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STS101 - Finals - Week 15 Learning Material (20230508110106)

This document provides an overview of a course on Science, Technology and Society focusing on genetically modified organisms and gene therapy. It outlines the intended learning outcomes of examining ethical solutions to issues and understanding how technology impacts lives. The learning material covers the history of genetic engineering and modifications from early scientific discoveries to current applications and controversies. Key topics discussed include genetically modified seeds in agriculture, uses of GMOs, gene therapy methods, and ethical concerns regarding cloning and stem cell research.

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Myla Galleros
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43 views3 pages

STS101 - Finals - Week 15 Learning Material (20230508110106)

This document provides an overview of a course on Science, Technology and Society focusing on genetically modified organisms and gene therapy. It outlines the intended learning outcomes of examining ethical solutions to issues and understanding how technology impacts lives. The learning material covers the history of genetic engineering and modifications from early scientific discoveries to current applications and controversies. Key topics discussed include genetically modified seeds in agriculture, uses of GMOs, gene therapy methods, and ethical concerns regarding cloning and stem cell research.

Uploaded by

Myla Galleros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

University of Cabuyao
(Pamantasan ng Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Course Code: STS 101


Course Description: Science, Technology and Soceity

Course Intended Learning Outcomes:


CILO 9. Examine shared concerns that make up the good life in order to come
up with innovative and creative solutions to contemporary issues guided by
ethical standards
CILO 10. Illustrate how the social media and information age impact their lives
and their understanding of climate change.

Learning Material for Week #: 15

I. TITLE: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Gene Therapy

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Identify the uses and effects of GMOs and gene therapy on
society, particularly in the context of health and economy; and
2. Discuss the moral and bioethical questions concerning genetic
engineering.

III. INTRODUCTION
• Genetically Modified Organisms
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are products of artificial
manipulation and alteration of a species’ genetic material in a
laboratory using genetic engineering. Plant, animal, bacteria, and
virus genes may be combined or may be crossbreed to produce
another kind of species that do not naturally occur in the
environment.

IV. BODY
• One of the most controversial issues in science and technology is
the introduction of genetically modified seeds in the agriculture
sector that resulted in the increased crop yield.
• Genetically Modified Seed in Agriculture
Increased crop yield, peer resistance, and other benefits of GMOs
are indeed advantageous, yet there are also disadvantages that
need to be studied comprehensively.
The growing concern with how GMOs may affect consumers’ health
and the environment needs to be addressed.

1. Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering, usually associated with recombinant DNA
technology, is founded on the work of many scientists over the years.
• In 1953, the discovery of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick
opened the gates of the countless possibilities of genetic
engineering.
• In 1973, Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen were the first scientists
to genetically modify an organisms by combining genes from two
different E.coli.
• In 1982, the US Supreme Court ruled to allow the patenting GMOs.

efg/05.02.2023 1
Republic of the Philippines
University of Cabuyao
(Pamantasan ng Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

• This ruling allowed the Exxon Oil company to start using a


microorganisms that can consume oil.
• In 1982, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first
GMO- Humulin, a type of insulin produced using genetically
engineered E. coli bacteria to be available in the market.
• In 1993, FDA approved bovine somatorophin (bST), a metabolic
protein hormone used to increase milk production in dairy cows for
commercial use.
• In 1994, FDA approved the Flavr Savr tomato for sale on grocery
stores. This kind of tomato has a delayed-ripening effect that gives a
longer shelf life compared with natural tomatoes
• In 1995, Bt Potatoes and Corn, and Roundup Ready Soybeans were
approved safe by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
• In 1906, weeds resistant to glyphosate, the herbicide used for many
GMO crops, were detected in Australia.
• Research shows that the super weeds are 7 to 11 times more
resistant to glyphosate that the standard susceptible population.
• In the same year, Dolly, the first cloned animal was born.
• In 1997, a genetically modified papaya in Hawaii was found to be
resistant to the Ring spot virus and produced the Bacillus
thuringiensis toxin, an insecticide that is not harmful to humans.
• In 2000, golden rice was developed in the Philippines to address
Vitamin A deficiency, which is a public issue in Asian countries where
rice is a staple food crop.
• Golden rice is a variety (Oryza sativa) genetically modified to
biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A, in the edible
parts of rice.
• In 2003, a Bt-toxin-resistant caterpillar-cum-moth, Helicoverpa zea
was found feasting on GMO Bt cotton crops in the Southern United
States.
• In 2006, Yorkshire pigs were genetically modified to produce
offspring that produce the enzyme phytase in their saliva to digest
plant phosphorus, unlike that of normal pigs.
• In 2011, a research in eastern Quebec found Bt toxins in the blood
of pregnant women and showed evidence that the toxin could be
passed on to the babies.
• In 2012, French farmer Paul Francois sued Monsato for chemical
poisoning that he claimed was caused by the pesticide Lasso, which
was part of the Roundup Ready line of products. He won the case.
• As early as 2013, corn and poplars were genetically modified and
used to produce biofuel, which is regarded as an efficient substitute
for petroleum products.

2. Gene Therapy
• Gene therapy is a method of inserting genes or nucleic acid into
cells as a drug to treat genetic diseases. In 1972, Theodore
Friedman and Richard Roblin proposed that people with genetic
disorders can be treated by replacing defective DNA with good
DNA.
• In 1985, Dr w. French Anderson and Dr. Michael Blasé worked
together to show that cells of patients with Adenosine Deaminase
(ADA) Deficiency can be corrected in tissue culture.
In 1990, the first approved gene therapy clinical research took place
at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the team of Dr,
efg/05.02.2023 2
Republic of the Philippines
University of Cabuyao
(Pamantasan ng Cabuyao)
College of Education
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

Anderson.
In 1993, the first somatic treatment that produced a permanent
genetic change was performed.
The first commercial gene therapy product Gendicine was approved
in China in 2003 for treatment of cancers.
In 2016, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
(CHMP) of Eurupean Medicines agency (EMA) endorsed the gene
therapy treatment called Strimvelis that was approved by the
European Commission in June 2018.

3. Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering


• Cloning is still unacceptable to many for it violates the belief that only
higher being should be responsible for the existence of organisms
on earth.
• Stem cell therapy has ethical and moral issues as it makes stem cells
use sourced from human embryos and thus destroys them.
• Agroecology is a field of study that presents novel management
approaches on farming systems that may help address the concerns
regarding the effect of GMOs on biodiversity and the health of
consumers.

V. REFERENCES
• Science, Technology, and Society., Quinto E.J., Nieva, A.D.,2019.,
C & E Publishing.Inc.

VI. ACTIVITY / ACTIVITIES


1. Prayer, Recitation of PNC Mission, Vision and Core Values.
2. Review through Short Quiz 1 and 2 through Pinnacle (LMS)
3. Class Discussion with some video clips
4. Class Recitation/ Class Interaction
5. Finals_Homework #1 through Pinnacle (LMS)

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