Q1. One of the following does not apply to a concave mirror.

This is: 1 Mark

1. Focal length is negative.
2. Image distance can be positive or negative.
3. Image distance is always positive.
4. Height of image can be positive or negative.

Ans: 3. Image distance is always positive.

Explanation:
The image distance is always positive with the exception of one case, when the object is placed between the pole and the focus. In all
other cases, the image is formed in front of the mirror and on the left side.

Q2. Study the following diagram and select the correct statement about the device 'X': 1 Mark

1. Device 'X' is a concave mirror of radius of curvature 12cm.

2. Device 'X' is a concave mirror of focal length 6cm.
3. Device 'X' is a concave mirror of focal length 12cm.
4. Device 'X' is a convex mirror of focal length 12cm.

Ans: 3. Device 'X' is a concave mirror of focal length 12cm.

Explanation:
​From the figure, we can see that the light rays coming from infinity get reflected by the device 'X' and converge at a point at a
distance 12cm from it. Therefore, the device 'X' is a concave mirror of focal length 12cm.

Q3. If a spherical lens has a power of, -0.25D, the focal length of this lens will be: 1 Mark
1. -4cm
2. -400mm
3. -4m
4. -40cm

Ans: 3. -4m
Explanation:
1
Focal length =
Power
1 −100
= = = −4m
−0.25 25

Q4. If you focus the image of a distant object, whose shape is given below, on a screen using a convex lens, 1 Mark

the shape of the image of this object on the screen would be:
Ans:

Q5. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the size of the object? 1 Mark
1. At the principal focus of the lens.
2. At twice the focal length.
3. At infinity.
4. Between the optical centre of the lens and its principal focus.

Ans: 2. At twice the focal length.

Q6. If the focal length of a spherical mirror is 12.5cm, its radius of curvature will be: 1 Mark
1. 25cm
2. 15cm
3. 20cm
4. 35cm

Ans: 1. 25cm
Explanation:
Radius of curvature 'R' = 2f
R = 2 × 12.5
= 25cm

Q7. Magnification produced by a plane mirror is: 1 Mark

1. Less than one.
2. Greater than one.
3. Zero.
4. Equal to one.

Ans: 4. Equal to one.

Explanation:
Magnification produced by a plane mirror is equal to one. This is because the size of the image formed by a plane mirror is same as
the size of the object.

Q8. The image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and highly diminished (much smaller than the object). The 1 Mark
object must be:
1. Between pole and focus.
2. At focus.
3. At the centre of curvature.
4. At infinity.

Ans: 4. At infinity.
Explanation:
The reason being, the image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and highly diminished (much smaller than the object).
Therefore, the object must be at infinity.

Q9. The real image formed by a concave mirror is smaller than the object if the object is: 1 Mark
1. Between centre of curvature and focus.
 2. At a distance greater than radius of curvature.
3. At a distance equal to radius of curvature.
4. At a distance equal to focal length.

Ans: 2. At a distance greater than radius of curvature.

Explanation:
The reason being, the image formed by a concave mirror is virtual, erect and magnified. The position of the object is between the
pole and the focus.

Q10. Rahim recorded the following sets of observations while tracing the path of ray of light passing through a 1 Mark
rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence.
S. No. Angle of incidence Angle of refraction Angle of emergence
I 45
0
41
0
45
0

II 40
0
38
0
38
0

III 45
0
41
0
40
0

IV 41
0
45
0
41
0

The correct observation is recorded at serial number:

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 1. I.

Q11. A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as shown in Figure. The refractive index of medium B relative to A 1 Mark
will be:

1. Greater than unity.

2. Less than unity.
3. Equal to unity.
4. Zero.

Ans: 1. Greater than unity.

Explanation: Since light rays in medium B goes towards normal. So it has greater restrictive index and lesser velocity of light with
respect to medium A. So refractive index of medium B with respect to medium A is greater than unity.

Q12. The refractive indices of four media A, B, C and D are 1.44, 1.52, 1.65 and 1.36 respectively. When light travelling 1 Mark
in air is incident in these media at equal angles, the angle of refraction will be the minimum:
1. In medium A.
2. In medium B.
3. In medium C.
4. In medium D.

Ans: 3. In medium C.
Explanation:
sin i
Refractive index =
sin r

The angle of incidence is equal in all the cases therefore, the refractive index will be maximum in the case of minimum angle of
refraction. According to this argument, medium C will have minimum angle of refraction because it has maximum refractive index.

Q13. The image formed by a plane mirror is: 1 Mark

1. Virtual, behind the mirror and enlarged.
2. Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
3. Real, at the surface of the mirror and enlarged.
4. Real, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
Ans: 2. Virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
Explanation:
The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size because it cannot be projected on a screen.

Q14. A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head bigger, the middle portion of her 1 Mark
body of the same size and that of the legs smaller. The following is the order of combinations for the magic mirror
from the top.
1. Plane, convex and concave.
2. Convex, concave and plane.
3. Concave, plane and convex.
4. Convex, plane and concave.

Ans: 3. Concave, plane and convex.

Explanation:
Concave mirrors (of large focal length) can be used to see a larger image of the head, the plane mirror for middle portion to see her
body of the same size and convex mirror to see the diminished image of leg. Hence, the combinations for magic mirror from the top is
concave mirror, plane mirror and convex mirror.

Q15. By using convex lens, a student obtained a sharp image of his class-room window grill on a screen. In which 1 Mark
direction should he move the lens to "focus a distant tree instead of the grill?
1. Towards the screen.
2. Away from the screen.
3. Very far away from the screen.
4. Behind the screen.

Ans: 1. Towards the screen.

Q16. Magnification produced by a concave lens is always: 1 Mark

1. More than 1.
2. Equal to 1.
3. Less than 1.
4. More than 1 or less than 1.

Ans: 3. Less than 1.

Explanation:
Size of the image
Magnification =
Size of the object

From the formula, it is clear that the magnification varies directly with the size of the image. The image formed by a concave mirror is
always smaller than the size of the object. Therefore, the magnification of a concave mirror is always less than 1.

Q17. The angle of incidence for of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror is: 1 Mark
1. 45°
2. 90°
3. 0°
4. 180°

Ans: 3. 0°
Explanation:
The reason being, a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror strikes the mirror normally or
perpendicularly.

Q18. The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab traced by four students are 1 Mark
shown as A, B, C and D in Figure. Which one of them is correct?
 1. A.
2. B.
3. C.
4. D.

Ans: 2. B.
Explanation: When a light ray is passed through a glass slab obliquely then, emergent ray will be parallel to the direction of the
incident ray.

Q19. A converging lens is used to produce an image of an object on a screen,object on a screen. What change is 1 Mark
needed for the image to be formed nearer to the lens?
1. Increase the focal length of the lens.
2. Insert a diverging lens between the lens and the screen.
3. Increase the distance of the object from the lens.
4. Move the object closer to the lens.

Ans: 3. Increase the distance of the object from the lens.

Explanation:
As the object moves away from the lens, the image gets closer to the lens.

Q20. Which mirror is to be used to obtain parallel beam of light from a small bulb? 1 Mark
1. Concave mirror.
2. Convex mirror.
3. Plane mirror.
4. None of these.

Ans: 1. Concave mirror.

Explanation:
Concave mirror to be used ti obtain a parallel beam of light from a small lamp.

Q21. A convex lens of focal length 8cm forms a real image of the same size as the object. The distance between object 1 Mark
and its image will be:
1. 8cm
2. 16cm
3. 24cm
4. 32cm

Ans: 4. 32cm
Explanation:
A convex lens forms a real image at 2f on the right side of the lens. The size of the image is equal to that of the object if the object is
placed at 2f.
∴ Distance between the image and the object = 2f + 2f = 4f = 4 × 8 = 32cm.

Q22. In order to obtain a magnification of, -0.75 with a convex lens of focal length 8cm, the object should be placed: 1 Mark
1. At less than 8cm.
2. Between 8cm and 16cm.
3. Beyond 16cm.
4. At 16cm.

Ans: 3. Beyond 16cm.

Explanation:
For an object placed beyond 2f of a convex lens, the image formed is real, inverted and smaller than the object.

Q23. When an object is kept at any distance in front of a concave lens, the image formed is always: 1 Mark
1. Virtual, erect and magnified.
2. Virtual, inverted and diminished.
3. Virtual, erect and diminished.
4. Virtual, erect and same size as object.
Ans: 3. Virtual, erect and diminished.
Explanation:
A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image.

Q24. An object is placed at a large distance in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 40cm. The image will be 1 Mark
formed in front of the mirror at a distance:
1. 20cm
2. 30cm
3. 40cm
4. 50cm

Ans: 1. 20cm
Explanation:
An object is placed at a large distance but in front of a concave mirror with a radius of curvature of 40cm. The image of this object will
be formed at the focus that is 20cm away

Q25. A student has obtained a magnified image of a flame on a screen using a convex lens. To draw the corresponding 1 Mark
ray diagram, to show the image formation, which of the following two rays whose paths after refraction are
shown he should select?

1. I and II
2. II and III
3. III and IV
4. I and III

Ans: 4. I and III

​Explanation:
Convex lens is a converging lens. Therefore, rays I and III represent the path of the refracting ray from a convex lens (converging lens).
Figure II and IV show the refracting ray being diverged. So, the ray diagrams are incorrect.

Q26. A full length image of a distant tall building can definitely be seen by using: 1 Mark
1. A concave mirror.
2. A convex mirror.
3. A plane mirror.
4. Both concave as well as plane mirror.

Ans: 2. A convex mirror.

Explanation: A convex mirror forms virtual, erect and diminished image of the objects. So, out of given options, distant tall building
can definitely be seen by using a convex mirror.

Q27. To determine focal length of a concave mirror a student obtains the image of a well lit distant object on 1 Mark
a screen. To determine the focal length of the given concave mirror he needs to measure the distance between:
1. Mirror and the object.
2. Mirror and the screen.
3. Screen and the object.
4. Screen and the object and also mirror and the screen.

Ans: 2. Mirror and the screen.

Q28. A ray of light travelling in air goes into water. The angle of refraction will be: 1 Mark
1. 90°
2. Smaller than the angle of incidence.
3. Equal to the angle of incidence.
4. Greater than the angle of incidence.
Ans: 2. Smaller than the angle of incidence.
Explanation:
Because when a light ray passes from a rarer medium to a denser medium, it bends towards the normal.

Q29. Select from the following the best experimental set-up for tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a 1 Mark
rectangular glass slab:

1. P.
2. Q.
3. R.
4. S.

Ans: d. S.

Q30. A beam of parallel light rays is incident through the holes on one side of a box and emerges out through the holes 1 Mark
on its opposite side as shown in the diagram below:

Which of the following could be inside the box?

1. A rectangular glass block.
2. A concave lens.
3. A convex lens.
4. A glass prism.

Ans: 3. A convex lens.

Explanation:
The beam of light is converging when it is coming out of the box therefore, there should be a convex lens inside the box.

Q31. Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light from a bulb falls on it? 1 Mark
1. Concave mirror as well as concave lens.
2. Convex mirror as well as concave lens.
3. Concave mirror as well as convex lens.
4. Concave mirror as well as convex lens.

Ans: 3. Concave mirror as well as convex lens.

Explanation:
When an object is placed at the focus of a concave mirror (convex lens), the reflected (refracted) light rays are always parallel to each
other and to the principal axis.

Q32. The speed of light in air is: 1 Mark

1. 3 × 108cm/ s
2. 3 × 108mm/ s
3. 3 × 108km/ s
4. 3 × 108m/ s

Ans: 4. 3 × 108m/ s

Q33. Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light when light from a point source is incident on it? 1 Mark
1. Concave mirror as well as convex lens.
2. Convex mirror as well as concave lens.
3. Two plane mirrors placed at 90° to each other.
 4. Concave mirror as well as concave lens.

Ans: 1. Concave mirror as well as convex lens.

Explanation: When a point source of light is at the focus of a concave mirror or a convex lens, then emergent rays of light make a
parallel beam of light. This is the reason; concave mirror is used as reflector of headlights.

Q34. Refractive indices of water, sulphuric acid, glass and carbon disulphide are 1.33, 1.43, 1.53 and 1.63 respectively. 1 Mark
the light travels slowest in:
1. Sulphuric acid.
2. Glass.
3. Water.
4. Carbon disulphide.

Ans: 4. Carbon disulphide.

Explanation:
Speed of light in air
Refractive index =
Speed of light in medium

Speed of light in the medium is slowest, therefore refractive index will be maximum as the speed of light in air is constant. Thus, light
will travel slowest in the substance with refractive index 1.63

Q35. The mirror used by a dentist to examine the teeth of a person is: 1 Mark
1. Convex.
2. Concave.
3. Plane.
4. Any one of the above.

Ans: 2. Concave.
Explanation:
A concave mirror is used by a dentist to examine the teeth of a person.

Q36. Which of the following statements is true? 1 Mark

1. A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25m.
2. A convex lens has -4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25m.
3. A concave lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25m.
4. A concave lens has -4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25m.

Ans: 1. A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25m.
Explanation: The positive sign with the focal length indicates that it is a convex lens.

Q37. n order to obtain a magnification of, −0.6 (minus 0.6) with a concave mirror, the object must be placed: 1 Mark
1. At the focus.
2. Between pole and focus.
3. Between focus and centre of curvature.
4. Beyond the centre of curvature.

Ans: 4. Beyond the centre of curvature.

Explanation:
In order to obtain a magnification of −0.6 (minus 0.6) with a concave mirror, the object needs to be placed beyond the centre of
curvature, as at this point a diminished image will be formed.

Q38. In the concave reflector of a torch, the bulb is placed: 1 Mark

1. Between the pole and focus of reflector.
2. At the focus of reflector.
3. Between focus and centre of curvature of reflector.
4. At the centre of curvature of reflector.

Ans: 2. At the focus of reflector.

Explanation:
When a light bulb is placed at the focus of a concave mirror reflector, the diverging light rays of the bulbare collected by the reflector
and then reflected, to produce a strong, parallel-sided beam of light.
Q39. The image of an object formed by a plane mirror is: 1 Mark
1. Virtual.
2. Real.
3. Diminished.
4. Upside-down.

Ans: 1. Virtual.
Explanation:
The reason being, the image cannot be projected on a screen.

Q40. To determine the focal length of a concave mirror by forming image of a distant object, the screen should be 1 Mark
placed:
1. In any direction.
2. Inclined at angle of 45°.
3. At right angle to the plane of mirror.
4. Parallel to the plane of mirror.

Ans: 3. At right angle to the plane of mirror.

Explanation:
Rays from a distant object are parallel. When they hit a concave mirror, they converge to a point known as the focus.

Q41. The speed of light in substance X is 1.25 × 108 m/ s and that in air is 3 × 108 m/ s. The refractive index of this 1 Mark
substance will be:
1. 2.4
2. 0.4
3. 4.2
4. 3.75

Ans: 1. 2.4
Explanation:
Speed of light in air
Refractive index =
Speed of light in the substance
8
3×10 m/s
=
8
1.25×10 m/s

Q42. In these diagrams, the angle of refraction r has been correctly marked in which diagram? 1 Mark

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 4. IV.

Q43. A beam of light is incident through the holes on one side of a box and emerges out through the holes on its 1 Mark
opposite side as shown in the following figure:

The box contains:

1. A glass prism.
 2. A concave lens.
3. A convex lens
4. A parallel-sided glass slab.

Ans: 2. A concave lens.

Explanation:
This is because the emergent rays of light are diverging.

Q44. Magnification produced by a rear view mirror fitted in vehicles: 1 Mark

1. Is less than one.
2. Is more than one.
3. Is equal to one.
4. Can be more than or less than one depending upon the position of the object in front of it.

Ans: 1. Is less than one.

size of image
Explanation: m = size of object

Rear view mirror is a convex mirror, which always forms an image whose size is less than the size of the object.

Q45. While tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab student tabulated 1 Mark
his observations given below:
S. No. ∠ i ∠ r ∠ e

I 60
0
40
0
61
0

II 50
0
36
0
51
0

III 40
0
28
0
39
0

IV 30
0
20
0
31
0

The correct observation is:

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 4. IV.

Q46. A virtual image three times the size of the object is obtained with a concave mirror of radius of curvature 36cm. 1 Mark
The distance of the object from the mirror is:
1. 20cm
2. 10cm
3. 12cm
4. 5cm

Ans: 3. 12cm
Explanation:
m=3
R = 36
Then, F =
R
= 18
2
v
m =
u
v
3 =
u

v = 3u

then,
1 1
= v+1
f
u

1 1
= 34+1
18
u

1 2
=
18 3u
3u
= 2
18

3u = 36

u = 12

Q47. In which of the following, the image of an object placed at infinity will be highly diminished and point sized? 1 Mark
1. Concave mirror only.
 2. Convex mirror only.
3. Convex lens only.
4. Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens and convex lens.

Ans: 4. Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens and convex lens.
Explanation: In case of all of the above, when an object is at infinity, image is highly diminished and point sized.

Q48. If R is the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror and f is its focal length, then: 1 Mark
1. R = f
2. R = 2
3. R = f

4. R = 3f

Ans: 2. R = 2f
Explanation:
If R is the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror and f is its focal length, then R = 2f.

Q49. In order to determine focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining the image of distant object on screen, you 1 Mark
need to measure the distance between:
1. Mirror and the screen.
2. Object and screen.
3. Mirror and object.
4. Mirror and screen also between object and screen.

Ans: 2. Object and screen.

Explanation:
As the distance between the pole 0 of the concave mirror and the focus F is the focal length of the concave mirror. Thus, the focal
length of a concave mirror can be estimated by obtaining a real image of a distant object at its focus.

Q50. Which of the following lens will diverge the ray of light more? 1 Mark
1. 2D
2. 1D
3. -0.4D
4. -0.8D

Ans: 4. -0.8D
Explanation:
The diverging lens is signified by negative sign. Also, more is the magnitude of the lens more is the more is the diverging power.

Q51. If a magnification of, -1(minus 1) is obtained by using a converging lens, then the object has to be placed: 1 Mark
1. Within f.
2. At 2f.
3. Beyond 2f.
4. At infinity.

Ans: 2. At 2f.
Explanation:
When an object is placed at 2f, the size of the image formed will be equal to the size of the object. Therefore, we get a magnification
of 1.

Q52. In your laboratory you trace the path of light rays through a glass slab for different values of angle of incidence ( 1 Mark
∠i) and in each case measure the values of the corresponding angle of refraction (​∠r ​ ) and angle of emergence (
∠e). On the basis of your observations your correct conclusion is:

1. ∠i is more than∠r, but nearly equal to∠e

2. ∠i is less than∠r , but nearly equal to∠e
3. ∠i is more than∠e , but nearly equal to∠r
4. ∠i is less than∠e , but nearly equal to∠r.

Ans: 1. ∠i is more than∠r, but nearly equal to∠e.

 Explanation:

On entering a glass slab, the incident light gets refracted. According to Snell’s law, we get
sin i
μ =
sin r

For glass μ > 1

∴ sin r < sin r

or r < i
In refraction of light through a glass slab, the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray. Thus, ∠i = ∠e.

Q53. In torches, search lights and headlights of vehicles the bulb is placed: 1 Mark
1. Between the pole and the focus of the reflector.
2. Very near to the focus of the reflector.
3. Between the focus and centre of curvature of the reflector.
4. At the centre of curvature of the reflector.

Ans: 2. Very near to the focus of the reflector.

Explanation:

Q54. In order to obtain a real image twice the size of the object with a convex lens of focal length 15 cm, the object 1 Mark
distance should be:
1. More than 5cm but less than 10cm.
2. More than 10cm but less than 15cm.
3. More than 15cm but less than 30cm.
4. More than 30cm but less than 60cm.

Ans: 3. More than 15cm but less than 30cm.

Explanation:
For an object placed between F and 2F of a convex lens, the image formed is real and enlarged.

Q55. To determine the approximate focal length of the given convex lens by focussing a distant object (say, a sign 1 Mark
board), you try to focus the image of the object on a screen. The image you obtain on the screen is always:
1. Erect and laterally inverted.
2. Erect and diminished.
3. Inverted and diminished.
4. Virtual, inverted and diminished.

Ans: 3. Inverted and diminished.

Explanation:
When the object is at infinity, then the image is formed at the focus of the concave mirror. The image formed in this case is always
inverted and diminished i.e. smaller in size as that of the object.

Q56. Which one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens? 1 Mark
1. Water.
2. Glass.
3. Plastic.
4. Clay.
Ans: 4. clay.

Q57. The correct sequencing of angle of incidence, angle of emergence, angle of refraction and lateral displacement 1 Mark
shown in the following diagram by digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 is:

1. 2, 4, 1, 3
2. 2, 1, 4, 3
3. 1, 2, 4, 3
4. 2, 1, 3, 4

Ans: 2. 2, 1, 4, 3
​Explanation:
Angle 2 is angle of incidence. As, it is formed between the incident ray and the normal.
Angle 1 is angle of emergence. As, it is formed between the emergent ray with normal.
Angle 4 is angle of refraction. As, it is formed between the refracted ray and the normal.
3 shows the lateral displacement.
Hence, the correct answer is 2, 1, 4, 3.

Q58. A ray of light travelling in water falls at right angles to the boundary of a parallel-sided glass block. The ray of light: 1 Mark
1. Is refracted towards the normal.
2. Is refracted away from the normal.
3. Does not get refracted.
4. Is reflected along the same path.

Ans: 3. Does not get refracted.

Explanation:
When a ray of light travels along the normal incident on the boundary separating two mediums, it is not refracted.

Q59. The refractive indexes of four substances P, Q, R and S are 1.77, 1.50, 2.42 and 1.31 respectively. When light 1 Mark
travelling in air is incident on these substances at equal angles, the angle of refraction will be the maximum in:
1. Substance P.
2. Substance Q.
3. Substance R.
4. Substance S.

Ans: 4. Substance S.
Explanation:
sin i
Refractive index =
sin r

The value of (Sin i) is same in all the cases; therefore, the value of (Sin r) will be maximum for minimum refractive index. This means
that the angle of refraction will be maximum for minimum refractive index and substance S has minimum refractive index.

Q60. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror PQ at an angle of incidence of 30°, is reflected from the plane mirror and then 1 Mark
strikes a second plane mirror QR placed at right angles to the first mirror. The angle of reflection at the second
mirror is:
1. 30°
2. 45°
3. 60°
4. 90°

Draw a ray-diagram to illustrate your answer.

Ans: 3. 60°.
Explanation:
 Here.
∠ABN = ∠NBC (angle of incidence = angle of reflection)
∠BCO = ∠NBC (alternate angles)

∠MCB = 90 − ∠BCO (∠MCB =angle of incident for mirror QR)

∘

= 60°
Now
(∠MCB = ∠MCD = 60
∘
angle of reflection from mirror QR and angle of incidence = angle of reflection)

Q61. Four students P, Q, R and S traced the path of a ray of light passing through a glass slab for an angle of incidence 1 Mark
of 40° and measured the angle of refraction. The values as measured by them were 18°; 22°; 25° and 30°
respectively. The student who has performed the experiment methodically is.
1. P.
2. Q.
3. R.
4. S.

Ans: 3. R.
​Explanation:
Since, angle of incidence, θ 1 = 40
∘
and we have to find angle of emergence, θ since,
2

sin θ1 n2
=
sin θ2 n1

Refractive index of air, n1 = 1

Refractive index of glass, n2 = 1.5
∘
sin 40 1.5
=
sin θ2 1

0 1
sin θ2 = sin 40 ×
1.5
0.642
sin θ2 = = 0.428
1.5

Now, θ 2 = sin
−1
(0.428) ≈ 25
∘

Q62. Light travelling from a denser medium to a rarer medium along a normal to the boundary: 1 Mark
1. Is refracted towards the normal.
2. Is refracted away from the normal.
3. Goes along the boundary.
4. Is not refracted.

Ans: 4. Is not refracted.

Explanation:
When a ray of light travels along the normal incident on the surface, it is not refracted.

Q63. A student traces the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab for the different values of angle of 1 Mark
incidence. He observes all possible precautions at each step of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, on
analysing the measurements, which of the following conclusions is he likely to draw?
1. ∠i = ∠ e < ∠r
2. ∠i < ∠ e < ∠r
3. ∠i > ∠ e > ∠r
4. ∠i = ∠ e > ∠r.

Ans: 1. ∠i = ∠ e > ∠r.

Explanation:
When a ray of light passes through a rectangular glass slab then due to change in the refractive index from air to glass and then glass
to air, the light is refracted. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergency of light ray and also greater than angle of
refraction.

Q64. The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should 1 Mark
be the position of the object?
 1. Between the principal focus and the centre of curvature.
2. At the centre of curvature.
3. Beyond the centre of curvature.
4. Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.

Ans: 4. Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.

Q65. A diverging mirror is: 1 Mark

1. A plane mirror.
2. A convex mirror.
3. A concave mirror.
4. A shaving mirror

Ans: 2. A convex mirror

Explanation:
A convex mirror diverges the rays of light incident on it; hence, it acts as a diverging mirror.

Q66. A convex lens produces a magnification of +5. The object is placed: 1 Mark
1. At focus.
2. Between f and 2f.
3. At less than f.
4. Beyond 2f.

Ans: 3. At less than f.

Explanation:
Since the magnification is positive, the image formed is virtual, erect and enlarged. This is the case when an object is placed at a
distance of less than f of the lens.

Q67. Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass is 1.6. If the absolute refractive index of glass is 1.5, then the 1 Mark
absolute refractive index of diamond is:
1. 1.4
2. 2.4
3. 3.4
4. 4.4

Ans: 2. 2.4
Explanation:
μglass
Absolute refractive index of glass =
refractive index of glass
= = 1.5
refractive index of air μair

Since μ = 1, μ
air glass= 1.5
μdiamond
refractive index of diamond with respect to glass = μglass
= 1.6

μdiamond = 1.6 × μglass = 1.6 × 1.5 = 2.4

μdiamond
absolute refractive index of diamond =
2.4
= = 2.4
μair 1

Q68. Linear magnification produced by a convex lens can be: 1 Mark

1. Less than 1 or more than 1.
2. Less than 1 or equal to 1.
3. More than 1 or equal to 1.
4. Less than 1, equal to 1 or more than 1.

Ans: 4. Less than 1, equal to 1 or more than 1.

Explanation:
The size of the image formed by a convex lens may be less than, equal to or greater than the size of the object.

Q69. The magnification produced by a spherical mirror and a spherical lens is +0.8. 1 Mark
1. The mirror and lens are both convex.
2. The mirror and lens are both concave.
3. The mirror is concave but the lens is convex.
4. The mirror is convex but the lens is concave.
Ans: 4. The mirror is convex but the lens is concave.
Explanation:
Because both convex mirror and concave lens have positive magnification.

Q70. A ray of light passes from glass into air. The angle of refraction will be: 1 Mark
1. Equal to the angle of incidence.
2. Greater than the angle of incidence.
3. Smaller than the angle of incidence.
4. 45°

Ans: 2. Greater than the angle of incidence.

Explanation:
Because when a light ray passes from denser medium to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal.

Q71. A convex lens A of focal length 20cm and a concave lens B of focal length 5cm are kept along the same axis with a 1 Mark
distance d between them. If a parallel beam of light falling on A leaves B as a parallel beam, then the distance d in
cm will be:
1. 25
2. 15
3. 30
4. 50

Ans: 2. 15
Explanation:
As the incident beam is parallel, in the absence of concave lens it will form image at a distance v from it such that
1 1 1
− =
v −∞ +20

i.e., v = +20cm(= f)

Now if d is the distance between convex and concave lens, the distance of image I from concave lens B will be = (20 - d)
As image I will act as object for concave lens which forms its image at infinity.
1 1 1
− =
∞ +(20−d) −5

i.e. 20 − d = 5
or, d = 15cm (as show above)

Q72. The angle between an incident ray and the plane mirror is 30°. The total angle between the incident ray and 1 Mark
reflected ray will be:
1. 30°
2. 60°
3. 90°
4. 120°

Ans: 3. 120°
Explanation:
Since, angle of incidence = 90° - angle between plane mirror and incident ray = 90° - 30° = 60° and according to first law of reflection,
angle of incidence = angle of reflection = 60°
Total angle between incident ray and reflected ray = 60° + 60° = 120°

Q73. The mirror which can form a magnified image of an object is: 1 Mark
1. Convex mirror.
2. Plane mirror.
3. Concave mirror.
4. Both convex and concave mirror.

Ans: 3. Concave mirror

 Explanation:
A concave mirror forms a magnified image of an object.

Q74. If the image formed is always virtual, the mirror can be: 1 Mark
1. Concave or convex.
2. Concave or plane.
3. Convex or plane.
4. Only convex.

Ans: 3. Convex or plane.

Explanation:
Both convex and plane mirrors always form virtual images.

Q75. A beam of light is incident through the holes on side A and emerges out of the holes on the other face of the box 1 Mark
as shown in the Figure. Which of the following could be inside the box?

1. Concave lens.
2. Rectangular glass slab.
3. Prism.
4. Convex lens.

Ans: 4. Convex lens.

Explanation:

Q76. A student determines the focal length of a device ‘X’ by focusing the image of a distant object on a screen placed 1 Mark
20cm from the device on the same side as the object. The device ‘X’ is.
1. Concave lens of focal length 10cm.
2. Convex lens of focal length 20cm.
3. Concave mirror of focal length 10cm.
4. Concave mirror of focal length 20cm.

Ans: 4. Concave mirror of focal length 20cm.

Explanation:
Since the object and the image are on the same side, and the image is real (since it is focused on a screen) the device X is a concave
mirror of focal length 20cm.

Q77. Study the following ray diagram: 1 Mark

In this diagram, the angle of incidence, the angle of emergence and the angle of deviation respectively have been
represented by.
1. y, p, z
2. x, q, z
3. p, y, z
 4. p, z, y

Ans: 3. p, y, z
​Explanation:
The angle between the incident ray and the normal is known as the angle of incidence, and the angle between the emergent ray and
the normal is known as the angle of emergence. The emergent ray is bent at an angle with the direction of the incident ray. This angle
is called the angle of deviation.

Q78. An object is placed in front of a screen and a convex lens is placed at a position such that the size of the image 1 Mark
formed is 9cm. when the lens is shifted through a distance of 20cm, the size of the image becomes 1cm. The focal
length of the lens and the size of the object are respectively.
1. 7.5cm and 3.5cm
2. 7.5cm and 4.5cm
3. 6cm 3cm
4. 7.5cm and 3cm

Ans: 4. 7.5cm and 3cm

Explanation:
If h1 and h2 are the sizes of the images formed in two conjugate positions, then, the size of object is given as
h = √h1 h2

= √9 × 1 = 3cm

The size of the image in the two conjugate positions is

In the first case, if the image is formed, the magnification is given as Such that, v = 3u
v 9
=
u 3

Also, v = 20 + u, since “v” and “u” interchange the conjugate positions.

∴ 3u = 20 + u

Or 2u = 20
Or u = 10
And, v = 20 + u = 20 + 10 = 30cm
Now, focal length is calculated as:
1 1 1
= +
f v u

1 1
= +
30 10
10+30
=
300
40
= = 7.5
300

Thus, correct answer is option (d).

Q79. A student has obtained an image of a well-illuminated distant object on a screen to determine the focal length, 1 Mark
F of the given spherical mirror. The teacher then gave him another mirror of focal length, F and asked him to
1 2

obtain a focussed image of the same object on the same screen. The student found that in order to focus the
same object using the second mirror, he has to move the mirror away from the screen. From this observation it
may be concluded that both the spherical mirrors given to the student were (select the correct option)
1. Concave and F < F 1 2

2. Concave and F > F 1 2

3. Convex and F < F 1 2

4. Convex and F > F 1 2

Ans: 1. Concave and F1 < F2.

​Explanation:
Since the image is focused, the spherical mirror is a concave mirror. For second mirror the distance is increased to focus the image on
the screen. Hence, focal length is more than that of first mirror.

Q80. A converging lens has a focal length of 50cm. The power of this lens is: 1 Mark
1. +0.2D
2. -2.0D
3. +2.0D
4. -0.2D

Ans: 3. +2.0D
Explanation:
 1 1
Power = = = +2D
Focal length 0.5m

Q81. To obtain a magnification of, -2 with a convex lens of focal length 10cm, the object should be placed: 1 Mark
1. Between 5cm and 10cm.
2. Between 10cm and 20cm.
3. At 20cm.
4. Beyond 20cm.

Ans: 2. Between 10cm and 20cm.

Explanation:
The magnification is -2, which means that the image is real, inverted and magnified. A convex mirror forms a.

Q82. A student obtained a sharp inverted image of a distant tree on a screen placed in front of the concave mirror. He 1 Mark
then removed the screen and tried to look into the mirror. He would now see
1. A very blurred image on the wall opposite to the mirror.
2. An erect and magnified image of the tree in the mirror.
3. No image as the screen has been removed.
4. A highly diminished inverted image of the tree at the focus of the mirror.

Ans: 4. A highly diminished inverted image of the tree at the focus of the mirror.

Q83. An object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The distance between its image and the pole is: 1 Mark
1. Equal to f.
2. Between f and 2f.
3. Equal to 2f.
4. Greater than 2f.

Ans: 3. Equal to 2f.

Explanation:
An object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The image will be formed at the centre of curvature so the distance
will be 2f (f = 1

2
of radius of curvature )

Q84. The real image formed by a concave mirror is larger than the object when object is: 1 Mark
1. At a distance equal to radius of curvature.
2. At a distance less than the focal length.
3. Between focus and centre of curvature.
4. At a distance greater than radius of curvature.

Ans: 3. Between focus and centre of curvature.

Explanation:
For an object placed between the focus and the centre of curvature, the real image formed by a concave mirror is larger than the
object.

Q85. A concave lens produces an image 20cm from the lens of an object placed 30cm from the lens. The focal length of 1 Mark
the lens is:
1. 50cm
2. 40cm
3. 60cm
4. 30cm

Ans: 3. 60cm
Explanation:
Object distance from the lens, u = -30cm
 Image distance from the lens, v = -20cm
Using the lens formula, we get,
1 1 1
= −
f v u

1 1 1
= −
f −20 −30
1 1 1
= +
f −20 30

1 −3+2 1
= = −
f 60 60

∴ f = −60cm

Therefore, the focal length of the lens is 60cm.

Q86. For a ray of light passing through a glass slab. 1 Mark

The lateral displacement was correctly measured as:

1. AB
2. PQ
3. CD
4. PR

Ans: 3. CD.

Q87. An illuminated object is placed at a distance of 20cm from a converging lens of focal length 15cm. The image 1 Mark
obtained on the screen is:
1. Upright and magnified.
2. Inverted and magnified.
3. Inverted and diminished.
4. Upright and diminished.

Ans: 2. Inverted and magnified.

Explanation:
For an object placed between the focal length and twice the focal length of a converging lens, the image formed is real, inverted and
magnified.

Q88. For finding the focal length of a convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object, one should use as the 1 Mark
object:
1. A well lit distant tree.
2. Window grill in the classroom.
3. Any distant tree.
4. A lighted candle kept at the other end of the table.

Ans: 1. A well lit distant tree.

Explanation:
A well lit distant tree will be best to use as the brighter object will give more accurate and brighter image of the object. In this case
it'll be easy for us to find the focal length of the lens.

Q89. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of -15 cm. The mirror and the lens are likely 1 Mark
to be.
1. Both concave.
2. Both convex.
3. The mirror is concave and the lens is convex.
4. the mirror is convex, but the lens is concave.

Ans: 1. both concave.

Q90. A student focused the image of a distant object using a device ‘X’ on a while screen ‘S’ as shown in the figure. If 1 Mark
the distance of the screen from the device is 40 cm, select the correct statement about the device.
 1. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 20 cm.
2. The device X is a concave mirror of focal length 40 cm.
3. The device X is a convex mirror of radius of curvature 40 cm.
4. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 40 cm.

Ans: 4. The device X is a convex lens of focal length 40 cm.

Q91. A real image of an object is to be obtained. The mirror required for this purpose is: 1 Mark
1. Convex.
2. Concave.
3. Plane.
4. Either convex or concave.

Ans: 2. Concave.
Explanation:
A concave mirror forms a real image of an object.

Q92. To find the focal length of a concave mirror Rahul focuses a distant object with this mirror. The chosen 1 Mark
object should be:
1. A tree.
2. Abuilding.
3. Window.
4. The sun.

Ans: 4. The sun.

​Explanation:
The chosen object must be sun, because parallel rays coming from infinity converge or meet at focus.

Q93. When you focus the image of a distant flag, whose shape is given below, on a screen using a convex lens, the 1 Mark
shape of the image as it appears on the screen is:

Ans:

Q94. A student obtained a sharp image of the grills of a window on a screen using a concave mirror. His teacher 1 Mark
remarked that for getting better results a well lit distant object (preferably the sun) should be focussed on the
screen. What should be done for this purpose?
1. Move the screens lightly away from the mirror.
2. Move the mirrors lightly towards the screen.
3. Move the screen and the mirror away from the object.
4. Move the screen and the mirror towards the object.

Ans: 2. Move the mirrors lightly towards the screen.

​Explanation:
 When the image distance increases, object distance decreases. Thus, distance between the mirror and screen will decrease. So, the
mirror should be moved towards the screen.

Q95. Consider two statements A and B given below: 1 Mark

1. Real image is always inverted.
2. Virtual image is always erect.

Out of these two statements:

1. Only A is true.
2. Only B is true.
3. Both A and B are true.
4. None is true.

Ans: 3. Both A and B are true.

Explanation:
A real image is always inverted and a virtual image is always erect.

Q96. On the basis of their experiment, "To trace the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab," students of 1 Mark
a class arrived at which one of the following conclusions:
1. Angle of incidence is greater than the angle of emergence.
2. Angle of emergence is smaller than the angle of refraction.
3. Emergent ray is parallel to the refracted ray.
4. Incident ray and emergent ray are parallel to each other.

Ans: 4. Incident ray and emergent ray are parallel to each other.

Q97. You are given water mustard oil, glycerine and kerosene. In which of these media a ray of light incident obliquely 1 Mark
at same angle would bend the most?
1. Kerosene.
2. Water.
3. Mustard oil.
4. Glycerine.

Ans: 4. Glycerine.
Explanation:
The given material having their refractive index as kerosene is 1.44, water is 1.33, musterd oil is 1.46 and glycerine is 1.74. Thus,
glycerine is most optically denser and hence have the largest refractive index. Therefore, ray of light bend most in glycerine.

Q98. Study the following four experimental set-ups I, II, III and IV for the experiment, " To trace the path of a ray of 1 Mark
light through a Rectangular glass slab.”

Which of the marked set-ups is likely to give best results (P1 and P2 are the positions of pins fixed on the incident
ray)?
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 2. II
​Explanation:
Experiment II: will give the best result because it has the largest angle of incidence, due to which the lateral displacement between
the incident ray and emergent ray will be maximum.

Q99. An object is placed 20cm in front of a plane mirror. The mirror is moved 2cm towards the object. The distance 1 Mark
between the positions of the positions of the original and final images seen in the mirror is:
 1. 2cm.
2. 4cm.
3. 10cm.
4. 22cm

Ans: 2. 4cm.
Explanation:
Distance between original image and final image = distance the mirror moved + same distance the image moved = 2 + 2 = 4c.

Q100. A piece of paper is placed at the focus of a convex lens focussing sunlight. The paper will: 1 Mark
1. Brighten itself.
2. Fade off.
3. Burn.
4. Turn into pieces.

Ans: 3. Burn.
Explanation:
A convex lens can burn a piece of paper using sunlight.

Q101. A concave mirror cannot be used as: 1 Mark

1. A magnifying mirror
2. A torch reflector
3. A dentist's mirror
4. A real view mirror

Ans: 3. A real view mirror

Explanation:
A concave mirror cannot be used as a rear view mirror because it forms inverted images of distant objects.

Q102. In an experiment to trace the path of a ray of light through a glass prism for different values of angle of incidence 1 Mark
a student would find that the emergent ray:
1. Is parallel to the incident ray.
2. Perpendicular to the incident ray.
3. Is parallel to the refracted ray.
4. Bends at an angle to the direction of incident ray.

Ans: 4. Bends at an angle to the direction of incident ray.

Explanation:
The paths followed by the incident ray and the emergent ray on passing through a prism are different. Upon refraction of a ray of light
through prism, the emergent ray is always at an angle (namely, the Angle of Deviation) with the incident ray.
Thus, option (4) is correct.

Q103. After tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for four different values of the 1 Mark
angle of incidence, a student reported his observations in tabular form as given below:
S. No. ∠ i ∠ r ∠ e

I 30
0
19
0
29
0

II 40
0
28
0
40
0

III 50
0
36
0
50
0

IV 60
0
40
0
59
0

The best observation is:

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 3. III.
​Explanation:
For best results, the following conditions must be satisfied:
 1. The angle of incidence must be nearly equal to the angle of emergence.
2. The angle of refraction must be less than the angle the incidence.
3. = 1.5 (Since, the refractive index of glass is 1.5)
sin i

sin r

Out of the 4 observations, the first observation, that is angle i = 30º; angle r = 19º and angle e = 29º is the correct observation.
∘

In this case, = 1.535.

sin 30
∘
sin 19

Q104. In a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place at: 1 Mark
1. A flat surface.
2. A bent-in surface.
3. A bulging-our surface.
4. An uneven surface.

Ans: 3. Abulging-out surface.

Explanation:
In a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place at the bulged-out surface.

Q105. A student very cautiously traces the path of a ray through a glass slab for different values of the angle of 1 Mark
incidence (∠i). He then measures the corresponding values of the angle of refraction (∠r) and the angle of
emergence (∠e) for every value of the angle of incidence. On analysing these measurements of angles, his
conclusion would be
1. ∠i > ∠r > ∠e
2. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
3. ∠i < ∠r < ∠e
4. ∠i = ∠e < ∠r

Ans: 2. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
Explanation:
Since the emergent ray is always parallel to the incident ray, therefore the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of
emergence i.e.,
∠i = ∠e . . . . . (i)

Also, when a light ray travels from rarer to denser medium, it bends towards the normal. Hence
∠i > ∠r . . . . . (ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

∠i = ∠e > ∠r

Hence, the correct answer is ∠i = ∠e > ∠r.

Q106. A student has traced the path of a ray of light through a glass slab as follows. If you are asked to label 1, 2, 3 and 1 Mark
4, the correct sequencing of labeling ∠i, ∠e, ∠r and lateral displacement respectively is

1. 2, 1, 3, 4
2. 1, 2, 3, 4
3. 1, 3, 2, 4
4. 1, 3, 4, 2

Ans: 3. 1, 3, 2, 4

Q107. A student traces the path of a ray of white light through a rectangular glass slab and marks, the 1 Mark
angles of incidence (∠ i), refraction (r) and emergence (e) as shown.
 1. i only
2. i and r
3. i and e
4. r and e

Ans: 3. i and e.
Incident and emergent angles are always measured from the normal of the plane.

Q108. The refractive index of lens flint glass is 1.65 and for alcohol, it is 1.36 with respect to air, then the refractive index 1 Mark
of the dens flint glass with respect to alcohol is:
1. 1.31
2. 1.21
3. 1.11
4. 1.01

Ans: 2. 1.21
Explanation:
Speed of light in air (c)
air n flint glass = Speed of light in flint glass (Vg)
= 1.65

Speed of light in air (c)

air n alcohol = Speed of light alcohol (Val)
= 1.36

Speed of light in alcohol (Val)

alcohol n flint glass = Speed of light in flint glass (Vg)

air n flint glass

= 1

air n alcohol

1.65
= = 1.213
1.36

Q109. A ray of light passes from a medium X to another medium Y. No refraction of light occurs if the ray of light hits the 1 Mark
boundary of medium Y at an angle of:
1. 0°
2. 45°
3. 90°
4. 120°

Ans: 3. 90°
Explanation:
If a ray of light travels along the normal, it is not refracted.

Q110. No matter how far you stand from a mirror, your image appears erect. The mirror is likely to be 1 Mark
1. plane.
2. concave.
3. convex.
4. either plane or convex.

Ans: 4. Either plane or convex.

Q111. Linear magnification produced by a concave mirror may be: 1 Mark

1. Less than 1 or equal to 1.
2. More than 1 or equal than 1.
3. Less than 1, more than 1 or equal to 1.
4. Less than 1 or more than 1.

Ans: 3. Less than 1, more than 1 or equal to 1.

Explanation:
Magnification, m = v

Q112. A student obtained a sharp image of a candle flame placed at the distant end of the laboratory table on a screen 1 Mark
using a concave mirror to determine its focal length. The teacher suggested him to focus a distant building about
1 km far from the laboratory, for getting more correct value of the focal length. In order to focus the distant
building on the same screen the student should slightly move the:
1. Mirror away from the screen.
 2. Screen away from the mirror.
3. Screen towards the mirror.
4. Screen towards the building.

Ans: 3. Screen towards the mirror.

Explanation:
The object, i.e., the distant building is at a distance of 1 km from the laboratory. That is, for the concave mirror, the building (object) is
at infinity. In order to obtain a sharp image of the building, the student must slightly move the screen towards the mirror.

Q113. The focal length of a spherical mirror of radius of curvature 30cm is: 1 Mark
1. 10cm
2. 15cm
3. 20cm
4. 30cm

Ans: 2. 15cm
Explanation:
The focal length of a spherical mirror is half of its radius of curvature.

Q114. A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror making an angle of 90° with the mirror surface. The angle of reflection 1 Mark
for this ray of light will be:
1. 45°
2. 90°
3. 0°
4. 60°

Ans: 3. 0°
Explanation:
Angle of incidence = 0°
According to the first law of reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Q115. Under which of the following conditions a concave mirror can form an image larger than the actual object? 1 Mark
1. When the object is kept at a distance equal to its radius of curvature.
2. When object is kept at a distance less than its focal length.
3. When object is placed between the focus and centre of curvature.
4. When object is kept at a distance greater than its radius of curvature.

Ans: 3. When object is placed between the focus and centre of curvature.
Explanation: A concave mirror can form an image larger than the actual object when the object is placed between the focus and
centre of curvature.
Image formation is shown below, where object (AB) is placed between the focus and centre of curvature for which image (A’B’) is
obtained behind the mirror.

Q116. After tracing the path of rays of light through a glass slab for three different angles of incidence, a student 1 Mark
measured the corresponding values angle of refraction r and angle of emergence e and recorded them in the
table given below:
S. No. ∠ i ∠ i ∠θ

I 30
0
20
0
31
0

II 40
0
25
0
40
0

III 50
0
31
0
49
0

The correct observations are:

1. I and II
 2. II and III
3. I and III
4. I, II and III

Ans: 4. I, II and III.

​Explanation:
In a glass slab refraction: angle of incidence (i) = angle of emergence (e) Since here in all cases angle of incidence (i) is nearly equal to
the angle of emergence (e), so all the values are correct.

Q117. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at an angle incidence as shown in figure. The 1 Mark
reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90 with each other. The angles of reflection and refraction and r and
r’. The critical angle is

1. sin-1 (tan r)
2. sin-1 (tan i)
3. sin-1 (tan r1)
4. tan-1(tan i)

Ans: 1. sin-1 (tan r)

Explanation:
According to snell's law μ = sin r'

sin i
∘
sin(90 −r)
(buti = r) =
sin r
cos r
=
sin r
1
=
tan r
1
μ =
sin ic

⇒ sin ic = tan r

−1
ic = sin (tan r)

Q118. Select from the following the best set-up for tracing the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab: 1 Mark

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 1. I.

Q119. An optical device has been given to a student and he determines its focal length by focusing the image of the sun 1 Mark
on a screen placed 24cm from the device on the same side as the sun. Select the correct statement about the
device.
1. Convex mirror of focal length 12cm.
2. Convex lens of focal length 24cm.
3. Concave mirror of focal length 24cm.
 4. Convex lens of focal length 12cm.

Ans: 3. Concave mirror of focal length 24cm.

Q120. A teacher sets up the stand carrying a convex lens of focal length 15 cm at 42.7 cm mark on the optical bench. He 1 Mark
asks four students A, B, C and D to suggest the position of screen on the optical bench so that a distinct image of
a distant tree is obtained almost immediately on it. The positions suggested by the students were as:
1. 12.7 cm.
2. 29.7 cm.
3. 57.7 cm.
4. 72.7 cm.

The correct position of the screen was suggested by.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Ans: 3. C
Explanation:
A ray comes from infinity, after refraction through a convex lens, meet at the second principal focus. So, screen should be placed at
the second principal focus of a convex lens. e.g., screen should be placed at 15cm from the pole of convex lens.
Now, the position of the screen on the optical bench = distance between screen from the pole of convex lens + distance of optical
bench from the pole of convex lens {as you can see in attachment}
= 15cm + 42.7cm
= 57.7cm
Hence, option (C) is correct.

Q121. The power of a lens is +2.0D. Its focal length should be: 1 Mark
1. 100cm
2. 50cm
3. 25cm
4. 40cm

Ans: 2. 50cm
Explanation:
1
Focal length =
Power
1
= = 0.5m = 50cm
2.0

Q122. According to New Cartesian Sign Convention: 1 Mark

1. Focal length of concave mirror is positive and that of convex mirror is negative.
2. Focal length of both concave and convex mirrors is positive.
3. Focal length of both concave and convex mirrors is negative.
4. Focal length of concave mirror is negative and that of convex mirror is positive.

Ans: 4. The focal length of a concave mirror is negative and that of a convex mirror is positive.
Explanation:
This is because the focus of a concave mirror is in front of the mirror, on the left side, and the focus of a convex mirror is behind the
mirror, on the right side.

Q123. The image formed by a spherical mirror is virtual. The mirror will be: 1 Mark
1. Concave.
2. Convex.
3. Either concave or convex.
4. Metallic.

Ans: 2. Convex.
Explanation:
A convex mirror always forms a virtual image.
Q124. A small bulb is placed at the focal point of a converging lens. When the bulb is switched on, the lens produces: 1 Mark
1. A convergent beam of light.
2. A divergent beam of light.
3. A parallel beam of light.
4. A patch of coloured light.

Ans: 3. A parallel beam of light

Explanation:
The reason being, a beam of light coming from the focus of a converging lens becomes parallel, after refraction from the lens.

Q125. In an experiment to trace the path of a ray of light through a triangular glass prism, a student would observe that 1 Mark
the emergent ray.
1. Is parallel to the incident ray.incident ray.
2. Is along the same direction of incident ray.
3. Gets deviated and bends towards the thinner part of the prism.
4. Gets deviated and bends towards the thicker part (base) of the prism.

Ans: 4. Gets deviated and bends towards the thicker part (base) of the prism.
Explanation:
If the refractive index of the medium (dispersing medium in our case "glass") through which the light passes during dispersion is
greater than the medium through which the light enters (in our case "air") the dispersing medium, then the net deviation in the path
of light is always towards the thicker part of the prism.
Thus option (4) is correct.

Q126. A burning candle whose flame is 1.5cm tall is placed at a certain distance in front of a convex lens. An image of 1 Mark
candle flame is received on a white screen kept behind the lens. The image of flame also measures 1.5cm. If f is
the focal length of convex lens, the candle is placed:
1. At f.
2. Between f and 2f.
3. At 2f.
4. Beyond 2f.

Ans: 3. At 2f.
Explanation:
This is because a convex lens produces an image of the same size as the object when the object is placed at 2f.

Q127. The refractive index of glass for light going from air to glass is The refractive index for light going from glass to 1 Mark
3
.
2

air will be:

1. 1

2. 4

3. 4

4. 5

Ans: 3. 4

Explanation:
Refractive index of material 2 with respect to material 1 is given by:
1 n2

Speed of light in medium 1

1 n2 =
Speed of light in medium 2

By the same argument, refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2 is given by:
Speed of light in medium 2 1
1 n2 = =
Speed of light in medium 1 1 n2

therefore, 2n1 Will be

2 1
1 n2 is , 3
3
( )
2

Therefore, refractive index of light going from glass to air will be

4

Q128. The power of a concave lens is 10D and that of a convex lens is 6D. When these two lenses are placed in contact 1 Mark
with each other, the power of their combination will be:
1. +16D
 2. +4D
3. -16D
4. -4D

Ans: 4. -4D
Explanation:
The powers of the lenses add up when brought in contact.
So, net power = +6D + (-10D) = -4D

Q129. Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in a dictionary? 1 Mark
1. A convex lens of focal length 50 cm.
2. A concave lens of focal length 50 cm.
3. A convex lens of focal length 5 cm.
4. A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.

Ans: 3. A convex lens of focal length 5 cm.

Q130. To find the focal length of a concave mirror, Sita should choose which one of the following set-ups? 1 Mark
1. A mirror holder and a screen holder.
2. A screen holder and a scale.
3. A mirror holder, a screen holder and a scale.
4. A screen, a mirror, holders for them and a scale.

Ans: 4. A screen, a mirror, holders for them and a scale.

Q131. The refractive indices of four materials A, B, C and D are 1.33, 1.43, 1.71 and 1.52 respectively. When the light 1 Mark
rays pass from air into these materials, they refract the maximum in:
1. Material A.
2. Material B.
3. Material C.
4. Material D.

Ans: 3. Material C.
Explanation:
The refraction in a material depends on its refractive index. Refractive index is calculated by
sin i

sin r

This ratio is maximum for material C therefore, it produces maximum refraction.

Q132. A student obtained a sharp image of a burning candle, placed at the farther end of a laboratory table, on a screen 1 Mark
using a concave mirror. For getting better value of focal length of the mirror, the subject teacher suggested him
for focusing a well illuminated distant object. What should the student do?
1. He should move the mirror away from the screen.
2. He should move the mirror slightly towards the screen.
3. He should move the mirror as well as the screen towards the newly selected object.
4. He should move only the screen towards the newly selected object.

Ans: 2. He should move the mirror slightly towards the screen.

​Explanation:
As the subject teacher suggested the student for focusing a will illuminated distant object, the image distance is increased. Due to this
the object distance would decrease and thus the distance between the mirror and the screen should be decreased. Therefore, the
mirror should be moved slightly towards the screen.

Q133. An object is place placed at a distance of half the focal length of a convex lens. The Image will be: 1 Mark
1. At 2F, virtual and erect.
2. At F, virtual and double in size.
3. Beyond 2F, real inverted.
4. At F, real inverted.

Ans: 1. At 2F, virtual and erect.

Explanation:
 When an object is placed at a distance further than the focal distance of a convex lens, light rays originating from any point on
the object will be refracted by the lens such that they will form a real but inverted image of the object on the opposite side of
the lens.

Q134. When sunlight is concentrated on a piece of paper by a spherical mirror or lens, then a hole can be burnt in it. For 1 Mark
doing this, the paper must be placed at he focus of:
1. Either a convex mirror or convex lens.
2. Either a concave mirror or concave lens.
3. Either a concave mirror or convex lens.
4. Either a convex mirror or concave lens.

Ans: 3. Either a concave mirror or convex lens.

Explanation:
Both a concave mirror and a convex lens focus parallel light beams coming from a distant object onto the focus.

Q135. Linear magnification (m) produced by a rear view mirror fitted in vehicles: 1 Mark
1. Is equal to one.
2. Is less than one.
3. Is more than one.
4. In be more less than one depending on the position of object.

Ans: 2. Is less than one.

Explanation:
Linear magnification (m) produced by a rear view mirror, installed in vehicles, is less than one.

Q136. A perfecting reflecting mirror has an area of 1cm2. Light energy is allowed to fall on it for an hour at the rate of 1 Mark
10cm-2. The force that acts on the mirror is:
1. N-73.35×10
2. N-76.7×10
3. N-83.35×10
4. 6.7×10-8N

Ans: 4. 6.7×10-8N
Explanation:
Given,
Area of the mirror = 1cm2,
Power transmitted to the mirror = 10cm-2,
Calculations:
△p
The average force is given by △t
,

Since the surface is perfectly reflecting we can write △p = 2 △t

So,
△E p
f = 2( ) = 2
c△t c

4 −4
10×10 ×1×10
= 2. 8
3×10
20 −8
× 10 N
3
−8
= 6.7 × 10 N

Q137. The refractive index of water is: 1 Mark

1. 1.33
2. 1.50
3. 2.42
4. 1.36

Ans: 1. 1.33
Explanation:
Velocity of light in water = 225,563,010m/ s
Velocity of light in air = 300,000,000m/ s
Velocity of light in air
Refractive index =
Velocity of light in water
 300,000,000
Refractive index =
225,563,010

Refractive index = 1.33

Q138. Four students showed the following traces of the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab. 1 Mark
The trace most likely to be correct is that of student:
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 3. III.

Q139. In order to obtain a magnification of, −1.5 with a concave mirror of focal length 16cm, the object will have to be 1 Mark
placed at a distance.
1. Between 6cm and 16cm
2. Between 32cm and 16cm
3. Between 48cm and 32cm
4. Beyond 64cm

Ans: 2. Between 32cm and 16cm

Explanation:
To obtain a magnification of -1.5, the object needs to be placed between the focus and the centre of curvature.

Q140. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a concave mirror as shown in Figure? 1 Mark

1. Fig. A
2. Fig. B
3. Fig. C
4. Fig. D

Ans: 4. Fig. D
Explanation: Any ray of light parallel to the principal axis passes through the focus (F) after reflecting from the concave mirror.

Q141. To determine the focal length of a convex lens by obtaining a sharp image of a distant object, the following steps 1 Mark
were suggested which are not in proper sequence:
1. Hold the lens between the object and the screen.
2. Adjust the position of the lens to form sharp image.
3. Select a suitable distant object.
4. Measure the distance between the lens and the screen.

The correct sequence of steps to determine the focal length of the lens is:
1. III, I, II, IV
2. III, I, IV, II
3. III, IV, II, I
4. I, II, III, IV

Ans: 1. III, I, II, IV.

Q142. To obtain a magnification of, -0.5 with a convex lens, the object should be placed: 1 Mark
1. At F
2. Between optical centre and F.
3. Between F and 2F.
4. Beyond 2F.

Ans: 4. Beyond 2F.

 Explanation:
Since the magnification is negative and less than 1, the image formed is real, inverted and diminished. Therefore, the object should be
placed beyond 2F.

Q143. Magnification produced by a convex mirror is always: 1 Mark

1. More than 1.
2. Less than 1.
3. Equal to 1.
4. More or less than 1.

Ans: 2. Less than 1.

Explanation:
Magnification produced by a convex mirror is always less than 1. This is because the size of the image formed by a convex mirror is
smaller than the object.

Q144. Beams of light are incident through the holes A and B and emerge out of box through the holes C and D 1 Mark
respectively as shown in the Figure. Which of the following could be inside the box?

1. A rectangular glass slab.

2. A convex lens.
3. A concave lens.
4. A prism.

Ans: 1. A rectangular glass slab.

Explanation: In this case, incident rays fall perpendicularly on the point of incidence. A rectangular glass slab would refract and then
re-refract it.

Q145. He then measures the corresponding values of the angle of (∠i).A student very cautiously traces the path of a 1 Mark
ray through a glass slab for different values of the angle of incidence refraction (∠r). and the angle of emergence
(∠e). for every value of the angle of incidence. On analysing these measurements of angles, his conclusion would

be.
1. ∠i > ∠r > ∠e
2. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
3. ∠i < ∠r < ∠e
4. ∠i = ∠e < ∠r

Ans: 2. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
​Explanation:
Since the emergent ray is always parallel to the incident ray, therefore the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of
emergence i.e.,
∠i = ∠e . . . . . (i)

Also, when a light ray travels from rarer to denser medium, it bends towards the normal. Hence
∠i > ∠r . . . . . (ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

∠i = ∠e > ∠r

Hence, the correct answer is ∠i = ∠e > ∠r.

Q146. A student traces the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab and marks the angle of 1 Mark
incidence i, angle of refraction r and angle of emergence e, as shown.
 The correctly marked angle(s) is/are:
1. ∠ i only.
2. ∠ e only.
3. ∠ r only.
4. ∠ i and ∠ e.

Ans: 3. ∠ r only.

Q147. An object is placed at a distance of 20cm in front of concave mirror of focal length 10cm. The image produced is: 1 Mark
1. Real, inverted and diminished.
2. Real, inverted and enlarged.
3. Real, inverted and same size.
4. Virtual, erect and enlarged.

Ans: 3. Real, inverted and same size.

Explanation:
Concave mirror
u = −20

f = −10
1 1 1
= +
f v u

1 1 1
= +
−10 v −20
1 1 1
= −
v 20 10
1 2
= 1 −
v 20
1 1
= −
v 20

v = −20

Image is formed 20cm from the pole in front of the lens nature:
v
m = −
u
(−20)
= −
−20

= −1

So the image is real, inverted and same size image.

Q148. A student has obtained the image of a distant object with a concave mirror to determine its focal length. If he has 1 Mark
selected a well illuminated red building as object, which of the following correctly describes the features of the
image formed?
1. Virtual, inverted, diminished image in red shade.
2. Real, erect, diminished image in pink shade.
3. Real, inverted, diminished image in red shade.
4. Virtual, erect, enlarged image in red shade.

Ans: 3. Real, inverted, diminished image in red shade.

​Explanation:
To measure the focal length of the mirror, the object should be taken at infinity. Therefore, the image formed by the concave mirror
would be real, inverted, diminished and red in shade.
Hence, the correct option is C.

Q149. An object is placed f and 2f of a convex lens. Which of the following statements correctly describes its image 1 Mark
1. Real, larger than the object.
2. Erect, smaller than the object.
3. Inverted, same size as object.
4. Virtual, larger than the object.

Ans: 3. Real, larger than the object.

Explanation:
The reason being, the image of an object placed between f and 2f of a convex lens is real, inverted and magnified.

Q150. In the following diagram the correctly marked angles are: 1 Mark
 1. ∠ A and ∠ e
2. ∠ i, ∠ A and ∠ D
3. ∠ A, ∠ r and ∠ e
4. ∠ A, ∠ r and ∠ D

Ans: 1. ∠ A and ∠ e
​Explanation:
The correctly marked angles in the given figure are the angle of prism (A) and the angle of incidence (i).
All the angles are correctly marked in the figure shown below.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Q151. A student has obtained an image of a distant object on a screen to determine the focal length F1 of the given lens. 1 Mark
His teacher after checking the image, gave him another lens of focal length F2 and asked to focus the same object
on the same screen. The student found that to obtain a sharp image he has to move the lens away from the
screen. From this finding we may conclude that both the lenses given to the student were:
1. Concave and F < F 1 2

2. Convex and F < F1 2

3. Convex and F > F1 2

4. Concave and F > F 1 2

Ans: 3. Convex and F1 > F2

​Explanation:
The lens is convex, as it forms real image. As mentioned in the second case, the image distance (v) is increasing; hence, the object
distance (u) is decreasing. The lens formula is 1/ F=1/ v-1/ u ⇒ F = uv/ u - v For convex lens, object distance = -u Image distance = +v ⇒
F = uv/ u + v where F is the focal length of the lens. Therefore, F is lesser for the second lens of focal length F2. Hence, F​1 > F2 Hence,
the correct option is C.

Q152. Three students A, B and C focussed a distant building on a screen with the help of a concave mirror. To determine 1 Mark
focal length of the concave mirror they measured the distances as given below:
Student A : From mirror to the screen.
Student B : From building to the screen.
Student C : From building to the mirror.
Who measured the focal length correctly:
1. Only A
2. Only B
3. A and B
4. B and C

Ans: 1. Only A
​Explanation:
A concave mirror always forms the image of a distant object at its focus. In the given case the distance between the mirror and the
screen is equal to the focal length of the mirror. Thus, the student A measures the focal length correctly.

Q153. When a ray of light travelling in glass enters into water obliquely: 1 Mark
1. It is refracted towards the normal.
2. It is not refracted at all.
3. It goes along the normal.
 4. It is refracted away from the normal.

Ans: 4. It is refracted away from the normal.

Explanation:
Because if a ray of light goes form a denser medium (glass) to a rarer medium (water), it bends away from the normal.

Q154. A student traces the path of a ray of light through a triangular glass prism for different values of angle of 1 Mark
incidence. On analysing the ray diagrams, which one of the following conclusions is he likely to draw?
1. The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray.
2. The emergent ray bends at an angle to the direction of the incident ray.
3. The emergent ray and the refracted ray are at right angles to each other.
4. The emergent ray is perpendicular to the incident ray.

Ans: 2. The emergent ray bends at an angle to the direction of the incident ray.
Explanation:
In refraction of light through a glass prism, there is deviation or change in the path of light passing through the prism.

Q155. A concave mirror produces magnification of +4. The object is placed: 1 Mark
1. At the focus.
2. Between focus and centre of curvature.
3. Between focus and pole.
4. Between the centre of curvature.

Ans: 3. Between focus and pole.

Explanation:
A concave mirror produces a magnification of +4 when the object is placed between the focus and the pole.

Q156. A convex lens of focal length 10cm is placed in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20cm. The focal length 1 Mark
of this combination of lenses will be:
1. +10cm
2. +20cm
3. -10cm
4. -20cm

Ans: 2. +20cm
Explanation:
We know that,
1
Power(P) =
Focal length

Therefore,
Power of convex lens P 1 =
1

10cm
=
1

0.1m
= +10D

Power of convex lens P 2 =

1

−20cm
=
0.2m
1
= −5D

Q157. Study the given ray diagrams and select the correct statement from the following: 1 Mark

1. Device X is a concave mirror and device Y is a convex lens, whose focal lengths are 20 cm and 25 cm
respectively.
2. Device X is a convex lens and device Y is a concave mirror, whose focal lengths are 10 cm and 25 cm
respectively.
3. Device X is a concave lens and device Y is a convex mirror, whose focal lengths are 20 cm and 25 cm
respectively.
4. Device X is a convex lens and device Y is a concave mirror, whose focal lengths are 20 cm and 25 cm
respectively.

Ans: 4. Device X is a convex lens and device Y is a concave mirror, whose focal lengths are 20 cm and 25 cm respectively.
 ​Explanation:
From the given figures we can conclude that the device X is a convex lens as it converges the rays and the device Y is a concave mirror
as it also converges the rays but in the same side of the mirror. Their focal lengths are 20 cm and 25 cm respectively Regards.

Q158. If an object is placed 21cm from a converging lens, the image formed is slightly smaller than the object. If the 1 Mark
object is placed 19cm from the lens, the image formed is slightly larger than object. The approximate focal length
of the lens is:
1. 5cm
2. 10cm
3. 18cm
4. 20cm

Ans: 2. 10cm
Explanation:
We know that a converging lens forms an image of same size as object when object is placed at a distance of 2f from the lens. It is
given that the image is smaller than the object if object is kept at a distance of 21cm. Similarly, the image is bigger than the object if
object is kept at a distance of 19cm. Therefore, at 20cm, the distance should be 2f. This means that the focal length is approximately
10cm.

Q159. In case refraction of light through a glass slab: 1 Mark

1. Angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction.
2. Angle of refraction is equal to angle of emergence.
3. Incident ray is parallel to emergent ray.
4. Incident ray is parallel to refracted ray.

Ans: 3. Incident ray is parallel to emergent ray.

Explanation:
The incident ray and the emergent ray are parallel to each other. The light ray enters the slab from air which is why it bends towards
the normal. In the case of emergent ray, the same refracted ray exits the slab into air, hence moving away from the normal. If we
produce the incident ray, we can find that it is parallel to the emergent ray.

Q160. Study the following figure in which a student has marked the angle of incidence (∠i), angle of refraction (∠r), 1 Mark
angle of emergence (∠e), angle of prism (∠A) and the angle of deviation (∠D). The correctly marked angles are:

1. ∠A and ∠i.
2. ∠A, ∠i and ∠r.
3. ∠A, ∠i, ∠e and ∠D.
4. ∠A, ∠i, ∠r and ∠D.

Ans: a. ∠A and ∠i.

Q161. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm produces a magnification of +4. The object is placed: 1 Mark
1. At a distance of 15cm.
2. Between 15cm and 30cm.
3. At less than 15cm.
4. Beyond 30cm.

Ans: 3. At less than 15cm.

Explanation:
A convex lens forms a virtual, erect and magnified image when an object is placed within the focus.

Q162. Suppose you have focused on a screen the image of candle flame placed at the farthest end of the laboratory 1 Mark
table using a convex lens. If your teacher suggests you to focus the parallel rays of the sun, reaching your
laboratory table, on the same screen, what you are expected to do is to move the:
1. Lens slightly towards the screen.
 2. Lens slightly away from the screen.
3. Lens slightly towards the sun.
4. Lens and screen both towards the sun.

Ans: 1. Lens slightly towards the screen.

Explanation:
In the case of candle flame, the object is placed beyond c, which means the image is formed or focused between c and f. in second
case, the object or sun is at infinity, so the image will be formed at focus. This means that the distance between image and lens has
decreased in the second case. Either we have to the screen towards the lens or the lens towards the screen.

Q163. In order to obtain a magnification of, -3 (minus 3) with a convex lens, the object should be placed: 1 Mark
1. Between optical centre and F.
2. Between F and 2F.
3. At 2F.
4. Beyond 2F.

Ans: 2. Between F and 2F.

Explanation:
In the case of a convex lens, for an object placed between F and 2F, the image formed will be real, inverted and enlarged.

Q164. The focal length of a small concave mirror is 2.5cm. In order to use this concave mirror as a dentist's mirror, the 1 Mark
distance of tooth from the mirror should be:
1. 2.5cm
2. 1.5cm
3. 4.5cm
4. 3.5cm

Ans: 2. 1.5cm
Explanation:
When an object is placed between the pole and the focus of a concave mirror, an enlarged image is formed.

Q165. In order to obtain a magnification of −2 (minus 2) with a concave mirror, the object should be placed: 1 Mark
1. Between pole and focus.
2. Between focus and centre of curvature.
3. At the centre of curvature.
4. Beyond the centre of curvature.

Ans: 2. Between focus and centre of curvature.

Explanation:
In order to obtain a magnification of −2 (minus 2) with a concave mirror, the object should be placed between the focus and
the centre of curvature.

Q166. The refractive index of water with respect to air is 4

3
. The refractive index of air with respect to water will be: 1 Mark
1. 1.75
2. 0.50
3. 0.75
4. 0.25

Ans: 3. 0.75
Explanation:
Refractive index of air with respect to water = 1

Refractive index of water with respect to air

Refractive index of air with respect to water =

3
= 0.75
4

Q167. To determine the approximate value of the focal length of a given concave mirror, you focus the image of a 1 Mark
distant object formed by the mirror on a screen. The image obtained on the screen, as compared to the object is
always:
1. Laterally inverted and diminished.
2. Inverted and diminished.
3. Erect and diminished.
 4. Erect and highly diminished.

Ans: 2. Inverted and diminished.

Explanation:
The rays from a distant object (from infinity) always converge at the focus of the mirror. So the position of the screen in this case will
give the location of the focus and the distance of screen from the pole of the mirror will give the focal length of the mirror. Also the
image formed in such a case is real, inverted and diminished, so the correct answer is real, inverted and diminished.

Q168. A teacher sets up the stand carrying a convex lens of focal length 15cm at 42.7cm mark on the optical bench. He 1 Mark
asks four students A, B, C and D to suggest the position of screen on the optical bench so that a distinct image of
a distant tree is obtained almost immediately on it. The positions suggested by the students were as:
1. 12.7cm.
2. 29.7cm.
3. 57.7cm.
4. 72.7cm.

The correct position of the screen was suggested by.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Ans: 3. C
Explanation:
A ray comes from infinity, after refraction through a convex lens, meet at the second principal focus. So, screen should be placed at
the second principal focus of a convex lens. e.g., screen should be placed at 15cm from the pole of convex lens.
Now, the position of the screen on the optical bench = distance between screen from the pole of convex lens + distance of optical
bench from the pole of convex lens {as you can see in attachment}
= 15cm + 42.7cm
= 57.7cm
Hence, option (C) is correct.

Q169. A student was asked by his teacher to find the image distance for various object distances in case of a given 1 Mark
convex lens. He performed the experiment with all precautions and noted down his observations in the following
table:
S. No. Object distance (cm) Image distance (cm)
1 60 15
2 48 16
3 36 21
4 24 24
5 18 36
6 16 48
After checking the observation table the teacher pointed out that there is mistake in recording the image distance
in one of the observation. Find the serial number of the observation having faulty image distance:
1. 2
2. 3
3. 5
4. 6

Ans: 2. 3
​Explanation:
The correct option is B.
In observation No. 3 the focal length comes out to be 13.26cm whereas, the focal length for all other observation is 12cm.

Q170. A spherical mirror and a spherical lens each have a focal length of, -15cm. The mirror and the lens are likely to be: 1 Mark
1. Both concave.
2. Both convex.
3. The mirror is concave but the lens is convex.
4. The mirror is convex but the lens is concave.
Ans: 1. Both concave.
Explanation:
According to the sign convention, the focal length for both a concave mirror and a concave lens is negative.

Q171. After tracing the path of a ray of light through a glass prism a student marked the angle of incidence (∠i), angle of 1 Mark
refraction (∠r), angle of emergence (∠e) and the angle of deviation (∠D) as shown in the diagram. The correctly
marked angles are:

1. ∠i and ∠r.
2. ∠i and ∠e.
3. ∠i, ∠e and ∠D.
4. ∠i, ∠r and ∠e.

Ans: B. ∠i and ∠e.

Q172. A spherical mirror to be made from a cut portion of: 1 Mark

1. Hollow sphere of glass.
2. Solid sphere of plastic.
3. Solid sphere of glass.
4. Hollow sphere of metal.

Ans: 1. Hollow sphere of glass.

Explanation:
A spherical mirror is a mirror which has the shape of a piece cut out of a spherical surface. There are two types of spherical mirrors:
concave, and convex. These are illustrated. The most commonly occurring examples of concave mirrors are shaving mirrors and
makeup mirrors.

Q173. A boy is standing in front of and close to a special mirror. He finds the image of his head bigger than normal, the 1 Mark
middle part of his body of the same size, and his legs smaller than normal. The special mirror is made up of three
types of mirrors in the following order from top downwards:
1. Convex, Plane, Concave.
2. Plane, Convex, Concave.
3. Concave, Plane, Convex.
4. Convex, Concave, Plane.

Ans: 3. Concave, Plane, Convex.

Explanation:
Concave: A concave mirror forms an image larger than the object.
Plane: A convex mirror forms an image smaller than the object.
Convex: A plane mirror forms an image similar to the size of the object.

Q174. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a lens shown in Fig.? 1 Mark

1. Fig. A
2. Fig. B
3. Fig. C
4. Fig. D
Ans: 1. Fig. A
Explanation: In convex lens, the incident ray passing through F goes parallel to the principal axis after refraction.

Q175. A thick plane-convex lens made of crown glass (refractive index 1.5) has thickness of 3cm at its centre. 1 Mark

An ink mark made at the centre of its plane face, when viewed normal through the curved face, appears to be at
a distance x from the curved face. Then, x is equal to:
1. 2cm
2. 2.1cm
3. 2.3cm
4. 2.5cm

Ans: 4. 2.5cm
Explanation:
The ray of light from the object O (ink mark) gets refracted at the interface between lens and air and therefore appears to start from
the point I (Fig).
So, I is the refracted image of the object O. The object distance 'u' is PO and the image distance ‘v’ is PI. [P is the pole of the spherical
surface].
We have,
n2 n1 (n2 −n1 )
− =
v u R

(1−1.5)
so that 1 1.5
− =
v (−3) (−5)

Note that we did not bother about the sign of the unknown quantity ‘v’. [In this problem we could have put negative sign for ‘v’ since
the image I is on the same side as the object. Since we don’t apply sign to the unknown quantity ‘v’, we will obtain a negative value
for ‘v’ on solving the problem]. The sign of ‘u’ is negative in accordance with the Cartesian convention. Since the incident ray is
encountering a concave surface the radius of curvature is negative, in accordance with the convention.
Rearranging the above equation,
we obtain = 1

v
−
0.5

5
1.5

3
−6
=
15

from which v = −2.5cm

Then the image will appear at distance of 2.5cm from the plane surface of the mirror.

Q176. A convex lens: 1 Mark

1. Diverge light ray.
2. Converge light ray.
3. Always forms virtual image.
4. Always forms a real image.

Ans: 2. Converge light ray.

Explanation:
A convex lens is a converging lens. When parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point
called the principal focus.

Q177. Which of the following can form a virtual image which is always smaller than the object? 1 Mark
1. A plane mirror.
2. A convex lens.
3. A concave lens.
4. A concave mirror.
Ans: 3. A concave lens.
Explanation:
A concave lens always forms a virtual image, smaller than the size of the object.

Q178. Rays from Sun converge at a point 15cm in front of a concave mirror. Where should an object be placed so that 1 Mark
size of its image is equal to the size of the object?
1. 15cm in front of the mirror.
2. 30cm in front of the mirror.
3. Between 15cm and 30cm in front of the mirror.
4. More than 30cm in front of the mirror in front of the mirror.

Ans: 2. 30cm in front of the mirror.

Explanation:
Sun is at infinite distance from the surface of the earth. Now light rays from sun rays after reflection from concave mirror will
converge at focus.
It is given that sun rays converge at 15cm.
So, focal length of the mirror = f = 15cm.
In case of a concave mirror, the size of image and object will be same if the object is placed at 2f.
Hence, in this case object must be place at 2f or 2 × 15 = 30cm.

Q179. A student traces the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab for four different angles of incidence. 1 Mark
He very cautiously measures the angle f, angle r and the angle e. On analysing his measurements, he is likely to
draw the following conclusion:
1. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
2. ∠i > ∠r > ∠e
3. ∠i = Zr < Ze
4. ∠i = ∠e < ∠r

Ans: 1. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
​Explanation:
Since the emergent ray is always parallel to the incident ray, therefore the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of
emergence i.e.
∠i = ∠e . . . . . (i)

Also, when a light ray travels from rarer to denser medium, it bends towards the normal. Hence
∠i > ∠r . . . . . (ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

∠i = ∠e > ∠r

Hence, the correct answer is ∠i = ∠e > ∠r

Q180. A virtual, erect and magnified image of an object is to be obtained with a convex lens. For this purpose,the object 1 Mark
should be placed:
1. Between 2F and infinity.
2. Between F and optical centre.
3. Between F and 2F.
4. At F.

Ans: 2. Between F and optical centre.

Explanation:
When an object is placed between F and the optical centre, the image of the object formed by convex lens is virtual, erect and
magnified.

Q181. A diverging lens is used in: 1 Mark

1. A magnifying glass.
2. A car to see objects on rear side.
3. Spectacles for the correction of short sight.
4. A simple camera.

Ans: 3. Spectacles for the correction of short sight.

Explanation:
 A diverging lens is used in spectacles to correct short-sightedness.

Q182. The refractive indices of four substance P, Q, R and S are 1.50, 1.36, 1.77 and 1.31 respectively. The speed of light 1 Mark
is the maximum in the substance:
1. P
2. Q
3. R
4. S

Ans: 4. S
Explanation:
We know that,
Speed of light in air
Refractive index (n) =
Speed of light in a medium

According to this formula, speed of light will be maximum in a substance whose refractive index is minimum.
Therefore, speed of light will be maximum in substance S whose refractive index is 1.31.

Q183. Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from medium A to medium B. Refractive index of the medium B relative to 1 Mark
medium A is:

√3
1.
√2

2.
√2

√3

3.
1

√2

4. √2

Ans: 1. √3

√2
∘

Explanation: n
sin i sin 60
BA = = ∘
sin r sin 45
√3

√3
​
2
= 1
=
√2
√2

Q184. If a magnification of, -1 is to be obtained by using a converging lens of focal length 12cm, then the object must be 1 Mark
placed:
1. Within 12cm.
2. At 24cm.
3. At 6cm.
4. Beyond 24cm.

Ans: 2. At 24cm.
Explanation:
For an object placed at a distance of 2F from a convex lens, the size of the image so formed is equal to the size of the object.

Q185. A student is using a convex lens of focal length 18 cm to study the image formation by it for the various positions 1 Mark
of the object. He observes that when he places the object at 27 cm, the location of the image is at 54 cm on the
other side of the lens. Identify from the following diagram the three rays that are obeying the laws of refraction
and may be used to draw the corresponding ray diagram.

1. 1, 2 and 4
2. 1, 3 and 5
3. 2, 4 and 5
 4. 2, 3 and 4

Ans: 4. 2, 3 and 4.
​Explanation:
Ray 2, 3 and 4 are obeys the laws of refraction.
Ray 2 is parallel to the principal axis and passes through the principal focus after refraction.
Ray 3 passes from the optical centre of the lens and emerges without any deviation.
Ray 4 is passing through the principal focus and after refraction from a convex lens emerges parallel to the principal axis.
Ray 1 and 5 cannot pass through the focus after refraction as they are not parallel to the principal axis.
Ray 2, 3 and 4 are obeys the laws of refraction.
Ray 2 is parallel to the principal axis and passes through the principal focus after refraction.
Ray 3 passes from the optical centre of the lens and emerges without any deviation.
Ray 4 is passing through the principal focus and after refraction from a convex lens emerges parallel to the principal axis.
Ray 1 and 5 cannot pass through the focus after refraction as they are not parallel to the principal axis.

Q186. A diverging lens has a focal length of 0.10m. The power of this lens will be: 1 Mark
1. +10.0D
2. +1.0D
3. -1.0D
4. -10.0D

Ans: 4. -10.0D
Explanation:
Since, power of lens = 1

focal length
=
1

−0.10
= −10.0D

Q187. A student obtains a blurred image of a distant object on a screen using a convex lens. To obtain a distinct image 1 Mark
on the screen he should move the lens.
1. Away from the screen.
2. Towards the screen.
3. To a position very far away from the screen.
4. Either towards or away from the screen depending upon the position of the object.

Ans: 4. Either towards or away from the screen depending upon the position of the object.
Explanation:
The position of object is not known whether it is at infinity or beyond centre of curvature or at centre of curvature of lens. So
depending upon the position of object we have to move the lens away or towards the screen.

Q188. The focal lengths of four convex lenses P, Q, R and S are 20cm, 15cm, 5cm and 10cm, respectively. The lens having 1 Mark
greatest power is:
1. P
2. Q
3. R
4. S

Ans: 3. R
Explanation:
1
Power =
Focal length

Therefore, a lens with a small focal length will have more power.

Q189. The magnification produced by a spherical lens and a spherical mirror is +2.0. 1 Mark
1. The lens and mirror are both concave.
2. The lens and mirror are both convex.
3. The lens is convex but the mirror is concave.
4. The lens is concave but the mirror is convex.

Ans: 3. The lens is convex but the mirror is concave.

Explanation:
Because both concave mirror and convex lens have positive magnification.
Q190. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence:
1. Always. 1 Mark
2. Sometimes.
3. Under special conditions.
4. Never.

Ans: 1. Always.
Explanation:
In accordance with the first law of reflection, which states that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

Q191. A 10mm long awl pin is placed vertically in front of a concave mirror. A 5mm long image of the awl pin is formed 1 Mark
at 30cm in front of the mirror. The focal length of this mirror is:
1. -30cm.
2. -20cm.
3. -40cm.
4. -60cm.

Ans: 2. -20cm.
′

Explanation: m =
h −v
= or
h u

−v×h −(−30cm)×(10mm)
u = ′
=
h −5mm

= −60cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ = + = − − = −
f u v 60 30 20

or f = −20cm. ​

Q192. The refractive index of glass with respect to air is and the refractive index of water with respect to air is The 1 Mark
3 4
.
2 3

refractive index of glass with respect to water will be:

1. 1.525
2. 1.225
3. 1.425
4. 1.125

Ans: 4. 1.125
Explanation:
Refractive index of glass with respect to air
Refractive index of glass with respect to water = Refractive index of water with respect to air
3

2
= 4
= 1.25
3

Q193. The laws of reflection hold good for: 1 Mark

1. Plane mirror only.
2. Concave mirror only.
3. Convex mirror only.
4. All mirrors irrespective of their shape.

Ans: 4. All mirrors irrespective of their shape.

Explanation: The laws of reflection holds good for light reflected form any smooth surface i.e., all mirrors regardless of its shape.

Q194. The steps involved in observing a slide under a microscope are given below. They may not be in proper sequence. 1 Mark
1. Focus the object under high power of the microscope.
2. Place the slide on the stage of the microscope.
3. Arrange the mirror to reflect maximum light to the slide.
4. Focus the object under low power of the microscope.

The proper sequence of steps is:

1. II, III, IV, I
2. I, II, III, IV
3. IV, III, II, I
4. III, I, II, IV

Ans: 1. II, III, IV, I.

Q195. A student has obtained a point image of a distant object using the given convex lens. To find the focal length of 1 Mark
the lens he should measure the distance between the:
1. Lens and the object only.
2. Lens and the screen only.
3. Object and the image only.
4. Lens and the object and also between the object and the image.

Ans: B. Lens and the screen only.

Q196. Out of the five incident rays shown in the figure find the three rays that are obeying the laws of refraction and 1 Mark
may be used for locating the position of image formed by a convex lens:

1. 1,2 and 3
2. 2,3 and 4
3. 3,4 and 5
4. 1,2 and 4

Ans: 2. 2,3 and 4.

Q197. Two big mirrors A and B are fitted side by side on a wall. A man is standing at such a distance from the wall that 1 Mark
he can see the erect image of his face in both the mirrors. When the man starts walking towards the mirrors, he
find that the size of his face in mirror A goes on increasing but that in mirror B remains the same.
1. Mirror A is concave and mirror B is convex.
2. Mirror A is plane and mirror B is concave.
3. Mirror A is concave and mirror B is plane.
4. Mirror A is convex and mirror B is concave.

Ans: 3. Mirror A is concave and mirror B is plane

Explanation:
Image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect and of the same size as the object.Image formed by a concave mirror is virtual, erect
and larger than the object.

Q198. While performing the experiment on tracing the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab, in which of 1 Mark
the following experimental set-ups is a student likely to get best results?
P1 and P2 are the positions of pins fixed by him.

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Ans: 3. III.

Q199. The image formed by a concave mirror is virtual, erect and magnified. The position of object is: 1 Mark
1. At focus.
2. Between focus and centre of curvature.
3. At pole.
4. Between pole and focus
Ans: 2. Between focus and centre of curvature.
Explanation:
The reason being, the image formed by a concave mirror is virtual, erect and magnified. The position of the object is between the
pole and the focus.

Q200. Mohan obtained a sharp inverted image of a distant tree on the screen placed behind the lens. He then moved 1 Mark
the screen and tried to look through the lens in the direction of the object. He would see:
1. A blurred image on the wall of the laboratory.
2. An erect image of the tree on the lens.
3. No image as the screen has been removed.
4. An inverted image of the tree at the focus of the lens.

Ans: 4. An inverted image of the tree at the focus of the lens.

​Explanation:
Correct option is an inverted image of the object at the focus of the lens. We use screen just to show the presence of the image but if
we remove it image will still forms at focus only.

Q201. If you are to determine to focal length of a convex lens, you should have 1 Mark
1. A convex lens and a screen.
2. A convex lens and a lens holder.
3. A lens holder, a screen holder and a scale.
4. A convex lens, a screen, holder for them and a scale.

Ans: 4. A convex lens, a screen, holder for them and a scale.

Q202. In the following ray diagram the correctly marked angle are: 1 Mark

1. ∠i and ∠e
2. ∠A and ∠D
3. ∠i , ∠e and ∠D
4. ∠r , ∠A and ∠D

Ans: 4. ∠r , ∠A and ∠D.

Explanation:
The angle between the normal and the incident ray is the angle of incidence.The angle between the normal and the emergent ray is
the angle of emergence. The correctly marked angles are shown in the diagram below:

Q203. Only one of the following applies to a concave lens. This is: 1 Mark
1. Focal length is positive.
2. Image distance can be positive or negative.
3. Height of image can be positive or negative.
4. Image distance is always negative.

Ans: 4. Image distance is always negative.

Explanation:
Because a concave lens always forms a virtual image on the left side of the lens.

Q204. 1 Mark
 A student obtains a sharp image of the distant window (W) of the school laboratory on the screen (S) using the
given concave mirror (M) to determine its focal length. Which of the following distances should he measure to get
the focal length of the mirror?

1. MW.
2. MS.
3. SW.
4. MW - MS.

Ans: 2. MS.
Explanation:
To get the focal length of the mirror, the student should measure the distance between mirror and screen because when the object is
at infinity, the image is formed at focus i.e. between screen and mirror. So, the distance between screen and mirror should be
measured.

Q205. The image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and of the same size as the object. The position of the 1 Mark
object must then be:
1. At the focus.
2. Between the centre of curvature and focus.
3. At the centre of curvature.
4. Beyond the centre of curvature.

Ans: 3. At the centre of curvature

Explanation:
The reason being, the image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and of the same size as the object. The position of the
object must then be at the centre of curvature.

Q206. If a magnification of, −1 (minus one) is to be obtained by using a converging mirror, then the object has to be 1 Mark
placed:
1. Between pole and focus.
2. At the centre of curvature.
3. Beyond the centre of curvature.
4. At infinity.

Ans: 2. At the centre of curvature.

Explanation:
If a magnification of −1 (minus one) is to be obtained by using a converging mirror, the object needs to be placed at the centre of
curvature so that an image of same size as the object can be formed.

Q207. The power of a converging lens is 4.5D and that of a diverging lens is 3D. The power of this combination of lenses 1 Mark
placed close together is:
1. +1.5D
2. +7.5D
3. -7.5D
4. -1.5D

Ans: 4. -1.5D
Explanation:
Because power of lens adds up when placed in combination.
Therefore, Net power = 4.5D + (-3.0D) = -1.5D

Q208. A student has to determine the focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining the image of a distant object on a 1 Mark
screen. For getting best result he should focus:
1. A distant tree or an electric pole.
 2. A well-illuminated distant building.
3. Well-lit grills of the nearest window.
4. A burning candle laced at the distant edge of the laboratory table.

Ans: 1. A distant tree or an electric pole.

Q209. Large number of thin stripes of black paint are made on the surface of a convex lens of focal length 20cm to catch 1 Mark
the image of a white horse. The image will be:
1. A zebra of black stripes.
2. A horse of black stripes.
3. A horse of less brightness.
4. A zebra of less brightness.

Ans: 1. A zebra of black stripes.

Explanation:
Large number of thin stripes of black paint are made on the surface of a convex lens of focal length a zebra of black stripes.

Q210. A student focussed the Sun rays using an optical device ‘X’ on a screen S as shown. 1 Mark

From this it may be concluded that the device ‘X’ is a (select the correct option)
1. Convex lens of focal length 10cm.
2. Convex lens of radius of curvature 20cm.
3. Convex lens of focal length 20cm.
4. Concave mirror of focal length 20cm.

Ans: 3. Convex lens of focal length 20cm.

​Explanation:
Light rays from infinity are converged at the focal point of the convex lens. Therefore, the focal length of the convex lens is 20cm.
Hence, the correct option is C.

Q211. The figure given alongside shows the image of a clock as seen a plane mirror. The correct time is: 1 Mark
Figure.
1. 2.25
2. 2.35
3. 6.45
4. 9.25

Ans: 4. 9.25
Explanation:
since the image formed by a plane mirror is laterally inverted.

Q212. An object is 0.09m from a magnifying lens and the image is formed 36cm from the lens. The magnification 1 Mark
produced is:
1. 0.4
2. 1.4
3. 4.0
4. 4.5

Ans: 3. 4.0
Explanation:
Magnification is given by,
distance of image from the lens
Magnificatioin(m) =
distance of object from the lens

−36m 36cm
m = = = 4
−0.09m 9cm
Q213. A student used a device (X) to obtain/ focus the image of a well illuminated distant building on a screen (S) as
shown below in the diagram. Select the correct statement about the device (X). 1 Mark

1. This device is a concave lens of focal length 8cm.

2. This device is a convex mirror of focal length 8cm.
3. This device is a convex lens of focal length 4cm.
4. This device is a convex lens of focal length 8cm.

Ans: 4. This device is a convex lens of focal length 8cm.

Explanation:
The incident rays after passing through the lens converge at the focus. So, the device 'X' is a converging or a convex lens. The distance
between the lens and the screen gives the focal length of the lens.

Q214. A lens of focal length 12cm forms an erect image three times the size of the object. The distance between the 1 Mark
object and image is:
1. 8cm
2. 16cm
3. 24cm
4. 36cm

Ans: 2. 16cm
Explanation:
16cm
Given,
Magnification, m = 3
Focal length f = 12cm
Image distance v = ?
Object distance u = ?
We know that,
v
m =
u

Therefore,
v
3 =
u

3u = v

Putting these value in lens formula, we get

1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1
⇒ − =
3u u 12
1−3 1
⇒ =
u 12
−2 1
⇒ =
3u 12

⇒ 3u = −24
−24
⇒ u =
3

⇒ u = −6cm

⇒ v = 3u

⇒ v = −8 × 3

⇒ v = −24cm

Here, minus sign show that image is formed on the left side of the lens.
Distance between image and object = 24 - 8 = 16cm

Q215. A convex mirror of focal length f forms an image of the size of the object. The distance of the object from the 1 Mark
1

th
n

mirror is:
1.
n+1
f
n

2. (n + 1)f
3. (n − 1)f
4. f
n - 1

n
Ans: 3. (n − 1)f
Explanation:
Will use the formula, m = f
. . . (1)
(f-u)

HERE,
1
m = + ;
n

f = +f ; u = –u . (since mirror is convex).

So, using those, equation (1) becomes,
1 f
( ) =
n (f+u)

(f + u) = nf
u = nf – f
u = (n - 1) f.

Q216. A convex lens has a focal length of 10cm. At which of the following position should an object be placed so that 1 Mark
this convex lens may act as a magnifying glass?
1. 15cm
2. 7cm
3. 20cm
4. 25cm

Ans: 1. 7cm
Explanation:
Since the image of an object placed between the focus and the optical centre of a convex lens is enlarged and virtual.

Q217. A lens of power +2D are placed in close contact with each other. The combination will behave like: 1 Mark
1. A convergent lens of focal length 50cm.
2. A convergent lens of focal length 100cm.
3. A convergent lens of focal length 150cm.
4. A divergent lens of focal length 100cm.

Ans: 2. A convergent lens of focal length 100cm.

Explanation:
P1 = 2D
P2 = -1D
Combination power = P1 + P2
= 2 + (-1)
= +1D
net power is positive so it will be convergent.
Combination focal length =
100 100
= = 100cm
P 1

It will behave like a convergent lens of focal length 100cm

Q218. A student is using a convex lens of focal length 10 cm to study the image formation by a convex lens for the 1 Mark
various positions of the object. In one of his observations, he may observe that when the object is placed at a
distance of 20 cm from the lens, its image is formed at (select the correct option):
1. 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and erect.
2. 40 cm on the other side of the lens and is magnified, real and inverted.
3. 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and inverted.
4. 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, virtual and erect.

Ans: 3. 20cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and inverted.
​Explanation:
Given, focal length of the image, f = 10cm.​​
Thus, the object is placed at 2F (2 × 10 = 20cm). Hence, the image is also formed at 2F.
The image will be of same size as that of the object and is real and inverted.
Q219. Whatever be the position of the object, the image formed by a mirror is virtual, erect and smaller than the object. 1 Mark
The mirror then must be:
1. Plane.
2. Concave.
3. Convex.
4. Either concave or convex.

Ans: 3. Convex.
Explanation:
It should be a convex mirror. This is because when an object is in front of a convex mirror, irrespective of its distance, a virtual, erect
and diminished image of the object is obtained.

Q220. Four students A, B, C andDtracedthe paths of incident ray and the emergent ray by fixing pins P and Q for incident 1 Mark
ray and pins R and S for emergent ray for ray of lightpassing through a glass slab.

The correct emergent ray was traced by the student:

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Ans: 2. B.