INTERWORLD COLLEGES FOUNDATION INC.

BURGOS ST., PANIQUI, TARLAC

Project PALM (Parent – Assisted Learning Module)

Subject: MATHEMATICS 9 WEEK NO. 5 Module Duration:

Topic/s: Quadratic Functions
Reference/s: MELC, Next Century Mathematics 9 and Math & Beyond 9
Learning Objectives: At the end of this module, each learner should be able to;
• Give the model real-life situation using quadratic functions.
• Represent a quadratic function using: (a) table of values, (b) graph and (c)equation.

Lesson 5. Equations of Quadratic Functions and Mathematical Model

Introduction

In solving a pattern about real world, a mathematical model is set up and important
mathematical tool, such as concepts, laws, theorem and postulates are applied. The mathematical
model will help explain some complexities of various daily activities.

Study the following example.

1. A toy rocket is fired into the air from the top of a barn. Its height (h) above the ground in yards
after t seconds is given by the function ℎ(𝑡) = −5𝑡 2 + 10𝑡 + 20.
a. What was the initial height of the rocket?
b. When did the rocket reach its maximum height?

Solution

a. The initial height of the rocket is the height from which it was fired. The time is zero.
ℎ(𝑡) = −5𝑡 2 + 10𝑡 + 20
ℎ(𝑡) = −5(0)2 + 10(0) + 20
ℎ(𝑡) = 20𝑦𝑑

The initial height of the toy rocket is 20 yd.

b. The time which the rocket reaches its maximum height is the x-coordinate of the vertex.
𝑏
𝑡=−
2𝑎
10
𝑡=−
2(−5)
𝑡 = 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
It takes the toy rocket 1 second to reach its maximum height.

2. A garments store sells about 40 t-shirts per week at a price of Php100 each. For each P10
decrease in price, the sales lady found out that 5 more t-shirts per week were sold.
a. Write a quadratic function in standard form that models the revenue from t-shirts sales.
b. What price produces the maximum revenue?

Solution

You know that Revenue R(x)= (price per unit) x (number of units produced or sold).

Therefore, Revenue R(x) = (number of t-shirts sold) (price per t-shirt)

Revenue 𝑅(𝑥) = (40 + 5𝑥)(100 − 10𝑥)

𝑅(𝑥) = −50𝑥 2 + 100𝑥 + 4000

If we transform the function into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘

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BURGOS ST., PANIQUI, TARLAC

Project PALM (Parent – Assisted Learning Module)

𝑅(𝑥) = 50(𝑥 − 1)2 + 4050

The vertex is (1, 4050)

Thus, the maximum revenue is Php4050

The price of the t-shirt produce maximum revenue can be determined by

P(x) = 100 -10x

P(x)= 100 – 10(1) = 90

Thus, Php90 is the price of the t-shirt that produces maximum revenue.

Table of Values

Quadratic Functions can be represented in a number of ways. One way is by its table of
values.

Example. Construct a table of values for each quadratic function and identify at least five points of
the function.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2

Solution

1. The independent variable of the quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑥.

Consider x= -3 to 3/
If x= -3, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2(−3) − (−3)2
= 1 + 6 − 9 = −2

If x= -2, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2(−2) − (2)2

=1+4−4=1
If x= -1 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2(−1) − (−1)2
=1+2−1=2
If x= 0, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2(0) − (0)2
=1−0−0=1
If x= 1, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2(1) − (1)2
= 1 − 2 − 1 = −2
If x= 2, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
= 1 − 4 − 4 = −7
If x= 3, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
= 1 − 6 − 9 = −14

The generated values of x and f(x) can be tabulated as follows:

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑓(𝑥) -2 1 2 1 -2 -7 -14

From the table, some points of the quadratic function can be identified:
(−3, −2), (−2,1), (−1,0), (1, −2), (2, −7), (3, −14).

The Parabola

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BURGOS ST., PANIQUI, TARLAC

Project PALM (Parent – Assisted Learning Module)

Another way of representing quadratic functions by its graph.

Example 1. Graph the simplest quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

Solution

First, construct a table values foe x and y.

X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Y 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 10

Then, plot the corresponding points and draw a smooth curve from the leftmost point to the
rightmost.

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 is a curve. This curve is called parabola. This is the reason why the quadratic
function is also called the parabolic function.

Example 2. Graph the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1.

First, construct a table of values for 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1. Then plot the points and sketch its graph.

X -1 0 1 2 3 4

Y 6 1 -2 -3 -2 1

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 INTERWORLD COLLEGES FOUNDATION INC.
BURGOS ST., PANIQUI, TARLAC

Project PALM (Parent – Assisted Learning Module)

Equation

These are the examples of quadratic equation and form into general form of the quadratic
function which is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.

1. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 − 1
2. 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦
3. −𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = 7 − 𝑦

Solution

1. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 − 1
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 1
2. 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥
3. −𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = 7 − 𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 7