Compound sentence to Complex sentence

A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃ থক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে
এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যু ক্ত থাকে ।
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least
one dependent clause.
পক্ষান্তরে Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি dependent clause থাকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
The rules for transforming compound sentence to complex sentence are discussed below.
Compound sentence কে complex sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।

Rule 1:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the
complex sentence will use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be
removed.
Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction দিয়ে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করলে, Complex sentence
এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” বসে “but”/”yet” উঠে যাবে ।
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

Rule 2:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and
future tense is used in the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and
“should” after the person.
যদি Compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করা হয় এবং
দ্বিতীয় clause এ future tense হয়, তবে complex sentence এর মাঝে “lest” হবে এবং person এর পরে “should”
বসবে ।
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.

Rule 3:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex
sentence will use “As soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.
যদি compound sentence “and” conjunction দিয়ে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করে, তবে complex sentence
এর শুরুতে “As soon as” বসে মাঝ থেকে “and” উঠে যাবে ।
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.

Rule 4:
If the compound sentence uses “and”/”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses,
the complex sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/”so”/ ”hence”/
”therefore” from the middle.
যদি compound sentence “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” দিয়ে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করে, তবে
complex sentence এর শুরুতে “since”/”as”/”when” বসে “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” উঠে যাবে ।
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Rule 5:
If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the
complex sentence will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after
it.
যদি compound sentence এ “and” ব্যবহৃত হয় একই ব্যক্তি সম্পর্কে দুটো ভিন্ন clause যু ক্ত করতে, তবে complex
sentence “and” এর স্থানে relative pronoun “who” ব্যবহার করে এর পরের pronoun উঠিয়ে দেবে ।
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.

Rule 6:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form
of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having
first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate
clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও
এর পরে first or third person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.

Rule 7:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between
two clauses+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after
it and it is in affirmative form.
Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর
মাঝে “and” + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person ব্যবহার
করে affirmative form এ থাকে ।
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Rule 8:
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the
complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative
meaning.
Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে, verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main
clause, complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9:
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex
sentence starts with “if” having second person after it and it's in affirmative form.
Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে, verb এর affirmative form + and + main clause,
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person ব্যবহার করে affirmative form এ থাকে ।
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.

Rule 10:
If the compound sentence has this form, “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the
complex sentence will use “so…that” form.
যদি compound sentence “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ থাকে, তবে
complex sentence “so…that” form ব্যবহার করবে ।
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.

Rule 11:
If the compound sentence uses”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence
starts with “Unless” following second person (you).
যদি compound sentence দুই clause এর মাঝে”or” ব্যবহার করে উপদেশ দেয়া বোঝায়, তবে Complex sentence এর
শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকে ।
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.

Complex sentence to Compound sentence

A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent
clause.
একটি Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি dependent clause থাকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses
which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
পক্ষান্তরে একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃ থক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত
হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যু ক্ত থাকে ।
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
The rules for transforming complex sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.
Complex sentence কে compound sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।
Rule 1:
If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will
use the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” থাকলে, compound sentence “but”/”yet”
conjunction দিয়ে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করে ।
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.

Rule 2:
If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound
sentence will use the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future
tense will be used in the second clause.
Complex sentence এর মাঝে যদি “lest” থাকে এবং person এর পরে “should” থাকে তবে compound sentence এ
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এ future tense
হয় ।
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.

Rule 3:
If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “and” to join the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As soon as” থাকলে, compound sentence “and” conjunction দিয়ে পৃ থক
clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করে ।
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Rule 4:
If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will
use “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “since”/”as”/”when” থাকলে, compound sentence
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” দিয়ে পৃ থক clause গুলোকে যু ক্ত করে ।
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.

Rule 5:
If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in
that place and object of the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.
Complex sentence এ relative pronoun “who” থাকলে, compound sentence সে স্থানে “and” ব্যবহার করে এবং
প্রথম clause এর object দ্বিতীয় clause এর subject হয়ে যায় ।
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.

Rule 6:
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative
meaning while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of
pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি negative অর্থ প্রকাশ
করে তবে compound করার সময় এই structure follow করা হয় “Let+ pronoun এর object form +
subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause” ।
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.

Rule 7:
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative
form while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of
pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি affirmative form এ
থাকে তবে compound করার সময় এই structure follow করা হয়, “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই
clauses এর মাঝে “and” + main clause” ।
Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.
Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Rule 8:
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a
negative meaning, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form
of verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person থাকলে এবং তা যদি negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে
compound করার সময় “If you do not” উঠে গিয়ে verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause
হয় ।
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9:
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in
affirmative form, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form
of verb+ and + main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person থাকলে এবং তা যদি affirmative form এ থাকে
তবে compound করার সময় “If you do not” উঠে গিয়ে verb এর affirmative form + and + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.

Rule 10:
If the complex sentence has “so…that” form, the compound sentence will follow this rule, “very
“in place of “so”;”and” in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.
Complex sentence যদি “so…that” form এ থাকে তবে compound sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে, “so” এর
স্থানে “very “; “that” এর স্থানে ”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause ।
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.

Rule 11:
If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person (you), the compound
sentence will follow this structure, “Unless and you will be omitted +”or” between two clauses+
main clause.”
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে , compound sentence এই
structure follow করবে, “Unless ও you উঠে যাবে + দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” + main clause ।
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.