Word List

accelerate [aekselareit] v.

To accelerate means to increase in speed.

—►When he stepped on the gas pedal, the motorcycle accelerated.

anew [anju:] adv.

If you do something anew, you do it again and in a different way.

—» Though he had failed his driving test, he decided to try it anew.

defect [difekt] n.

A defect is a part of something that is wrong or missing.

—* All these bottles have a defect and must be sent back to the warehouse.

dreary [driari] adj.

If something is dreary, then it is dull, dark, and lifeless.

—►After the fire, this section o f forest is rather dreary.

duplicate [dju:plakeit] v.
To duplicate something means to copy it.
—►She duplicated her friend’s movements like she was in front o f a mirror.

electromagnetic [ilektroumaegnetik] adj.

If something is electromagnetic, it is related to electricity and magnetic fields.

—►Different colors o f lig h t come from different levels o f electromagnetic energy.

electron [ilektron] n.

An electron is a particle in all atoms that has a negative electric charge.

—» The number o f electrons in an atom determines the substance the atoms make.

glide [glaid] v.

To glide means to fly on extended wings with little or no effort.

—►When the wind is blowing, birds can glide easily through the sky.

ingenious [ind3 i:njas] adj.

If someone is ingenious, then they are very smart.

—►Charles was the only person ingenious enough to repair the plane’s engines.

innovation [inouveijan] n.
An innovation is a product or an idea that is new or very original.
—►Mrs. Johnson made a great innovation to the company’s business plan.

Elbarskhan & mmh

■1

innovative [Inouveitiv] adj.

If something or someone is innovative, they can think in creative ways.

—* Since Peter was so innovative, he was chosen to lead the science team.

launch [lo.ntj] *
To launch something means to make it go into motion.
—» The boat launched from the dock and floated down the river.

meteorological [mi:tiaralad3ikal] adj.

If something is meteorological, it is concerned with the science of weather.
—» The thunderstorm was so large that it became a great meteorological event.

meteorology tmktiaraledsi] n.

Meteorology is the science that studies the weather.

—»In order to understand the weather, you have to study meteorology.

penetrate [penatreit] v.

To penetrate something means to enter into it.

—►The knife easily penetrated the surface o f the orange.

propulsion [prapAIJan] n.

Propulsion is the force that moves something forward.

—►The propulsion lifted the rocket into the sky.

Simulate [slmjaleit] v.

To simulate something means to copy its actions or characteristics.

—* The French language teacher could simulate the accent o f a French citizen.

Spur [spa:r] v.
To spur someone means to urge them into action.
—►The coach’s speech spurred her team into playing the best game o f their lives.

Stimulate [stfmjaleit] V.
To stimulate something means to cause or to increase activity in it.
—* Doctors sometimes use electric shock to stimulate a patient’s heartbeat.

tenacious [taneijas] adj.

If someone is tenacious, then they do not easily give up.

-> I’m sure that he’ll finish that difficult sale. He is very tenacious.

Elbarskhan & mmh

 Exercise 1

Choose the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

A
1. defect
a. perfect b. broken c. clean d. magical
C
innovation
a. obsolete b. cunning c. original d. compatible
B accelerate
a. speed up b. slow down c. open d. melt
C meteorological
a. weather b. past c. body d. mind
dreary
D
a. bright b. fluorescent c. frigid d. dull

Exercise 2

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

1. You can hear because sound causes activity in the tiny hairs on the inside of your ear.
flurocent

2. Some worms are small enough to enter into the skin without being detected.
dreary

3. She tried to copy the way her best friend dressed.

memorize

4. The teacher offered the kids candy in order to urge them into finishing their homework.
spur

5. In science class, we learned about the particles in atoms that have a negative electric charge.
copy

6. Every time the children’s fort fell down, they built it again and better.
stimulate

7. She took classes in the science that studies the weather and became a weatherperson.
matter

8. The small airplane flew without any effort through the sky.
defect

9. A rocket requires a lot of fuel in order to start it into the sky.

innovation

10. Amanda is quite an intelligent girl for her young age.

atoms

Elbarskhan & mmh

 W J
Exercise 3

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.
C
1. Just when you thought you’d caught up to Brian, he’ d accelerate and quickly get away.

2. C The orchestra made a very tenacious sound, and many in the audience decided to leave.

I
3. Dan had duplicated the sculpture exactly. It now looked nothing like the original one.

4. I Lions are dangerous hunters. They can glide through the air to capture their prey.

5. C They had a picnic in the park and launched on small sandwiches and grapes.

C
6. We made a small toy train that stimulated how real trains worked 100 years ago.

7. C Cellular phones are one of the most popular innovations in the world today.

C
8. The knight’s sword could not penetrate his opponent’s armor.

I
9. The thought of his warm bed spurred the traveler on through the cold night.

C
10. We didn’t mind that our paintings got ruined. It was fun to start them anew.

C
11. Satellites are very important for gathering meteorological data.

12. I Fish use their fins for propulsion in the water.

13. C I wish Dad wasn’t so innovative. He always comes into my room without knocking.

I
14. Some metals are attracted to other metals due to an electromagnetic force.

C
15. Certain kinds of light can simulate flowers into producing seeds earlier than usual.

16. C John is so ingenious. He hasn’t passed a single test so far this year.

I
17. I’ve always been interested in meteors. That’s why I want to study meteorology.

18. C The lake was frightening. The water was still and dreary.

19. C Everyone who voted in the electron was given the day off of work.

C
20. The new pot looked perfect. It was covered in new, shiny defects.

Elbarskhan & mmh

The Tenacious Inventor
A young student of meteorology was having a difficult time with an experiment. He was
attempting to duplicate lightning in clouds. He had made a device that could simulate
lightning. It worked by releasing an electromagnetic pulse into the cloud. This pulse,
in turn, stimulated the electrons in the cloud’s particles. Then the electrons produced
lightning.
But his meteorological experiment had a major defect. He couldn’t get the device into
the sky.
He had tied it to balloons, but they had burst. He had shot the device from a cannon, but
the force of the cannon had damaged it.
“You should give up,” his friends told him. “You’ ll never get that thing into the air.”
But his friends’ criticisms only spurred him to try again. The student was very innovative,
and at last, he thought that he had an innovation that would work. He attached wings to
the device, and on one dreary day, when clouds blocked the light of the sun, he started his
experiment anew.
He placed the device on a rocket and launched it into the sky. The propulsion of the
rocket carried the device high into the air. The rocket accelerated into the clouds and then
released the device. It glided on its wings through the clouds, and when it penetrated
the center of a large black cloud, it emitted the electromagnetic pulse. And just as he had
predicted, lightning shot from the cloud!
He called his professors, and the next day they came to watch. He successfully
duplicated the experiment. His teachers were extremely impressed and called the student
and his invention ingenious.
The student was given many awards and became a famous inventor. He had not given
up. He had remained tenacious and succeeded.

Elbarskhan & mmh

Readin

PART o Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false
statements to make them true.
1. t The student of meteorology had bought a device that simulated lightning in clouds.

2. t The electromagnetic pulse stimulated the electrons in the cloud’s particles.

t
3. The student’s friends’ criticisms spurred him to try his experiment anew.

4. t It was a dreary day when the device glided into the clouds.

f
5. The propulsion of the rocket accelerated the speed of the lightning.
it did not pass the speed of light

PART O Answer the questions.

1. What was the defect of the student’s meteorological experiment?
he couldent get it into the sky

2. What innovation did the innovative student use to launch his device into the clouds?
he attached wings to the device

3. For whom did the student duplicate his ingenious experiment?

with his teachers and profcers

4. What did the device do when it finally penetrated the center of a large black cloud?
it shot lightning from the cloud

5. What happened to the student because he was tenacious?

he became a famous inventer

Elbarskhan & mmh