Document Code: CAS–F–CMT

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Document Title: Course Module Template

An Autonomous University Page No: 1 of 7
LUCENA CITY Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Prepared by: Instructor
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by: Department Chair
Approved by: Dean

NAME OF THE PROGRAM General Education

COURSE TITLE Mathematics in the COURSE CODE MAMW 100
Modern World
PREREQUISITE/ CO- None COURSE UNIT 3 units
REQUISITE
COURSE OUTCOME CO2: Demonstrate the ideas/importance of mathematics in human endeavor;
CO3: Solve problems using Polya’s 4-step and other strategies that can be applied in
real-life situation;
MODULE 1 Mathematics in our World
LESSON LEARNING After successful completion of this module, students should be able to:
OUTCOME/S a. differentiate mathematical expression and mathematical sentence;
b. express English phrase/sentence to mathematical symbol;
c. perform operations on sets
TOPICS Mathematical Language
Mathematical Expressions and Sentences
Language of Sets
WEEK / INCLUSIVE DATE 5
September 11-15, 2023
MODALITY Synchronous (On ground), Asynchronous

▪ LESSON PROPER

Read this module. Fill in the missing word/phrase. Encircle/highlight/write the correct word or phrase or
mathematical symbol(s).

Mathematical Language

Mathematical language is the system used to communicate mathematical ideas. It consists of some
(natural/special) language using technical (mathematical) terms grammatical conventions that are uncommon
to mathematical discourse, supplemented by a highly specialized symbolic notation for mathematical formulas.
While mathematical notation is used for formulas, has its own grammar, and shared by mathematicians
anywhere in the __________ (globe/universe).

Characteristics of Mathematical Language

(Powerful/Concise/Precise)
◦ correct all the time.
◦ definition and limits should be distinction.
◦ means that the definition should tell exactly what you need to do to determine whether any object does or
does not fit the definition.

(Powerful/Concise/Precise)
◦ shows simplicity.
Example: List the factors of 25.

(Powerful/Concise/Precise)
◦ expressing complex thoughts with relative ease.
◦ unify diverse instances under a single conceptual framework.
◦ allows easier penetration of the subject and the development of more powerful methods.

Importance of Mathematical Language

• It is a major contributor to overall ____________ (attention/comprehension).
• It is vital for the development of mathematics (efficiency/ proficiency).
• It enables both the teacher and the students to communicate mathematical knowledge with
(precision/decision).

According to Galileo Galilei, “Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe.” It can be
attributed that mathematics is a universal language because the principles and foundations of mathematics
are the same everywhere around the world.

Example:
 Document Code: CAS–F–CMT
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Document Title: Course Module Template
An Autonomous University Page No: 2 of 7
LUCENA CITY Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Prepared by: Instructor
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by: Department Chair
Approved by: Dean

five plus five equal ten

5 + 5 = 10 (Arabic numerals)
10 items is the same anywhere in the world

Expression and Sentence

A/An mathematical _______ (expression/sentence) is a finite combination of symbols that is well-defined

according to rules that depend on the context. The symbols can designate numbers, variables, operations,
functions, brackets, punctuations, and groupings to help determine order of operations, and other aspects of
mathematical syntax, and correct arrangement of mathematical symbols used to represent the object of
interest, it does not contain a complete thought, and it cannot be determined if it is true or false.

A/An mathematical _______ (expression/sentence) makes a statement about two expressions, either using
numbers, variables, or a combination of both. It uses symbols or words like equals, greater than, or less
than. The correct arrangement of mathematical symbols that states a complete thought and can be
determined whether it’s true, false, sometimes true/sometimes false.

Illustrative Example.
English Mathematics
name given to an object of Noun (person, place, things) Alma, Expression
interest Batangas, box 3, 2+x, 6y
a complete thought Sentence Sentence
Martha likes Paris a+b=c
Five and three are prime numbers. 3+5<8

Mathematical Sentence

_______ (OPEN/CLOSED) MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE – a sentence which could be true or false

depending on the values of unknown quantities in the sentence.
Examples:
x + 7 = 11
2x – 4 < 45

_______ (OPEN/CLOSED) MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE – a sentence which is known to be true or known

to be false.
Examples:
3+7=9
2x – 4 < 45, x = 0

Conventions in the Mathematical Language

Mathematical convention – is a fact, name, notation, or usage which is generally agreed upon by
mathematicians. Mathematicians abide by conventions to be able to understand what they write without
constantly having to redefine basic terms. Almost all mathematical names and symbols are conventional.

Ex. PEMDAS

Mathematical Symbols
 Document Code: CAS–F–CMT
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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
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Symbols in logic

Words and phrases that imply Mathematical Operations

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

Plus Minus Times Divided by
The sum of The difference of The product of The quotient of
Increased by Decreased by Multiplied by Per
Total Fewer than Of
more than Less than Twice
Added to Subtracted from

ACTIVITY 4
Translate each of the following English phrases into a mathematical expression.

1. The sum of a and b → ___________

2. The product of x and y → ___________
3. The difference of x and y → ___________
4. The sum of x and the difference of y and z → ___________
5. The sum of x and the sum of y and z → ___________
6. The product of x and the sum of y and z → ___________
7. The product of x and the difference of y and z → ___________
8. The difference of the product of x and y, and z → ___________
9. The product of the sum of x and y and the difference of x and y → ___________
10. x more than y → ___________
 Document Code: CAS–F–CMT
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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
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QUALITY FORM Reviewed by: Department Chair
Approved by: Dean

11. x less than y → ___________

In each sentence (English or mathematical), circle the verb.

1. Peter is a boy.
2. 4 is an even number.
3. 7 is less than 12.
4. 128 is a composite number
5. 3 and 5 are odd numbers
6. The product of 3 and 4 is 12
7. 1/2 is a fraction.
8. The sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
9. When 8 is divided by three, the remainder is 2.
10. 15 is greater than 12.

Four Basic Concepts of Mathematical Language and symbols

1. Language of Sets
2-3. Language of Functions and Relations
4. Language of Binary Operations

Language of Sets

_________ (Set/Sequence) – a collection of distinct objects (elements)

Two Ways to Describe Set:

1. Roster Method
2. Rule Method (Set builder notation)

Roster Method Rule Method

A = {a, e, i, o, u} A = {x|x is a vowel letter in English alphabet}

B = {M, I, R, A, G, C, E, L, B, N} B = {x|x is letter in the name MIRIAM GRACE MALABANAN}

Try this!!!

COMPLETE THE TABLE

Given Roster Method Rule Method

Set of integers greater than 12

___________________ ___________________
Set of negative integers greater
than -7 ___________________ ___________________
Solution set to
5x – 8 = 12 ___________________ ___________________

Interval Notation and Rule Method to Define Sets

Interval Notation Verbal Description Rule Method

(-1, 5] Set of real numbers greater than -1 but less {x ∈ R| -1 < x ≤ 5}

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than or equal to 5.
[-0.99, ∞) Set of real numbers greater than or equal to {x ∈ R| x ≥ -0.99}
-0.99.
(-∞, 0] Set of real numbers less than or equal to 0. {x ∈ R| x ≤ 0}
(3.5, 10) Set of real numbers greater than 3.5 but less {x ∈ R| 3.5 < x < 10}
than 10.

_________(Cardinal/Carnival) Number
- Number of elements or members in the set, the cardinality of a set A is denoted by n(A) or |A|
Example. E = {a, e, i, o, u}
n(E) = 5 or |E| = 5

Kinds of Sets
• Empty Set { } or Null Set ∅
Empty Set {} or Null ∅ Set refers to set with no elements always a subset of a set.
• _______ (Finite/Infinite) Set
Finite set refers to a set with countable elements.
Illustrative examples:
A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …, 98, 99, 100}
• _______ (Finite/Infinite) Set
Infinite set refers to set with uncountable elements (infinite number of elements).
Illustrative examples:
C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …}
Z = {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
• Universal Set
Universal set refers to the totality of all elements under consideration.
• _______ (Equal/Equivalent) Sets
Equal Sets refer to two or more sets with same elements and same number of elements.
Example:
A = {t, e, a, m}
B = {m, a, t, e}
A = B because sets A and B have same elements and same number of elements.
• _______ (Equal/Equivalent) Sets
Equivalent Sets refer to two or more with same number of elements.
Example:
A = {t, e, a, m}
C = {1, 2, 3, 4}
A ≡ C because sets A and C have same number of elements.
• _______ (Joint/Disjoint) Sets
Joint sets refer to two or more sets with common elements.
Example:
I = {1, 2, 3, 4}
J = {2, 4, 6, 8}
I and J are disjoint sets since the two sets have common
elements {2, 4}, also known as mutually inclusive
• _______ (Joint/Disjoint) Sets
Disjoint Sets refer to two or more sets with no common
element.
Example:
G = {1, 2, 3}
H = {4, 5, 6}
G and H are disjoint elements since the two sets have no
common elements, also known as mutually exclusive
• Subset (⊆)
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A set is SUBSET of another set if and only if all elements of the first set are also elements of
the second set.
Example:
O = {1,3,5,7}
P= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
Since all elements of set O can be found on set P, therefore,
O⊆ P

• Proper Subset (⊂)

B is a proper subset of A, if and only if all elements of O are in P
but P contains at least one element that is not in O.
Example:
O = {1,3,5,7}
P= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
Since all elements of set O can be found on set P and there are elements of P that cannot
be found in O, therefore, O ⊂ P.

Number of Subsets of a Set

If A has n elements, the number of subsets A has is 2 n.

Example: Consider A = {x, y, z}. List down all the subsets of a set A.

Solution: {{ }, {x}, {y}, {z}, {x, y}, {x, z}, {y, z}, {x, y, z}}

Venn Diagram

A _________ (pictorial/picture) representation of sets within an enclosing rectangle. The rectangle

represents the entire universal set U. Circles, squares, and other geometric figures represent some
subsets of the universal set. Regions that overlap represent elements that are common to sets.

Application on Sets

In a survey of 600 investors, it was reported that 350 invested in

stocks, 300 invested in bonds, and 150 invested in both stocks and
bonds. Draw a Venn diagram and answer the following:
How many invested in stocks only? _______
How many invested in bonds only? _______
How many invested in neither stocks nor bonds? ________

Set Operations
• Union (U) – combination of elements from two or more sets
The union of 2 sets, A and B, is the set with elements in either A or B or
both.

Example:
A = {1,2,3}
B = {2,3,4}
AUB = ________
• Intersection – common elements from two or more sets
The intersection of 2 sets, A and B, is the set containing elements in both A
and B.

Example:
A = {1,2,3}
B = {2,3,4}
A ∩ B = ________
Sets are disjoint if their intersection is the empty set. i.e.
They have no elements in common.

this term is needed because elements both in A and B are counted

once in AUB.
 Document Code: CAS–F–CMT
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Document Title: Course Module Template
An Autonomous University Page No: 7 of 7
LUCENA CITY Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Prepared by: Instructor
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by: Department Chair
Approved by: Dean

Principle of inclusion-exclusion:
Example: A={1, 2, 3}, B = {p,q,r}. A and B are disjoint, so, AUB = ________
|AUB|=|A|+|B|=6.
Example: A={1 2 3}, B={1 2 3}
Since A=B, AUB = ________
|AUB|=3+3-3=3.

• Complement – elements in the universal set that cannot be found in A

The complement of a set A in U is the set U-A.
A = {x | x Ï A}
or A’ = {x | x ∉ A}
Example: U={x|x in English alphabet}
A’={x| x is consonant }
A = {x|x is vowel}

• Difference – elements on the first set that cannot be found on the second set
The difference between 2 sets A and B is the set with elements
in A but not in B.
A - B = {x | x Î A Ù x Ï B}
Example:
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {2, 3, 4}
A – B = ____

References:
Blay, B., Gonzales, J.O., & Zaragoza, I.J.R. (2020). Mathematical Trips in the Modern Worlds (Outcomes-based approach).
Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.
Manuel-Guillermo, R., Abratique, D.M., Ballena IV, J.T. & Ulpindo-Garambas, Z. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world. Quezon City:
Nieme publishing house co. Ltd.
Sirug, W. (2017). Statistics and Probability. Mindshapers Co., Inc.