Scribd
Upload
10 views

SCIENCE 9 BIODIVERSITY - Mariyah

1) Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and the interdependence of all living things. It includes diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems. 2) Habitats describe the physical location where a species lives, such as Arctic Canada for polar bears. 3) Species become threatened when populations begin declining rapidly and endangered when only a few remain, increasing risk of extinction.

Uploaded by

Martina Caleigh Paras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

SCIENCE 9 BIODIVERSITY - Mariyah

1) Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and the interdependence of all living things. It includes diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems. 2) Habitats describe the physical location where a species lives, such as Arctic Canada for polar bears. 3) Species become threatened when populations begin declining rapidly and endangered when only a few remain, increasing risk of extinction.

Uploaded by

Martina Caleigh Paras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

SCIENCE 9 plants, that interact with each

Biodiversity & Evolution other and with their physical


environment.”
BIODIVERSITY ➔ Within an ecosystem, there can
➔ What does “DIVERSITY” be many habitats.
mean?
Diversity = Variety HABITATS
➔ Biodiversity is the variety of life ➔ Physical and chemical
on Earth and the essential description of where a creature
interdependence of all living lives.
things ➔ Habitats might describe
➔ Scientists have identified more 1. ) The name of the place where
than 1.4 million species. Tens of the creature lives
millions – remain unknown. → Arctic Canada is the habitat of
the polar bear Ursa maritima.
3 COMPONENTS OF
BIODIVERSITY 2.) The type of place where the
1. Diversity of Genes creature lives
→ Chihuahuas, beagles and → Pike (Esox lucius) are found in
rottweilers are all the same freshwater lakes and ponds.
species– but they are not the same
because there is variety in their THREATENED SPECIES
genes ➔ When the population of a species
2. Diversity of Number of Species begins declining rapidly.
→ For example, monkeys, ➔ Ex:
dragonflies and meadow beauties > Philippine flying lemur
are all different species > Philippine deer
3. Variety of Ecosystems > Whale shark
→ Lakes, Ponds, & Rivers are all > Binturong
Freshwater Ecosystems
→ Rocky coast, Estuary, Salt ENDANGERED
Marsh & Coral Reef are all ➔ When a species population
Marine Ecosystems. becomes so low that only a few
remain
ECOSYSTEM ➔ Ex:
➔ “A self-contained community of > Tamaraw
microorganisms, animals and > Philippine freshwater crocodile
> Monkey-eating eagle 6. Asteroid, Comet or Meteor
> Dugong Impacts
➔ 7. Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift
EXTINCTION 8. Gamma Radiation
➔ Occurs when the last 9. Diseases
representative of a species dies.
TWO TYPES OF EXTINCTION
1. Background Extinction
→ “normal or natural extinction:
→ standard rate of extinction
before humans became primary
contributors of extinction of
organisms.
→ Rate is slower
2. Mass Extinction
→ widespread and rapid decrease
in the amount of biodiversity
→ It occurs when the rate of
extinction is faster than the rate of
speciation (formation of new
species)

BIODIVERSITY
➔ Refers to the species richness over
a specified area
➔ Abnormal decrease in biodiversity
leads to the extinction of some
NATURAL CAUSES OF
species
EXTINCTION
Elewa & Joseph (2009) identified 9
natural causes of species extinction
1. Global Cooling and Warming
2. Major Glaciations or Ice Ages
3. Fluctuations in Sea Level
4. Global Reduction of Oxygen
Levels
5. Volcanic Eruptions
converted into an unusable
habitat.
➔ Fires, logging, siltation (blocking
of a certain area with loose mud
or other materials), land
conversion, destructive fishing
methods and invasion and
occupancy of protected areas,

THE DINOSAURS: MASS


EXTINCTION
➔ Meteor impact in Yucatan in
Mexico
➔ Oxygen decreased from 30% to
15%
➔ Series of volcanic eruptions
➔ Increase in amount of greenhouse
gasses such as CO2 and So2 Introduction of New Species
➔ Increase in earth’s temperature ➔ Nonnative species that were
➔ Vulnerable to disease-causing transported to a new habitat either
agents like bacteria, fungi & intentionally or unintentionally
viruses ➔ Threat to biodiversity because
they have no known predators,
How do people contribute to species parasites or competitors that will
extinction? keep the balance
➔ The rate of extinction is definitely
a thousand times higher today

INDIRECT CAUSES
➔ Habitat Destruction
➔ Introduction of Exotic Species
➔ Pollution

Habitat Loss and Degradation


➔ Happens when a particular piece
of land or body of water is
Pollution aquatic ecosystems.
➔ Changes the composition of air,
soil, and water
➔ Pesticides
→Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan
e (DDT)
→ Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCB)

Bioaccumulation
➔ Process by which pollutants enter
a food chain through the organism
in the first trophic level. DIRECT CAUSES
➔ Overexploitation
Biomagnification ➔ By hunting, gathering and
➔ The increase in the concentration collection
of a pollutant from one organism ➔ Deliberate extermination of
in a food chain to another. undesirable species

Acid Rain

Eutrophication
➔ Occurs when fertilizers, animal
wastes and other substances that
are rich in nitrogen and
phosphorus flow to water habitats
causing algal growth.
➔ Phytoplankton - photosynthetic
organisms that are producers of

You might also like