revise for a
history test.

2.4 Giving examples

Examples include far example, far instance, such as, like.
/ /ike reality TV shows such as The X Factor.
My memory is getting very bad. Far instance, !ast night I complete/y forgot to phone
my friend.

2.5 Expressing purpose

Examples include to, in arder to , so as (not) to.
They went to the bank in arder to take out sorne money.
He took off his shoes so as not to wake up the baby.

Writing reference 165

1
2.6 Expressing reason, cause and result
Examples include because, because of, as a result, that's why, so .
They didn't go out because it was raining. (because + verb phrase)
They didn't go out because of the rain. (beca use of + noun phrase)
I didn't finish the work. As a result, / didn't get paid the fu/! amount.
I hada bad headache. That's why I !eft work early.
We didn't have enough money to go abroad, so we hada holiday at home instead.

2. 7 Expressing contrast
but
But links two contrasting ideas. lt is not normally used at the beginning of a
sentence . However, it can sometimes be used at the beginning of a sentence when
you are writing in an informal style.
Sorne people say that sportspeople are paid too much money but Ido not agree.
I was at home, watching TV. But then / remembered l'd forgotten to pick Jo up from
the station.
however
However usually comes at the beginning of a sentence to make a contrast with the
previous sentence. lt is usually followed by a comma .
I wanted to go to Paris for a holiday. However, / had no money atal! so I couldn't!
although, even though, though
Although, even though and though introduce a clause of contrast. lf the clause
comes first, it is followed by a comma.
Although it poured with rain al/ afternoon, we hada good day in the countryside.
We hada good day in the countryside even though it poured with rain al! afternoon.
whereas, while
Whereas and while are used to compare two things and show how they
are different.
I /ove p!aying tennis whereas my sister prefers basketball.
Whíle speaking English is important, you a/so need to practise the grammar.
in spite of, despite
In spite of and despite are followed by a noun or -ing form.
In spite of the co!d, we went for a long walk.
Despite feeling tired, we went for a long walk.
nevertheless
Nevertheless expresses contrast. lt usually introduces something unusual
or unexpected .
They didn't have much money. Neverth eless, they spent a fortune on
their honeymoon.
On the one hand, ... On the other hand, .. .
These phrases are introduce opposing points in a discussion.
On the one hand, I enjoy long Journeys because it's nice not to be rushing al! the
time: O~ the o_ther hand, sometimes I get frustrated because ¡ want to get to m
desttnat,on qwckly! Y

otherwise
Otherwise is used to show what w ill happen if something else doesn't happen first.
I must check my w ritten work far mistakes. Otherwise ¡ might get a bad grade.

66 Writing reference
 WRITING REFERENCE

3 Model answers, with hints and

useful language
3.1 Essay (Part 1)
For work on essays, see pages 14, 56 and 130.

TASK
In your English class you have been talking about holidays. Now your teacher has
asked you to write an essay.

Is it better to learn more abo ut yo ur own country rather

~.~~~.~.~~.!.~'..~.?.~9.~.?.. .. ............................................. '_l
Notes
Write about
1 w hich is more expensive f¡'
2 which is more educat ional •,

3 .... ...... ... .... .. ..... . (your own idea)

1

Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
Write 140-190 words.

USEFUL LANGUAGE
lntroducing different points Giving reasons and examples
and sequencing This is because ...
Firstly!Secondly! Final/y, . The reason far this is ...
First of ali, .. . I / would like to begin I saylmention this because
bysaying .. .
Far examp/e, .. .
Another advantage / disadvantage
Far instance, .. .
is ...
Places like !such as .
In conc/usion, I must say that.
Expressing contrast
Giving general opinions
Although I can understand .
Sorne people thinklsay that ...
However, ...
lt is thought!said that.
In contrast to this, ...
Most of us believe that .
While it is true that .
Giving your opinion On the other hand, .. .
Forme, ...
Personal/y speaking, . ..
/ thinklfeel!believe that
In my opinion l view ...
From my p oint of vie w, ...

Writing reference 167

 WRITING REFERENCE _, . . · · .··. ·
,..
·..

These model answers show two students' different opinions.

Model answer 1
Refer t o the
essay question - - - Whi.c-h ÍJ be.tter? 5-t:o..'1i.1t1B i.1t1 01,1r ow1t1 c.o1,11t1t~ or tro.ve.lli.1t1B o.brooJ 01t1
but try to holi.k,~f Altho\ABh I c.b.1t1 \A1t1de.rs-t:A1t1d wh.'1 some. pe.ople. thi.1t1k we. sho\Ald
rephrase it. fi_ltld 01,1t more. o.bo1,1t 01,1r ow1t1 c.o1A1t1tr,'1, / thi.1t1k i.t's be.tter to Bº o.broo.d.

/ 1re.o.lise. tho.t the.re. o.re. mo.~ i.1t1te.re.sti.1t1B o.1t1d be.o.1,1ti.,flAI plo.c.e-s I hu.ve.
Úsean 1t1ot Je.e.1t1 or be.e.1t1 to i.1t1 m.'1 c.o1,11t1tr.'1 , Tc,1,1riJtJ mo..'1 hu.ve. Je.e.1t1 more. Add det aíls
appropriate tho.1t1 1hu.ve.! A1t1d, of c.olAYJe., i.t ÍJ more. i.mport:o.1t1t to k1t1ow o.bo1,1t - -- - - t o support
semi-formal style. the. C.01A1t1t~ whe.re. .'1º\A li.ve. o.1t1d whe.re. .'1º\A we.re. bori-'\. lt is o.lso o. lot your points.
c.he.o.pe-r to hu.ve. o. holi.do..'1 i.1t1 ,'101AY ow1t1 c.o1,11t1t~ o.1t1d c.b.ltl Jome.ti.me.J
be. le.ss stre.*I tho.1t1 Bºi.1t1B o.broo.d.
LJse formé:l l
- - - owe.ve,r, i.1t1 m o i.1t1i.01t1, i.t ÍJ ve.~ Bººª for pe.ople. to tro.ve.l to
linking devices.
di.ffe.re,1t1t C.O\A1t1tri.e.J Af m\Ach Af possi. e.. (¡.._ o.ddi.ti.o1t1 to Je.Ú1t1B 1t1e.w
t.'1pe.s of Jce.1t1e.r.'1 o.1t1d spe.cto.c\Alo.r si.Bhts, .'1º\A c.b.1t1 me.e.t pe.ople. who
hu.ve. o. di.ffe.re,1t1t wo..'1 of li.fe.. The.re. is Jo m1,1ch more. to le.o.rn o.broo.d. Make you r
opinio n clear in
l1t1 todo.ls world, i.t iJ ve,r.'1 i.mport:o.1t1t for 1,1J to re,Jpe.ct pe.ople. from ·y our conclusicin ..
othe.r c1,1(t1,1re.s o.1t1d t fi.rmly be.li.e.ve. tho.t tro.ve.lli.1t1B to the.se. c.o1A1t1tri.e.s
ÍJ the. be.st wo..'1 of doi.1t1B thiJ.

Model answer 2
Expand on
the essay tve-r.'101t1e. 1t1~ o. bre.o.k b\At whi.le. mo.1t1.'1 pe.ople. _chooJe. to spe.1t1d
question in you r the.i.r holi.k.'1 ti.me. i.1t1 o.1t1othe.r C.O\A1t1tr,'1, otbe.rs pre.fe.r to SUA,'1 o.1t1d
int roduction . e.xplore. the.i.r ow1t1. 1 hu.ve. to o.dmi.t tho.t I be.lo1t1B-to th~ Je.c.o1t1d Bro1,1p,

Fi.rstfy, o. holi.do..'1 Q.broo.d c.b.1t1 be. ve,r.'1 e.xpe.l'\Si.ve., e.spe,e,i.Q.11.'1 for o. b½ · ·Give e~amples
fo.mi.~ . '101,1 1t1e.e.d to P()..'1 for Q.e,c.omn-,odo.ti.01t1 o.1t1d tro.vil; whi.ch c.b.ltl where
Give reasons for / -· appropriat e..
both c.ost (). BYe.Q.t de.().I. Thire. is ().!so holi.do..'1 i.i.'\Jwo.1t1ce. to c.ol'\Si.de.r;
you r opin ion .
whi.c-h I thi.1t1k is more. i.n-,port:o.1t1t w/..e,1t1 .'1º\A tro.ve,I o.broQ.d. (vi c.o1-:1trb\,!t
to thiJ, o. holi.d().,11 i.1t1,1101,1r; ow1t1 co1,11t1tr,11 ÍJ li.ke-1~ to be. m1,1c.h le.ss
e,xpe,l'\Si.ve. Q.1t1d stre.*I. ..

Se.c.o1t1d~, pe.ople. ofl:e,1t1 do 1t1ot re.o.lise. th().t the.re. o.re. lots of di.ffe-re.1t1t
be.o.1,1ti.f1,1I Q.1t1d i.1t1te.re.Jti.1t1B pl().c.e-J sti.11 to visi.t i.1t1 the.i.r ow1t1 c.o1A1t1tr,11.
Refer t o peop le's - - /'(lo.1t1,11 pe.ople. so.,11 tho.t th1?-,11 li.ke. to Bº Q.bYoQ.d to le.o.r1t1 Q.bo\A-é
o pinions. di.ffe.re.1t1t e,1,1(,f;1,1re,J b\A-é, i.1t1 fQ.ct, e.ve.1t1 i.1t1 o. JmQ.11 C.01A1t1t~ li.ke. 61t1BIQ.1t1,(
the. pe.ople. who li.ve. i.1t1 di.ffe.re.1t1t o.Ye.Af ho.ve. di.ffe.re.1t1t trt>Ji.ti.ol'\S, food
().1t1d e.ve.1t1 wo.,11s of spe.().ki.1t1B!

AltJ-.o\ABh I c.b.1t1 se.e. the. o.ttr().C,ti.ol'IJ of Bºi.~ ().broo.d, i.1t1 m,11 opi.1t1i.o1t1, the.re.
o.re. de.fi_ltli.te.l,11 more. be.v.e.fits to tro.ve.lli.~ Q.Yo\A~ ,1101,1r ow1t1 c.o1,1ltltr,11. - -~ ;.__- Balance yo ur
con clusi on .

Writ ina rPf PrPnrP

 3.2 Article (Part 2)
For work on articles, see pages 88 and 11 O.

TASK
You have seen this advertisement on an international student website.

What would your life be like without your phone?

We are looking for articles to post on our website.
Send us your article and you could win a new
phone of your choice!

Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Model answer
Start with an
interesting No phol'\e,? A l'\i.:,htmi>.re! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tt--
Try to think of
phrase/sentence an interesting
to encourage - Q"Lte. ho..,est6, I c.o...,'t Lm().:,L..,e. life. wLtho\.4-f: m~ Jm().rtpho..,e. lt's title to catch the
the reader ().lwo.~s WLth me. Whereve,r I :,o, Lt's LV'\ m~ poc.k.et /).lrld e.ve,.., ().t ..,0ht reader's eye.
to continue i.t 's b~ be.d LV'\ u>úe. l :,et (). l().te. c.o.11 or text.
read ing. M~ p().re,..,ts thL..,k l'm m().d/ (3"t the,.., the~ 're. from (). dLffere,..,t
:,e...,e,ro.tio..,, AII m~ fri.e,..,c{s re.6 tot().16 olrl thei.r phoMJ for o.11 sorts
Use an informal / of thLlrlBJ - ILke. kupLV'IB LV'\ to1Ac.h, mkLV'IB photos /).V'\d postLV'IB OV'IILV'\€,,
style. I ().lso '-'Se. Lt to b.,.~ thL..,BJ, c.huk where. the. be.st J().le.s o.re., check o\-4-f:
tr().Llrl ti.mes /).lrld so olrl. ft pi().~ (). b0 p().rt Llrl m~ life.!

Use a direct Wh().t wo"ld I do WLtho"t Lt? I Lm().:,é...,e. I wo.,.ld h().ve, to Jt().rt viJLti.lrl:,
. to
quest1on / people. Llrl order to keep Llrl to.,.e,h, Orl'd h().ve, to l.(fe. 1/).ptop to.Bº
invo
• 1ve th e olrl!Llrle. ().lrld e,m().LI frie,..,c{s, A..,d th().t wo.,.ld be. hMd be.c.o."se. Jomett.me,J
rea der. / ~01,1're. lrlot V'\e,{),Y (). c.omp\-4-f:er whe,.., ~0\.4 W().lrlt to do th().t, Use informal
I ().lso thi..,k th().t the. fee.lL..,B of be,i...,B º"t of to.,.c.h with people. wo"ld linkers.
be. q'-'Lte. fr0hte..,i":,I
Make your own , J\Appose. we,'ve. be.c.ome. too depe,..,de,..,t OV'I them. A life. witho\-4-f: m~ Try to finish with
opinion clear. mobi.le. phoM? No, th()...,k~o1,1/ an interesting
ending.

USEFUL LANGUAGE
lnvolving the reader Mentioning different points Giving your opinion
Have you ever considered . 7 For a start, . I strongly be/ieve that ..
Can you imagine ... ? To begin with, . I a/so think that
How many people would agree Firstly, ... I imagine .
with that 7 Another important point is . I suppose ..
Surely, everyone should be As we/1 as that, .. .
allowedto .

Writing reference 169

 3.3 Report (Part 2)
For work on reports, see pages 46 and 98.

TASK
a summer course ata language
Your school sent you and sorne other students to ta ke h
. d t O r'te a report on t e course
school 1n the UK. Your teacher has now aske you w 1 f ·i·t· d th,
. . d t·on schoo 1 ac1 11es an e
1nclud1ng your comments on the lessons, accommo a 1 ,
social programme.
Write your report in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Model answer
Give a title to Use
your report. subheadings.
- - - - - The. o.i.m of this re-port is to comme,v,t OVI the. coYrJe. o.t €dwo.r<k Th is makes
----- Lo.v,By"-Be. Se-hool Í.v, the. t,1 K this JYmme.r. it easier for
the reader to
State the The. GOlArJe.
find the maín
purpose/aim of The. te-o.e-/..i.v,B wAf e->re-e-lle-v,t. The. proBro.mme. wAf we-11 orBo.v,ise,d o.v,d
informatíon.
the report and wve-re-d mo.~ i.mporto.v,t Afpe,e,ts of the. €v,B(ish (0,v,BY"-Be,· Wi.th ov,(~
try to rephrase si.>t pe-ople. i.v, e-o.e-h BroYp, we. ho.d p(e,v,t~ of opport1AV1i.ti.e-s to pro.e-ti.se-.
the wording of
Ae,wmmodo.ti.ov, Give concrete,
the task.
,411 the. ho.rt fo.mi.li.e-s we.re. ki.v,d o.v,d the. rooms we. ho.d we.re. factual
wmforto.ble-. The. fo.mi.li.e-s we-re. dos e. to the. Je-hool, Jo we. coYld wo.lk informatíon,
the-re. e-ve.r~ do.~. referrí ng to
numbers and
5e-hool :fr,.e-i.li.ti.e-s amounts where
The. Je-hool is qYi.te. Jmo.11 - ov,~ Je,ve,v, dAfJ'roomJ - bYt i.t hAf Bººd appropríate.
fo.e-i.li.ti.e-s. The-re. is o. B"'me,J room o.v,d t:A smo.ll li.bro.r~. /t o.lro hAf o. Bººd
wfe-te-ri.o., wi.th re,Afov,o.ble. pri.e-e-s.

Soe-i.o.l [email protected].
The. se-hool orBo.v,ise,d mo.v,~ i.v,te.re-sti.v,B e-ve,v,i,.,..B "'"'d we-e-ke-"'d e-ve-htJ
for YJ "'"'d º"'e. So.tYrdt:A~ we. we,ht º"' o. do.~ tri.p to Lohdoh.

Fin ish w ith a ___.- CohdYJÍ.Oh Use formal

conclus ion anda To JYm Yf>, 1 mY.ft so.~ tht:At i.t wAf o. ve.r~ JYe,e,e,Jsfy( Sto.~ whi.e-h WAf language.
recommendation. e,hjo~e-d b~ e-ve-r~oM. OYr t-"'B(iJh hAf i.mprove-d wV\,fide-rt:Ab~ "'"'d
/ woYld thoroYBh(~ re-comme-hd thiJ e,oyrJe. to fYtYre. .rtYde-htJ,

USEFUL LANGUAGE
Stating the aim of the report Making conclusions and
The aimlpurpose of this report is to ... recommendations
This report is intended to ... To sum up, .. .
lt was felt that ...
In conc/usion, I would like to say that .. .
To conc/ude, it must be said that .. .
General/y speaking, ...
1would (thoro ughly) recommend ...
lt seems that .. .
 3.4 Review (Part 2)
For work on reviews, see pages 34 and 120.

TASK
You recently saw this advertisement on a co ll ege website .
.,

Reviews wanted
Have you seen any good TV documentaries
recently? We are look.ing for reviews of
recent documentaries to put on our website.
Send us your review! If it's posted on our
website, you will receive a DVD of Best
Documentarles of the Twenty -first Century.

Write your review in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Model answer
In the introduction,
state the name / LN'f: wuk I So.w lt,e, Queei,,, ofthe Oce<:1i,,, the.111e,w doCMme,111to.r~
of the film/book/ o.bol-<t the. Ti.w.v,ic,. the. bLB@e-st ShLp Lit\ the. wor(d tho.t so.111k 0111 he-r fi.rst
programme/etc. vo~o.Be. Lit\ 1912. /t wo,r e-xc.e-Ue-111t.

The-re. ho.ve. be.e-111 mo.~ fi.ll'Yú 0.111d books o.bo.,.t thiJ fo.mo'-<S ShLp ove-r
Give sorne the. lo,rt 100 ~e,o.rs, b.,.t thÍJ doCMme-111to.r~ looke-d o.t the. stor~ p-om
information about o. dt'.ffe-re-111t poi.111t of vi.e-w. Whe-re-o.s most of the. stort'.e-s we. he-o.ro.re.
the subject of o.bol-<t the. po..rse-111Be-rs, thiJ doc.'-<me-11\to.r~ wo,r o.U o.bo.,.t the. pe-ople. who
the film/book/ b.,.t'.(t the. ShLp 0.111d those. who we-re. worki.111@ 0111 boo.rd whe,111 _ .....,.._ Lin k your ideas.
programme/etc.
1fo.,.111d the. doc.'-<me-111to.~ fo.sc.i.1110.tL1t1@, Not 0111(~ wo,r Lt viJ.,.o.U~
t'."'te-re-stL111B - Lt L111d.,.Je-J. lots of e-o.ri.i1 photoBro.pN of the. b.,.i./Je-rs, Explain why you
Use a range of c.re,w 0.111d the. ShLp OJ She. wo,r be-i.111@ b.,.L(t - bl-<t Lt wo,r o.lro e-xtre-me,( enjoyed/didn't
vocabula ry to interest _ _ L'l\formo.tt'.ve.. l le.o.r111t o. lot of fo.c.ts tho.t I ho.d111't k111ow111 be-fore.. Some. enjoy it.
the reader. of the.m we.re. ver~ so.d. For e-xo.mple-, the. 111'-<l'Ylbe-r of pe-ople. who di.e-d
while. the.~ we-re. b.,.i.lJL1119 Ti.w.111ic... -----------.l_ Give exam ples
Conclude with where
tf~º"' mi.sse-d i.t lo.rt we-e-k, it's 0111 °'B°'i.111 111e-xt Th.,.rsdo.~. lt's de-fi.111Lte-~
an opinion/ appropriate.
/ worth se.e.i.111B - do111't mw Ltl
recommendati on.

USEFUL LANGUAGE
lntroduction Giving your opinion Recommending
Last week I saw .. /t was excellent. Those people who liked
¡ found it fascinating . will love ...
. . . is an excellent film.
¡ particular/y /iked ... I cannot recommend this
The book /'m going to review is ·
film enough.
/t 's very dramatic.
Giving information This is a must far ..
This documentary was ali about · · · I would recommend anyone to ...
The story is based on ... lt's definitely worth seeingl
The film is set in ... reading.
The main character is •· ·
lt follows the life of . ·

Writing reference 171

 3.5 Informal email/letter (Part 2)
For work on informal emails/letters, see pages 24 and 78 .

TASK 1
You have received an email from your English-speaking friend Jon~s, who is co~ ing
to stay with you next weekend . Read this part of the email and write your email
to Jonas.

I'm really looking forward to the weekend. It will be good

to get away from all this revision I'm doing! Maybe we can
go fo r a walk in the forest? By the way, how do I get to your
house from the station? Also, any suggestions for where
I can take you all out for a meal over the weekend?
See you soon,
Jonas

Write your email in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

TASK2
You are on hol iday. Befare leaving home, you received a letter from your Scottish
friend , Molly. Read this part of the letter and then write your letter to Molly.

5o, ~ou're. off to 5pg..Ív,. L.,,e-k~ ~ou! /)ov,'t for9e.t to write. to tv1e. g..v,J te.ti
tv1e. g..(I g..bout whg..t ~ou're. doív,9 g..v,J if ~ou tv1e.e,t />.VI~ Ív,i:e,re,Jtív,9 pe.ople.!
Love,,
(Y)oll¿¿

Write your letter in 140-190 words in an appropriate style .

USEFUL LANGUAGE
Opening and closing t he Referring to previous Ending the email/letter
email/letter communication
!'// text you when ...
Hi ... , Thanks (so much) far your letter
!'// see you at ...
Dear .. . lt was !ove/y to hear from you.
l'm (real/y) looking forward to
Best wishes, Great to hear from you. seeing you.
Love/Lots of /ove, lt was !ove/y to get your email. See you soon.
Al! the best, Making suggestions Hope to hear from you soon.
Bye for now, We canlcould ... Do write back soon.
Beginning the email/letter /t would be !ove /y to . Write soon.
As promised /'m writing ... Howabout ... ? Let's meet up soon.
Don 't be surprised - I know Why don 't we .. . ? Give my lovelbest wishes to
! ha ven 't written for a whi/e! your sister.
Sorry it's taken me so long to
write back.

172 Writing refe rence

 Model answer 1

Use an informal
greeting .
Great to hearfrom you. 1can't wait far next weekend either! Use appropriate
language for
Referto the When you get to the station, it's better to get a bus as we the purpose
, email/letteryou live quite a long way from it. Outside the station, tur-::n:..:le:.:.:f=-
t -111. - of your email/
have received and there's a bus stop justa long the road. Get the number letter (e.g. to
from your friend 55 and get a ticket to Harper's Grave. Text me when you're give instructions,
orto any shared on the bus and 1'11 meet you at the stop . · to make
information . suggestions).
lt Will be lovely to go out far a meal. We could go to the
new ltalian restaurant in Harper's Bridge - it's had a lot of
·order your good reviews . 1'11 book a table.
email/letter
On Sunday we've arranged to go out far the day to the
logically, with
beach. We can have a picnic and do sorne swimming. Then Think of an
separate we can visit Arundel Castle on the way back. We thought
·paragraphs far interesting
you might like that. We'II still get our exercise! way to fin ish
different points
ortopics. Good luck with the history test. Don't worry, you'II be fine. (e.g. refer to
You're so good at history! something in
your friend 's
.use an Have a good journey on Friday and 1'11 see you at the bus ema il orto the
stop!
. appropriate next t ime you'II
informal phrase AII the best, see your friend) .
·to end your Katy .;..

ema il / letter.
-J;, , .. •

Model answer 2

, ', -_.... -.,.. HiMol~,

. Say why yo u '_rf ,: ·- Ar pro,..,,iJe.d, ,,,..,, writi"'B to .'1º"' fro,..,, S'-'"'~ 5pu..i"'! At the. l'l"IOMe.v.t
Use a direct
wri_tihg. ..,. ,, • •· ,;;·_t, /',..,, sitti"'B º"' u.. hu...üf...t he-u..c.h, Be-tti"'B o. Bººd to."'°'"'" f',..,,j,..st question to
· · · · " ' u..bo...t to hu..ve. o. swi,..,, to coof off'! A"" f ""°'ki"'B .'1<í'-' je-u..lo1A,J? - - - - - 1S--
involve the
The. jo,..Y'roe,.'1 he,re. WAf te-rri/,le,. Thue. .wue. de-lu...'1s °'"'d·the,"' we. reader.
hu..d to wu..it °'Be,s for º"'r l"'BB~e,. (3,..t i.t WAf worth it! The. hote-1 ÍJ
pufe-c.t. lt's r~ht º"' the. huc.h, the. root>\f Me. spu..dolA,J °'"'d we,'ve. u..11
. . , ,.. , Bot o. hu..lco"'.'1 ovulooki"'B the. love,~ BMde,v-J,
Méntion ali the Expand o n
points you are ../" So fu..r we,'ve. spe.v,t Most of the. ti.Me. º"' the. huc.h, j'-'st c.hilli"'B o...t,
.~ l,e,e,u..,..se. the. wuthu's bu"' vu.'1 Bººd. 13...t toMorrow we,'re. Bºi."'B º"' point s to interest
asked to wríte the r.eader.
about.
°'"' e,xc.... rsio"' u..lo"'B the. c.oAft to Je,e. SoMe. little. vill°'Be-S °'"'d hu..ve. o.
mul ¿"' u.. re-stu..... ro.1t1t thcú: suve-s loc.u..l spuiu..liti.e-s.
The. pe.ople. u..t º"'r hote-1 u..re. fro,..,, lots of di.lfe,re,1t1t co1A1t1frie-s o.1t1d
\
('ve. me,t u.. re-u..11.'1 1t1Í.c.e. Birl fro,..,, Fro.1t1u. 5he-'s he-re. wlth he,r pu..re-"'ts.
tt's Bººd to pro.e.ti.re. hoth "".'1 Fr~c.h o.1t1d "".'15pu..1t1ishl
Use informal - - ,A1t1.i1wu...i1, /'ti te,,rl; .'1º"' wh~ (',..,, hu..c.k o.1t1d we. C-11\11'1 Mut "'P·
language. Love,,
Be-ss

Writing reference 173

 -

WRITING REFERENCE . . ...

' .

3.6 Email/Letter of application (Part 2)

For work on emails/letters of application, see page 66.

TASK
You have seen this advertisement on a website.

Are you a good swimmer? Do you enjoy working with children?

Then this rnight be just the job for you! We are looking for reliable young people with
sorne spare time, who would like to work as lifeguards to eam sorne extra rnoney.
Apply in writing to Mr Nick Turnei; explaining why you consider yourself suitable
and giving details ofyour availability.

Write your letter in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.

Model answer
Use a formal
- - De..o.Y' mi" /L<Y'Vle..r. Mention ali th e
greeting .
point s you are
f o.m UJY'LtLV\B to o.ppl¿j to be..c.ome. o. ILf~'-'o.Y'd o.t the. fc,lle..Y'tov, Le..iJuY'e. asked to wri te
Say what you Ce..V1tY'e,. f so.w .!1º'-'Y' o.dve..rl:ise..me,v,t ov, oc,Y' c.oll~e. we..bJLte. o.v,d be..li.e..ve. about.
are applying for / tho.t I woc,ld be. o. S'-'Lto.ble. o.pplí.co.v,t.
and where you
f o.m o. V\Lne..te..e..Vl-¿Je..M-old fre..v,c.h sfode..v,t o.Vid ( ho.ve. be..e,v, st'-'~LV\B
saw the advert. CVl@l~h Í.v, OoY'ho.mptov, foY' SÍ.X mov,t/..s. f o.m C.'-'Y'Y'e,v,tl¿¿ workLVIB LVI
o. fo.st-food re,Jto.c,ro.v,t o.t the. we,e,ke,v,e{r but ( woc,ld li.ke. to be..c.ome.
Say why you are / o. ILf~c,o.rd O.S f e,v,jo¿J swi.mmLVI@ o.v,d f ho.ve. ho.d e..xpe..ri.e..v,c.e. o.s o.
su ita ble. ILf~'-'o.Y'd LVI m.!1 owv, c.oc,v,fr¿J, f c,Je,d to work o.t m.!1 loe.o.! JUJLmmLVIB
pool o.t the. we,e,ke,v,e{r o.v,d LVI the. holi.do.¿JS, ( o.m re..li.o.ble. o.v,d f¡.t, o.v,d
f ho.ve. se..ve..ro.l lLf~c,o.rdi.v,B c.e..rti.fi.c.o.te..s.

ff .!1º"' o.c.c.e..pt m.!1 o.ppli.co.tLoV\, f Sho.11 @Lve. "'P "".!1 we,e,ke,v,djob o.v,d
thLS wLII me,o.v, f e.o.VI be. o.vo-.i.lo.ble. o.~e..r Sc.hool e..ve..r.!1 do..!1 o.v,d o.U do..!1
So.t.,,rdo..!1 o.Vid 5.,,v,do..!J, Use an
Refer to co ntact
det ails . f woc,ld be. Bro.te..fi,I i.f.!1º"' c.oc,(d le..t me. kv,ow ¿JO'-'Y' ro.te..s of po.¿J, appropriate
t-foc, e.o.VI c.ov,to.c.t me. OV\ 0708963452 O.Vid o.t [email protected]. ph rase to end
your email/
( look forwo.rd to he..MÍ.VIB -from .!1º"' Joov,,
lett er.
t-foc,Y'J JLVlc.e..reA¿J,
Je,o.v, Le..mo.i.tre..

USEFUL LANGUAGE
Opening and closing the Talking about qualifications/
Ending the email/letter
email/letter experience/suitability
Thank you far considering
Dear Sir! Madam ! Mr. Watson, I have lived and studied in .. .
my application.
Yours, I have a lot of experience in .. .
I hope/ Hoping to hear from
Yours sincerelylfaithfully, I ha ve always wanted to .. . you soon.
Kind regards, I can speak three languages. l look forward to hearing from you.
I have done similar work befare. I enclose/ attach my CV.
Giving the reason for writing
! believe I aman ideal app/icant for Please find my CV attached.
/ am writing to apply for .. this type of w ork.
! would /ike to apply for .. . I wou/d be gratefu / if yo u could
send me ...

174 Writ ing referen ce