11SL-2.

TERM [299 marks]

1a. Show that log9 (cos 2x + 2) = log3 √cos 2x + 2. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to use the change of base rule M1
log3(cos 2x+2)
log9 (cos 2x + 2) = log39
A1

= 12 log3 (cos 2x + 2) A1
= log3 √cos 2x + 2 AG
[3 marks]

1b. Hence or otherwise solve log3 (2 sin x) = log9 (cos 2x + 2) for [5 marks]
0 < x < π2 .

Markscheme
log3 (2 sin x) = log3 √cos 2x + 2
2 sin x = √cos 2x + 2 M1
4 sin2 x = cos 2x + 2 (or equivalent) A1
use of cos 2x = 1 − 2 sin2 x (M1)
6 sin2 x = 3
1
sin x = (±) A1
√2
π
x= 4
A1
π
Note: Award A0 if solutions other than x= 4
are included.

[5 marks]
 On 1st January 2020, Laurie invests $ P in an account that pays a nominal annual
interest rate of 5.5 %, compounded quarterly.
The amount of money in Laurie’s account at the end of each year follows a
geometric sequence with common ratio, r.

2a. Find the value of r, giving your answer to four significant figures. [3 marks]

Markscheme
5.5 4
(1 + 4×100
) (M1)(A1)
1.056 A1
[3 marks]

2b. Laurie makes no further deposits to or withdrawals from the account. [3 marks]
Find the year in which the amount of money in Laurie’s account will become
double the amount she invested.
 Markscheme
EITHER
5.5 4n
2P = P × (1 + 100×4
) OR 2P = P × (their (a))m (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into loan payment formula. Award (A1) for
correct substitution.
OR
PV = ±1
FV = ∓ 1
I% = 5.5
P/Y = 4
C/Y = 4
n = 50.756… (M1)(A1)
OR
PV = ±1
FV = ∓ 2
I% = 100(their (a) − 1)
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (M1)(A1)
THEN
⇒ 12.7 years
Laurie will have double the amount she invested during 2032 A1

[3 marks]

3. Solve the equation 2 ln x = ln 9 + 4. Give your answer in the form [5 marks]

x = peq where p, q ∈ Z+ .
Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
METHOD 1
2 ln x− ln 9 = 4
uses m ln x = ln xm (M1)
ln x2 − ln 9 = 4
uses ln a− ln b = ln a (M1)
b
x2
ln 9
=4
x2
9
= e4 A1
x2 = 9e4 ⇒ x = √9e4 (x > 0) A1
x = 3e2 (p = 3, q = 2) A1
METHOD 2
expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses ln xm = m ln x (M1)
2 ln x = 2 ln 3 + 4 ln e(ln x = ln 3 + 2 ln e) A1
uses 2 ln e = ln e2 and ln a + ln b = ln ab (M1)
ln x = ln (3e2 ) A1
x = 3e2 (p = 3, q = 2) A1
METHOD 3
expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses m ln x = ln xm (M1)
ln x2 = ln 32 + ln e4 A1
uses ln a + ln b = ln ab (M1)
ln x2 = ln (32 e4 )
x2 = 32 e4 ⇒ x = √32 e4 (x > 0) A1
so x = 3e2 (x > 0)(p = 3, q = 2) A1
[5 marks]

, 5 −8 3 +8
 The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are u1 , 5u1 − 8 and 3u1 + 8.

4a. Show that u1 = 4. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
EITHER
uses u2 − u1 = u3 − u2 (M1)
(5u1 − 8)−u1 =(3u1 + 8)−(5u1 − 8)
6u1 = 24 A1
OR
u 1+ u 3
uses u2 = 2 (M1)
u1+ ( 3u1+8 )
5u1 − 8 = 2
3u1 = 12 A1
THEN
so u1 = 4 AG
[2 marks]

4b. Prove that the sum of the first n terms of this arithmetic sequence is a [4 marks]
square number.
 Markscheme
d = 8 (A1)
uses Sn = n2 (2u1 +(n − 1)d) M1
Sn = n (8 +
2 8(n − 1)) A1
= 4n2
= (2n)2 A1
Note: The final A1 can be awarded for clearly explaining that 4n2 is a square
number.
so sum of the first n terms is a square number AG
[4 marks]

Helen and Jane both commence new jobs each starting on an annual salary of
$70, 000. At the start of each new year, Helen receives an annual salary increase
of $2400.
Let $H n represent Helen’s annual salary at the start of her nth year of
employment.

5a. Show that H n = 2400n + 67 600. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
uses Hn = H1 +(n − 1)d with H1 = 70 000 and d = 2400 (M1)
Hn = 70 000 + 2400(n − 1) A1
so H n = 2400n + 67 600 AG
[2 marks]

3%
 At the start of each new year, Jane receives an annual salary increase of 3% of her
previous year’s annual salary.
Jane’s annual salary, $Jn , at the start of her nth year of employment is given by
Jn = 70 000(1. 03)n−1 .

5b. Given that Jn follows a geometric sequence, state the value of the [1 mark]
common ratio, r.

Markscheme
r = 1. 03 A1
[1 mark]

At the start of year N , Jane’s annual salary exceeds Helen’s annual salary for the
first time.

5c. Find the value of N . [3 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of use of an appropriate table or graph or GDC numerical solve
feature to find the value of N such that Jn > H n (M1)
EITHER
for example, an excerpt from an appropriate table

(A1)

OR
for example, use of a GDC numerical solve feature to obtain N = 10. 800 …
(A1)
Note: Award A1 for an appropriate graph. Condone use of a continuous
graph.
THEN
N = 11 A1
[3 marks]

5d. For the value of N found in part (c) (i), state Helen’s annual salary and [2 marks]
Jane’s annual salary, correct to the nearest dollar.
 Markscheme
H11 = 94 000 ($) A1
J11 = 94 074 ($) A1
Helen’s annual salary is $94
000 and Jane’s annual salary is $94 074
Note: Award A1 for a correct H 11 value and A1 for a correct J11 value seen in
part (c) (i).
[2 marks]

5e. Find Jane’s total earnings at the start of her 10th year of employment. [4 marks]
Give your answer correct to the nearest dollar.

Markscheme
at the start of the 10th year, Jane will have worked for 9 years so the value of
S9 is required R1
Note: Award R1 if S9 is seen anywhere.
J1 ( rn−1 )
uses Sn = r−1
with J1 = 70 000, r = 1. 03 and n = 9 (M1)
Note: Award M1 if n = 10 is used.
70000 ( ( 1.03 ) 9−1 )
S9 = 1.03−1
= 711 137. 42 … (A1)
= 711 137 ($)
Jane’s total earnings are $711 137 (correct to the nearest dollar)
[4 marks]

Consider the series ln x + p ln x + 13 ln x + …, where x ∈ R, x > 1 and

p ∈ R, p ≠ 0.

Consider the case where the series is geometric.

6a. Show that 1 [2 marks]

p=± .
√3
 Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to use a ratio from consecutive terms M1
1
ln x
pln x
ln x
= 3
pln x
OR 13 ln 1
x =(ln x)r2 OR p ln x = ln x( 3p )

1
Note: Candidates may use ln x1 + ln xp + ln x 3 … and consider the powers
of x in geometric sequence
1
p
Award M1 for 1 = 3
p
.

OR
1
r = p and r2 = 3
M1

THEN
1 1
p2 = 3
OR r=± A1
√3
1
p=± AG
√3

1 1
Note: Award M0A0 for r2 = 3
or p2 = 3
with no other working seen.

[2 marks]

6b. Given that p > 0 and S∞ = 3 + √3, find the value of x. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
ln x
1 (= 3 + √3) (A1)
1−
√3

3 √3
ln x = 3 − + √3 − OR ln x = 3 − √3 + √3 − 1 (⇒ ln x = 2)
√3 √3
A1
x = e2 A1

[3 marks]

Now consider the case where the series is arithmetic with common difference d.

6c. Show that p = 23 . [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to find a difference from consecutive terms or from u2 M1
correct equation A1
p ln x − ln x = 13 ln x − p ln x OR 1
3
ln x = ln x + 2(p ln x − ln x)

1
Note: Candidates may use ln x1 + ln xp + ln x 3 + … and consider the
powers of x in arithmetic sequence.
1
Award M1A1 for p−1= 3
−p

2p ln x = 43 ln x (⇒ 2p = 43 ) A1
2
p= 3
AG

METHOD 2
u 1+ u 3
attempt to use arithmetic mean u2 = 2 M1
1
ln x+ ln x
p ln x = 2
3
A1

2p ln x = 43 ln x (⇒ 2p = 43 ) A1
2
p= 3
AG

METHOD 3
attempt to find difference using u3 M1
1
3
ln x = ln x + 2d (⇒ d = − 13 ln x)

u2 = ln x + 12 ( 13 ln x − ln x) OR p ln x − ln x = − 13 ln x A1

p ln x = 23 ln x A1
2
p= 3
AG

[3 marks]

ln ∈Q
6d. Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1 mark]

Markscheme
d = − 13 ln x A1

[1 mark]

6e. The sum of the first n terms of the series is −3 ln x. [6 marks]

Find the value of n.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
Sn = n [2
2 ln x +(n − 1)×(− 13 ln x)]
attempt to substitute into Sn and equate to −3 ln x (M1)
n [2
2 ln x +(n − 1)×(− 13 ln x)]= −3 ln x
correct working with Sn (seen anywhere) (A1)
n [2 ln x − n ln x + 1 ln n ( n−1 )
2 3 3
x] OR n ln x − 6
ln x OR
n (ln x +( 4− n
)ln x)
2 3

correct equation without ln x A1

n( 7 n ( n−1 )
2 3 − n3 )= −3 OR n − 6
= −3 or equivalent

Note: Award as above if the series 1 + p + 13 + … is considered leading to

n( 7 − n3 )= −3.
2 3

attempt to form a quadratic =0 (M1)

n2 − 7n − 18 = 0
attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)
(n − 9)(n + 2)= 0
n=9 A1

METHOD 2
listing the first 7 terms of the sequence (A1)
ln x + 23 ln x + 13 ln x + 0 − 13 ln x − 23 ln x − ln x + …
recognizing first 7 terms sum to 0 M1
8th term is − 43 ln x (A1)

9th term is − 53 ln x (A1)

sum of 8th and 9th term = −3 ln x (A1)
n=9 A1

[6 marks]
 The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is given by un = 15 − 3n.

7a. State the value of the first term, u1 . [1 mark]

Markscheme
u1 = 12 A1

[1 mark]

7b. Given that the nth term of this sequence is −33, find the value of n. [2 marks]

Markscheme
15 − 3n = −33 (A1)
n = 16 A1

[2 marks]

7c. Find the common difference, d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to find d (M1)
u2 − u1 = 9 − 12 OR recognize gradient is −3 OR attempts to solve
−33 = 12 + 15d
d = −3 A1

[2 marks]

7
Consider the binomial expansion (x + 1) = x7 + ax6 + bx5 + 35x4 + … + 1
where x ≠ 0 and a, b ∈ Z+ .

8a. Show that b = 21. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
EITHER
recognises the required term (or coefficient) in the expansion (M1)
bx5 = 7C2 x5 12 OR b = 7C2 OR 7C5
b= 7!
2!5!
(= 7!
2! ( 7−2 ) !
)
correct working A1
7×6×5×4×3×2×1 7×6 42
2×1×5×4×3×2×1
OR 2!
OR 2

OR
lists terms from row 7 of Pascal’s triangle (M1)
1, 7, 21, … A1

THEN
b = 21 AG

[2 marks]

8b. The third term in the expansion is the mean of the second term and the [5 marks]
fourth term in the expansion.
Find the possible values of x.
 Markscheme
a=7 (A1)
correct equation A1
6+35 4 7x6+35x4
21x5 = ax
2
x
OR 21x5 = 2
correct quadratic equation A1
7x2 − 42x + 35 = 0 OR x2 − 6x + 5 = 0 (or equivalent)
valid attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)
6±√ ( −6 ) 2−4 ( 1 ) ( 5 )
(x − 1)(x − 5)= 0 OR x = 2(1)
x = 1, x = 5 A1

Note: Award final A0 for obtaining x = 0, x = 1, x = 5.

[5 marks]

9. Consider the expansion of (8x3 − 1 )n where n ∈ Z+ . Determine all [5 marks]

2x
possible values of n for which the expansion has a non-zero constant term.
 Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to obtain the general term of the expansion
n−r r r n−r
Tr+1 = nCr (8x3 ) (− 21x ) OR Tr+1 = nCn−r (8x3 ) (− 21x ) (M1)

OR
recognize power of x starts at 3n and goes down by 4 each time (M1)

THEN
recognizing the constant term when the power of x is zero (or equivalent)
(M1)
3n
r= 4
or n = 43 r or 3n − 4r = 0 OR 3r −(n − r)= 0 (or equivalent)
A1
r is a multiple of 3 (r = 3, 6, 9, …) or one correct value of n (seen anywhere)
(A1)
n = 4k, k ∈ Z+ A1

Note: Accept n is a (positive) multiple of 4 or n = 4, 8, 12, …

Do not accept n = 4, 8, 12
Note: Award full marks for a correct answer using trial and error approach
showing n = 4, 8, 12, … and for recognizing that this pattern continues.

[5 marks]

In this question, give all answers correct to two decimal places.

Sam invests $1700 in a savings account that pays a nominal annual rate of
interest of 2. 74%, compounded half-yearly. Sam makes no further payments to,
or withdrawals from, this account.

10a. Find the amount that Sam will have in his account after 10 years. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
Note: The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places, the final A1
in that part is not awarded.

EITHER
N = 10 OR N = 20
I% = 2. 74 I% = 2. 74
P V =(∓)1700 P V =(∓)1700
P /Y = 1 P /Y = 2
C/Y = 2 C/Y = 2 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology
with at least two entries seen, and award (A1) for all entries correct. Accept
a positive or negative value for P V .

OR
0.0274 2×10
1700(1 + 2 ) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into compound interest formula.

Award (A1) for correct substitution.

THEN
$2231. 71 A1

[3 marks]

David also invests $1700 in a savings account that pays an annual rate of interest
of r% , compounded yearly. David makes no further payments or withdrawals from
this account.

10b. Find the value of r required so that the amount in David’s account after [2 marks]
10 years will be equal to the amount in Sam’s account.
 Markscheme
Note: The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places, the final A1
in that part is not awarded.

EITHER
N = 10
P V = ∓1700
F V = ±2231. 71 …
P /Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology
with at least two entries seen.

OR

1700(1 + r )10 = 2231. 71 … (M1)

100

THEN
r = 2. 75876 …
r = 2. 76 A1

Note: Ignore omission of opposite signs for P V and F V if r = 2. 76 is

obtained.

[2 marks]

10c. Find the interest David will earn over the 10 years. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
Note: The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places, the final A1
in that part is not awarded.

$531. 71 A1

[1 mark]

Consider the function f(x)= ax where x, a ∈ R and x > 0, a > 1.

The graph of f contains the point ( 23 , 4).

11a. Show that a = 8. [2 marks]

Markscheme
2
f( 23 )= 4 OR a 3 = 4 (M1)
3 3
2
a=4 2 OR a = (2 ) 2
OR a2 = 64 OR √
3 a =2 A1
a=8 AG

[2 marks]

11b. Write down an expression for f −1 (x). [1 mark]

Markscheme
f −1 (x)= log8 x A1

Note: Accept f −1 (x)= loga x.

Accept any equivalent expression for f −1 e.g. f −1 (x)= ln x .
ln8

[1 mark]
 Find the value of f −1 (√32).
11c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
1
log8 √32 OR 8x = 32 2

correct working involving log/index law (A1)

5
1 5 1
2 log 8 32 OR 2 log 8 2 OR log8 2 = 3
OR log2 2 2 OR log2 8 = 3 OR
5
5
ln2 2
ln23
OR 2 3x = 2 2

f −1 (√32)= 5
6
A1

[3 marks]

Consider the arithmetic sequence log 8 27 , log8 p , log8 q , log8 125 , where
p > 1 and q > 1.

11d. Show that 27, p, q and 125 are four consecutive terms in a geometric [4 marks]
sequence.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
equating a pair of differences (M1)
u2 − u1 = u4 − u3 (= u3 − u2 )
log8 p − log8 27 = log8 125 − log8 q
log8 125 − log8 q = log8 q − log8 p
p
log8 ( 27 )= log8 ( 125
q
) , log8 ( 125
q
)= log8 ( qp ) A1A1

125
and 125
p q
27
= q q
= p
A1

27, p, q and 125 are in geometric sequence AG

Note: If candidate assumes the sequence is geometric, award no marks

for part (i). If r = 53 has been found, this will be awarded marks in part (ii).

METHOD 2
expressing a pair of consecutive terms, in terms of d (M1)
p = 8d × 27 and q = 82d × 27 OR q = 82d × 27 and 125 = 83d × 27
two correct pairs of consecutive terms, in terms of d A1
8d×27 82d×27 83d×27
27
= = (must include 3 ratios) A1
8d×27 82d×27
all simplify to 8d A1
27, p, q and 125 are in geometric sequence AG

[4 marks]

11e. Find the value of p and the value of q. [5 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1 (geometric, finding r)
u4 = u1 r3 OR 125 = 27(r)3 (M1)
5
r= 3
(seen anywhere) A1

p= 27r OR 125q
= 53 (M1)

p = 45, q = 75 A1A1

METHOD 2 (arithmetic)
u4 = u1 + 3d OR log8 125 = log8 27 + 3d (M1)

d = log8 ( 53 ) (seen anywhere) A1

log8 p = log8 27 + log8 ( 53 ) OR log8 q = log8 27 + 2 log8 ( 53 )

(M1)
p = 45, q = 75 A1A1

METHOD 3 (geometric using proportion)

recognizing proportion (M1)
pq = 125 × 27 OR q 2 = 125p OR p2 = 27q
two correct proportion equations A1
attempt to eliminate either p or q (M1)
125×27 125×27
q 2 = 125 × q
OR p2 = 27 × p
p = 45, q = 75 A1A1

[5 marks]

1
12. Solve the equation log3 √x = 2log2 3
+ log3 (4x3 ), where x > 0. [5 marks]
 Markscheme
attempt to use change the base (M1)
log3 2
log3 √x = 2 + log3 (4x3 )
attempt to use the power rule (M1)
log3 √x = log3 √2 + log3 (4x3 )
attempt to use product or quotient rule for logs, ln a + ln b = ln ab
(M1)

log3 √x = log3 (4√2x3 )

Note: The M marks are for attempting to use the relevant log rule and may
be applied in any order and at any time during the attempt seen.

√x = 4√2x3
x = 32x6
1
x5 = 32
(A1)
1
x= 2 A1

[5 marks]

n
Σ r
The sum of the first n terms of a geometric sequence is given by Sn = r=1 23 ( 78 ) .

13a. Find the first term of the sequence, u1 . [2 marks]

Markscheme
2 7
u1 = S1 = 3
× 8
(M1)
14 7
= 24
(= 12 = 0. 583333 …) A1

[2 marks]
13b. Find S∞ . [3 marks]

Markscheme
r = 78 (= 0. 875) (A1)
u1
substituting their values for u1 and r into S∞ = 1−r
(M1)
14
= 3
(= 4. 66666 …) A1

[3 marks]

13c. Find the least value of n such that S∞ − Sn < 0. 001. [4 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to substitute their values into the inequality or formula for Sn
(M1)
n
( 1− ( ) )
7 7 n

14
Σ r
− r=1 2 ( 7 ) < 0. 001 OR Sn = 12 8

( 1− )
3 3 8 7
8

attempt to solve their inequality using a table, graph or logarithms

(must be exponential) (M1)

Note: Award (M0) if the candidate attempts to solve S∞ − un < 0. 001.

correct critical value or at least one correct crossover value (A1)

63. 2675 … OR S∞ − S63 = 0. 001036 … OR S∞ − S64 = 0. 000906 …
OR S∞ − S63 − 0. 001 = 0. 0000363683 … OR
S∞ − S64 − 0. 001 = 0. 0000931777 …
least value is n = 64 A1

[4 marks]

14. In the expansion of (x + k)7 , where k ∈ R, the coefficient of the term in [5 marks]

x5 is 63.
Find the possible values of k.
 Markscheme
EITHER
7
attempt to use the binomial expansion of (x + k) (M1)
7C x7 k0 + 7C1 x6 k1 + 7C2 x5 k2 + … (or 7C0 k7 x0 + 7C1 k5 x1 + 7C2 k5 x2 + …)
0
identifying the correct term 7C2 x5 k2 (or 7C5 k2 x5 ) (A1)
OR
attempt to use the general term 7Cr xr k7−r (or 7Cr kr x7−r ) (M1)
r = 2 (or r = 5) (A1)
THEN
7C = 21 (or 7C5 = 21 (seen anywhere) (A1)
2
21x5 k2 = 63x5 (21k2 = 63, k2 = 3) A1
k = ±√3 A1
Note: If working shown, award M1A1A1A1A0 for k = √3.
[5 marks]

15. Consider the expansion of (3 + x2 )n+1 , where n ∈ Z+ . [5 marks]

Given that the coefficient of x4 is 20 412, find the value of n.

 Markscheme
METHOD 1
product of a binomial coefficient, a power of 3 (and a power of x2 ) seen (M1)
evidence of correct term chosen (A1)

C2 × 3n+1−2 × (x2 ) (= × 3n−1 × x4 ) OR n − r = 1

n+1 2 n ( n+1 )
2

equating their coefficient to 20412 or their term to 20412x4 (M1)

EITHER
n+1
C2 × 3n−1 = 20412 (A1)
OR
r+2C × 3r = 20412 ⇒ r = 6 (A1)
r
THEN
n = 7 A1

METHOD 2
n+1
3n+1 (1 + x3 )
2

2
product of a binomial coefficient, and a power of x3 OR 13 seen (M1)

evidence of correct term chosen (A1)

2
n ( n+1 )
( x3 ) (= 3n−1
1)x4 )
2
3n+1 × 2!
× 2 n(n +

equating their coefficient to 20412 or their term to 20412x4 (M1)

n ( n+1 )
3n−1 × 2 = 20412 (A1)
n = 7 A1
[5 marks]

16. 9 [6 marks]
Consider the expansion of (3x2 − kx ) , where k > 0.
The coefficient of the term in x6 is 6048. Find the value of k.
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach for expansion (must have correct substitution for parameters,
but accept an incorrect value for r). (M1)
eg
9 9 9
( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) , (3x2 ) +( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) +( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) + …
9−r r 9 8 1 7 2
r 1 2
valid attempt to identify correct term (M1)
r 9−r
eg 2(9 − r)−r = 6 , (x2 ) (x−1 ) = x6
identifying correct term (may be indicated in expansion) (A1)
eg r = 4, r = 5
correct term or coefficient in binominal expansion (A1)
9
( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) , 126(243x10 )( kx4 ), 30618k4
5 4 4
eg
4
correct equation in k (A1)
9
eg ( )(243)(k4 )x6 = 6048x6 , 30618k4 = 6048
4
2
k= 3
(exact) 0. 667 A1 N3

Note: Do not award A1 if additional answers given.

[6 marks]
 A large underground tank is constructed at Mills Airport to store fuel. The tank is
in the shape of an isosceles trapezoidal prism, ABCDEFGH.
AB = 70 m , AF = 200 m, AD = 40 m, BC = 40 m and CD = 110 m. Angle
ADC = 60° and angle BCD = 60°. The tank is illustrated below.

17a. Find h, the height of the tank. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
h h
sin 60° = 40
OR tan 60° = 20
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in trig ratio.

OR

202 + h2 = 402 (√402 − 202 ) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in Pythagoras’ theorem.

(h =) 34. 6 (m) (√1200, 20√3, 34. 6410 …) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]

17b. Show that the volume of the tank is 624 000 m3 , correct to three [3 marks]
significant figures.
Markscheme
1
2 (70 + 110)(34. 6410 …)×200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted area of trapezium formula,
provided all substitutions are positive. Award (M1) for multiplying by 200.
Follow through from part (a).

OR

1
(2 × 2 × 20 × 34. 6410 … + 70 × 34. 6410 …)×200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for the addition of correct areas for two triangles and one
rectangle. Award (M1) for multiplying by 200. Follow through from part (a).

OR

1
70 × 34. 6410 … × 200 + 2 × 2 × 34. 6410 … × 20 × 200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in volume of cuboid formula.
Award (M1) for correctly substituted volume of triangular prism(s). Follow
through from part (a).

623538 … (A1)
624000 (m3 ) (AG)

Note: Both an unrounded answer that rounds to the given answer and the
rounded value must be seen for the (A1) to be awarded.

[3 marks]
 Once construction was complete, a fuel pump was used to pump fuel into the
empty tank. The amount of fuel pumped into the tank by this pump each hour
decreases as an arithmetic sequence with terms u1 , u2 , u3 , … , un .
Part of this sequence is shown in the table.

17c. Write down the common difference, d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(d =) − 1800 (A1)

[1 mark]

17d. Find the amount of fuel pumped into the tank in the 13th hour. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(u13 =) 45000 +(13 − 1)(−1800) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in arithmetic sequence formula.

OR
Award (M1) for a correct 4th term seen as part of list.

23400 (m3 ) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c) for their value of d.

[2 marks]

17e. Find the value of n such that un = 0. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
0 = 45000 +(n − 1)(−1800) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into arithmetic sequence
formula, equated to zero.

(n =) 26 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A0) if their n is not a
positive integer.

[2 marks]

17f. Write down the number of hours that the pump was pumping fuel into the[1 mark]
tank.

Markscheme
25 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (e)(i), but only if their final answer in (e)(i) is
positive. If their n in part (e)(i) is not an integer, award (A1)(ft) for the
nearest lower integer.

[1 mark]

At the end of the 2nd hour, the total volume of fuel in the tank was 88 200 m3 .

17g. Find the total amount of fuel pumped into the tank in the first 8 hours. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
(S8 =) 82 (2 × 45000 +(8 − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitutions in arithmetic series formula.
If a list method is used, award (M1) for the addition of their 8 correct terms.

310 000 (m3 ) (309 600) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A0) if their final
answer is greater than 624 000.

[2 marks]

17h. Show that the tank will never be completely filled using this pump. [3 marks]

Markscheme
25 25
(S25 =) 2 (2 × 45000 +(25 − 1)×(−1800)) , (S25 =) 2 (45000 + 1800)
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitutions into arithmetic series
formula.

S25 = 585000 (m3 ) (A1)(ft)(G1)

Note: Award (M1)(A1) for correctly finding S26 = 585000 (m3 ), provided
working is shown e.g. (S26 =) 26 2 (2 × 45000 +(26 − 1)×(−1800)) ,
(S26 =) 26 2 (45000 + 0). Follow through from part (c) and either their (e)(i) or
(e)(ii). If d < 0 and their final answer is greater than 624 000, award at most
(M1)(A1)(ft)(R0). If d > 0, there is no maximum, award at most (M1)(A0)
(R0). Award no marks if their number of terms is not a positive integer.

585000 (m3 )< 624000 (m3 ) (R1)

Hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.
For unsupported (S25 )= 585000 seen, award at most (G1)(R1)(AG). Working
must be seen to follow through from parts (c) and (e)(i) or (e)(ii).

OR

(Sn =) n (2 ×
2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into arithmetic series formula,
with n.

Maximum of this function 585225 (m3 ) (A1)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A1)(ft)(R0) if their
final answer is greater than 624 000. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if their
common difference is not – 1800. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if 585 225 is
not explicitly identified as the maximum of the function.

585225 (m3 )< 624000 (m3 ) (R1)

Hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.

OR

sketch with concave down curve and labelled 624000 horizontal line
(M1)

Note: Accept a label of “tank volume” instead of a numerical value. Award

(M0) if the line and the curve intersect.

curve explicitly labelled as (Sn =) n (2 ×

2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) or
equivalent (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a written explanation interpreting the sketch. Accept a
comparison of values, e.g 585225 (m 3 )< 624000 (m 3 ), where 585225 is the
graphical maximum. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if their common difference
is not – 1800.

the line and the curve do not intersect (R1)

hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.
 OR

624000 = n (2 ×
2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted arithmetic series formula
equated to 624000 (623538).

Demonstrates there is no solution (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a correct working that the discriminant is less than zero
OR correct working indicating there is no real solution in the quadratic
formula.

There is no (real) solution (to this equation) (R1)

hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: At most (M1)(A0)(R0) for their correctly substituted arithmetic series

formula = 624000, 623538 or 622800 with a statement "no solution". Follow
through from their part (b).

[3 marks]

11
Consider ( )= 11! .
a a! 9!

18a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 11 − a = 9, 11!
9!(11−9)!
a=2 A1 N2
[2 marks]

18b. Hence or otherwise find the coefficient of the term in x9 in the [4 marks]
11
expansion of (x + 3) .
 Markscheme
valid approach for expansion using n = 11 (M1)
11 11 11
eg ( ) x11−r 3r , a11 b0 + ( ) a10 b1 + ( ) a9 b2 + …
r 1 2
evidence of choosing correct term A1
11 11 11
eg ( ) 32 , ( ) x9 32 , ( ) 32
2 2 9
correct working for binomial coefficient (seen anywhere, do not accept
factorials) A1
11
eg 55, ( ) = 55, 55 × 32 , (55 × 9) x9 , 11×10
2 ×9
2
495 A1 N2
Note: If there is clear evidence of adding instead of multiplying, award A1 for
the correct working for binomial coefficient, but no other marks. For example,
55x9 × 32 would earn M0A0A1A0.
Do not award final A1 for a final answer of 495x9 , even if 495 is seen
previously. If no working shown, award N1 for 495x9 .
[4 marks]

The first two terms of a geometric sequence are u1 = 2.1 and u2 = 2.226.

19a. Find the value of r. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
, 2.226
u1
eg u2 2.1 , 2.226 = 2.1r
r = 1.06 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]

19b. Find the value of u10 . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
eg 2.1 × 1.069
3.54790 A1 N2
u10 = 3.55
[2 marks]

19c. Find the least value of n such that Sn > 5543. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into Sn formula (A1)
2.1(1.06n−1) 2.1(1.06n−1)
eg 1.06−1
, 1.06−1
> 5543, 2.1 (1.06n − 1) = 332.58, sketch of
Sn and y = 5543
correct inequality for
n or crossover values A1
eg n > 87.0316, S87 = 5532.73 and S88 = 5866.79
n = 88 A1 N2
[3 marks]

Consider f(x) = √x sin ( π4 x) and g(x) = √x for x ≥ 0. The first time the graphs
of f and g intersect is at x = 0.

20a. Find the two smallest non-zero values of x for which f(x) = g(x). [5 marks]
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
correct working (A1)
eg sin ( π4 x) = 1, √x (1 − sin ( π4 x)) = 0

sin ( π2 ) = 1 (seen anywhere) (A1)

correct working (ignore additional values) (A1)
π π π π
eg 4
x = 2, 4x = 2 + 2π
x = 2, 10 A1A1 N1N1
[5 marks]

The set of all non-zero values that satisfy f(x) = g(x) can be described as an
arithmetic sequence, un = a + bn where n ≥ 1.

20b. At point P, the graphs of f and g intersect for the 21st time. Find the [4 marks]
coordinates of P.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg first intersection at x = 0, n = 20
correct working A1
eg −6 + 8 × 20, 2 + (20 − 1) × 8, u20 = 154
P(154, √154) (accept x = 154 and y = √154) A1A1 N3
[4 marks]
20c. The following diagram shows part of the graph of g reflected in the x- [4 marks]
axis. It also shows part of the graph of f and the point P.

Find an expression for the area of the shaded region. Do not calculate the value of
the expression.

Markscheme
valid attempt to find upper boundary (M1)
eg half way between u20 and u21, u20 + d2 , 154 + 4, −2 + 8n, at least two
values of new sequence {6, 14, ...}
upper boundary at x = 158 (seen anywhere) (A1)
correct integral expression (accept missing dx) A1A1 N4
158 158
eg ∫0(√x sin ( π4 x) + √x) dx, ∫0 (g + f) dx),
158 158
∫0 √x sin ( π4 x) dx − ∫0 −√x dx
Note: Award A1 for two correct limits and A1 for correct integrand. The A1
for correct integrand may be awarded independently of all the other marks.
[4 marks]

The first terms of an infinite geometric sequence, un , are 2, 6, 18, 54, …

The first terms of a second infinite geometric sequence, vn , are 2, −6, 18, −54, …
The terms of a third sequence, wn , are defined as wn = un + vn .

225 m
∑ ∑
The finite series, k=1 wk , can also be written in the form k=0 4rk .

21a. Write down the first three non-zero terms of wn . [3 marks]

 Markscheme
attempt to add corresponding terms (M1)
n−1
eg 2 + 2, 6 + (−6) , 2(3) + 2(−3)n−1
correct value for w5 (A1)
eg 324
4, 36, 324 (accept 4 + 36 + 324) A1 N3
[3 marks]

21b. Find the value of r. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 4 × r1 = 36, 4 × 9n−1
m
∑
r = 9 (accept k=0 4 × 9k ; m may be incorrect) A1 N2
[2 marks]

21c. Find the value of m . [2 marks]

Markscheme
recognition that 225 terms of wn consists of 113 non-zero terms (M1)
113 112
∑ ∑
eg 1 , 0 , 113
1
∑
m = 112 (accept k=0 124 × rk ; r may be incorrect) A1 N2
[2 marks]
 John purchases a new bicycle for 880 US dollars (USD) and pays for it with a
Canadian credit card. There is a transaction fee of 4.2 % charged to John by the
credit card company to convert this purchase into Canadian dollars (CAD).
The exchange rate is 1 USD = 1.25 CAD.

22a. Calculate, in CAD, the total amount John pays for the bicycle. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
1.042 × 880 × 1.25 OR (880 + 0.042 × 880) × 1.25 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying 880 by 1.042 and (M1) for multiplying 880
by 1.25.
1150 (CAD) (1146.20 (CAD)) (A1)(G2)
Note: Accept 1146.2 (CAD)
[3 marks]

John insures his bicycle with a US company. The insurance company produces the
following table for the bicycle’s value during each year.

The values of the bicycle form a geometric sequence.

22b. Find the value of the bicycle during the 5th year. Give your answer to [3 marks]
two decimal places.
 Markscheme
704 563.20
880
OR 704
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly dividing sequential terms to find the common
ratio, or 0.8 seen.
880(0.8)5−1 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric sequence formula.
360.45 (USD) (A1)(G3)
Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is not correct to 2 decimal
places. Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0) if r = 1.25 .
[3 marks]

22c. Calculate, in years, when the bicycle value will be less than 50 USD. [2 marks]

Markscheme
880(0.8)n−1 < 50 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric sequence formula
and (in)equating to 50. Accept weak or strict inequalities. Accept an equation.
Follow through from their common ratio in part (b). Accept a sketch of their GP
with y = 50 as a valid method.
OR
u13 = 60.473 AND u14 = 48.379 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their u13 and u14 both seen. If the student states
u14 = 48.379 < 50, without u13 = 60.473 seen, this is not sufficient to award
(M1).
14 or “14th year” or “after the 13th year” (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: The context of the question requires the final answer to be an integer.
Award at most (M1)(A0) for a final answer of 13.9 years. Follow through from
their 0.8 in part (b).
[2 marks]

During the 1st year John pays 120 USD to insure his bicycle. Each year the
amount he pays to insure his bicycle is reduced by 3.50 USD.

22d. Find the total amount John has paid to insure his bicycle for the first 5 [3 marks]
years.
 Markscheme
5
2 ((2 × 120) + (−3.5 (5 − 1))) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into arithmetic series formula, (A1) for
correct substitution.
565 (USD) (A1)(G2)
[3 marks]

22e. John purchased the bicycle in 2008. [3 marks]

Justify why John should not insure his bicycle in 2019.

Markscheme
2019 is the 12th year/term (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 12 seen.
75.59 (value of bicycle) AND 81.5 (cost of insurance policy) (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for both sequences’ 12th term seen. The value of the
bicycle will follow through from their common ratio in part (b). Do not award
(M0)(A1).
the cost of the insurance policy is greater than the value of the bicycle
(R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for a reason consistent with their cost of insurance
policy and their value of the bicycle. Follow through within this part. Award
(R0) if the correct values are not explicitly seen. Accept the following
contextualized reasons: “the insurance is not worth it", "the values are too
close", "insurance is as much as the value of the bike", but only if their cost of
insurance is greater than the value of the bicycle.
OR
75.59 < 81.5 (R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for a correct numerical comparison showing their cost of
insurance policy is greater than their value of the bicycle. Follow through
within this part.
[3 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence, u1 = 1.3 , u2 = 1.4 and uk = 31.2.

23a. Find the exact value of Sk . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
300 300 300
eg 2 (1.3 + 31.2) , 2 [2 (1.3) + (300 − 1) (0.1)] , 2 [2.6 + 299 (0.1)]
Sk = 4875 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Consider the terms, un , of this sequence such that n ≤ k.

Let F be the sum of the terms for which n is not a multiple of 3.

23b. Show that F = 3240. [5 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing need to find the sequence of multiples of 3 (seen anywhere)
(M1)
eg first term is u3 (= 1.5) (accept notation u1 = 1.5 ) ,
d = 0.1 × 3 (= 0.3) , 100 terms (accept n = 100), last term is 31.2
(accept notation u100 = 31.2 ) , u3 + u6 + u9 + … (accept
F = u3 + u6 + u9 + …)
correct working for sum of sequence where n is a multiple of 3 A2
100
2 (1.5 + 31.2) , 50 (2 × 1.5 + 99 × 0.3) , 1635
valid approach (seen anywhere) (M1)
100
eg Sk − (u3 + u6 + …) , Sk − 2 (1.5 + 31.2) , Sk − (their sum for
(u3 + u6 + …))
correct working (seen anywhere) A1
eg Sk − 1635 , 4875 − 1635
F = 3240 AG N0
[5 marks]

23c. An infinite geometric series is given as S∞ =a+ a + a

2 + …, a ∈ Z+ [5 marks]
√2
.
Find the largest value of a such that S∞ < F.
 Markscheme
attempt to find r (M1)

eg dividing consecutive terms

correct value of r (seen anywhere, including in formula)

1 a
eg , 0.707106… ,
√2 0.293…

correct working (accept equation) (A1)

eg a < 3240
1− 1
√2

correct working A1

METHOD 1 (analytical)

eg 3240 × (1 − ),
1
√2
a < 948.974 , 948.974

METHOD 2 (using table, must find both S∞ values)

eg when a = 948 , S∞ = 3236.67 … AND when a = 949 , S∞ = 3240.08 …

a = 948 A1 N2

[5 marks]

Tommaso plans to compete in a regional bicycle race after he graduates, however

he needs to buy a racing bicycle. He finds a bicycle that costs 1100 euro (EUR).
Tommaso has 950 EUR and invests this money in an account that pays 5 %
interest per year, compounded monthly.

24a. Determine the amount that he will have in his account after 3 years. [3 marks]
Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
5 12×3
950 × (1 + 12×100
) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution in the compound interest formula: (A1) for
correct substitution.
OR
N=3
I% = 5
PV = 950
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for other correct entries.
OR
N = 36
I% = 5
PV = 950
P/Y = 12
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for other correct entries.
1103.40 (EUR) (A1)(G3)
Note: Answer must be given to 2 decimal places.
[3 marks]

The cost of the bicycle, C, can be modelled by C = 20x + 1100, where x is the
number of years since Tommaso invested his money.

24b. Find the difference between the cost of the bicycle and the amount of [3 marks]
money in Tommaso’s account after 3 years. Give your answer correct
to two decimal places.
 Markscheme
(20 × 3 + 1100) − 1103.40 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into cost of bike function, (M1) for
subtracting their answer to part (a). This subtraction may be implied by their
final answer (follow through from their part (a) for this implied subtraction).
55.60 (EUR) (A1)(ft)(G3)
Note: Follow through from part (a). The answer must be two decimal places.
[3 marks]

24c. After m complete months Tommaso will, for the first time, have [5 marks]
enough money in his account to buy the bicycle.
Find the value of m .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
5 12x
950 × (1 + 12×100
) = 20x + 1100 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in the compound interest
formula with a variable in the exponent; (M1) for comparing their expressions
provided variables are the same (not an expression with x for years and
another with x representing months). Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0)(M1)(A0)
for substitution of an integer in both expressions and comparison of the
results. Accept inequality.
(x =) 4.52157… (years) (A1)(ft)
4.52157… × 12 (= 54.2588…) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying their value for x by 12. This may be
implied.
m = 55 (months) (A1)(ft)(G4)

METHOD 2
5 m
950 × (1 + 12×100
) = 20 × m
12 + 1100 (M1)(M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in the compound interest
formula with a variable in the exponent to solve; (M1) for comparing their
expressions provided variables are the same; (M1) for converting years to
months in these expressions. Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0)(M1)(A0) for
substitution of an integer in both expressions and comparison of the results.
Accept inequality.
m = 54.2588… (months) (A1)(ft)
 m = 55 (months) (A1)(ft)(G4)

METHOD 3

(M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for each graph drawn.

(x =) 4.52157… (years) (A1)(ft)
4.52157… × 12 (= 54.2588…) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying their value for x by 12. This may be
implied.
If the graphs drawn are in terms of months, leading to a value of
54.2588…, award (M1)(M1)(M1)(A1) , consistent with METHOD 2.
m = 55 (months) (A1)(ft)(G4)
Note: Follow through for a compound interest formula consistent with their
part (a). The final (A1)(ft) can only be awarded for correct answer, or their
correct answer following through from previous parts and only if value is
rounded up. For example, do not award (M0)(M0)(A0)(M1)(A1) (ft) for an
unsupported “5 years × 12 = 60” or similar.

[5 marks]

The first two terms of an infinite geometric sequence are u1 = 18 and u2 = 12sin2
θ , where 0 < θ < 2π , and θ ≠ π.

25a. Find an expression for r in terms of θ. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
u2
eg u1
, uu12

r= 12 sin2 θ
18
(= 2 sin2 θ
3
) A1 N2

[2 marks]
25b. Find the values of θ which give the greatest value of the sum. [6 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using differentiation)
dS
recognizing d ∞
θ
= 0 (seen anywhere) (M1)
dS
finding any correct expression for d ∞ (A1)
θ
0−54×(−2 sin 2 θ )
eg 2 , −54(2 + cos 2 θ)−2 (−2 sin 2 θ)
(2+cos 2 θ )
correct working (A1)
eg sin 2θ = 0
any correct value for sin−1(0) (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg 0, π, … , sketch of sine curve with x-intercept(s) marked both correct
values for 2θ (ignore additional values) (A1)
2θ = π, 3π (accept values in degrees)
π 3π
both correct answers θ= 2, 2 A1 N4
Note: Award A0 if either or both correct answers are given in degrees.
Award A0 if additional values are given.

METHOD 2 (using denominator)

recognizing when S∞ is greatest (M1)
eg 2 + cos 2θ is a minimum, 1− r is smallest
correct working (A1)
eg minimum value of 2 + cos 2θ is 1, minimum r = 23
correct working (A1)
eg cos 2 θ = −1, 23 sin2 θ = 23 , sin2 θ = 1
EITHER (using cos 2θ)
any correct value for cos−1(−1) (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg π, 3π, … (accept values in degrees), sketch of cosine curve with x-
intercept(s) marked
both correct values for 2θ (ignore additional values) (A1)
2θ = π, 3π (accept values in degrees)
OR (using sinθ)
sinθ = ±1 (A1)
−1 π
 sin−1(1) = π2 (accept values in degrees) (seen anywhere) A1
THEN
π 3π
both correct answers θ= 2, 2 A1 N4
Note: Award A0 if either or both correct answers are given in degrees.
Award A0 if additional values are given.
[6 marks]

f (x) = e2 sin( 2 ) , for x > 0.

πx
Let
The k th maximum point on the graph of f has x-coordinate xk where k ∈ Z+ .

26a. Given that xk + 1 = xk + a, find a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach to find maxima (M1)
eg one correct value of xk, sketch of f
any two correct consecutive values of xk (A1)(A1)
eg x1 = 1, x2 = 5
a=4 A1 N3
[4 marks]

26b. n [4 marks]
∑
Hence find the value of n such that k=1 xk = 861.
 Markscheme
recognizing the sequence x1, x2, x3, …, xn is arithmetic (M1)
eg d = 4
correct expression for sum (A1)
eg n2 (2 (1) + 4 (n − 1))
valid attempt to solve for n (M1)
eg graph, 2n2 − n − 861 = 0
n = 21 A1 N2
[4 marks]

The first term of an infinite geometric sequence is 4. The sum of the infinite
sequence is 200.

27a. Find the common ratio. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
correct substitution into infinite sum (A1)
4
eg 200 = 1−
r
r = 0.98 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]

27b. Find the sum of the first 8 terms. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
8
4(1−0.98 )
1−0.98
29.8473
29.8 A1 N2
[2 marks]

27c. Find the least value of n for which Sn > 163. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to set up inequality (accept equation) (M1)
4(1−0.98n) 4(1−0.98n)
eg 1−0.98
> 163, 1−0.98
= 163
correct inequality for n (accept equation) or crossover values (A1)
eg n > 83.5234, n = 83.5234, S83 = 162.606 and S84 = 163.354
n = 84 A1 N1
[3 marks]

28. The following diagram shows [CD], with length bcm , where b > 1. [9 marks]
2 3
Squares with side lengths kcm, k cm, k cm, …, where 0 < k < 1, are
drawn along [CD]. This process is carried on indefinitely. The diagram shows the
first three squares.

9
The total sum of the areas of all the squares is 16 . Find the value of b .
 Markscheme
recognizing infinite geometric series with squares (M1)
2
eg k2 + k4 + k6 + … , k 2
1−k
9
correct substitution into S∞ = 16
(must substitute into formula) (A2)
k2 9
eg
1−k2
= 16
correct working (A1)
9
eg 16k2 = 9 − 9k2 , 25k2 = 9, k2 = 25
3
k= 5
(seen anywhere) A1

valid approach with segments and CD (may be seen earlier) (M1)

eg r = k, S∞ = b
correct expression for b in terms of k (may be seen earlier) (A1)
∞
∑
k
eg b = 1−
k
, b = n=1 kn , b = k + k2 + k3 + …
substituting their value of k into their formula for b (M1)
3 ( 35 )
eg 5
,
1− 35 ( 25 )

3
b= 2 A1 N3
[9 marks]

Juan buys a bicycle in a sale. He gets a discount of 30% off the original price and
pays 560 US dollars (USD).

29a. Calculate the original price of the bicycle. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
560
70
× 100 (or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for dividing 560 by 0.7 or equivalent.

= 800 (USD) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

To buy the bicycle, Juan takes a loan of 560 USD for 6 months at a nominal annual
interest rate of 75%, compounded monthly. Juan believes that the total amount
he will pay will be less than the original price of the bicycle.

29b. Calculate the difference between the original price of the bicycle and [4 marks]
the total amount Juan will pay.
Markscheme
75 12× 12
560(1 + 12×100
) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into interest formula, (A1) for their
correct substitution.

OR
1
N= 2
I% = 75
PV = (±)560
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for all other entries correct.
OR
N=6
I% = 75
PV = (±)560
P/Y = 12
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for all other entries correct.

= 805.678 … (USD) (A1)

Note: Award (A3) for 805.678… (806) seen without working.

(Juan spends) 5.68 (USD) (5.67828… USD) (more than the original price)
(A1)(ft) (C4)
[4 marks]

16 8 4
 The first three terms of a geometric sequence are ln x16 , ln x8 , ln x4 , for x > 0.

30. Find the common ratio. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
correct use log xn = n log x A1
eg 16 ln x
valid approach to find r (M1)
un+1 ln x8
eg un
, ln x16
, 48 ln x,
ln x
ln x4 = ln x16 × r2
1
r= 2 A1 N2
[3 marks]
 The company Snakezen’s Ladders makes ladders of different lengths. All the
ladders that the company makes have the same design such that:
the first rung is 30 cm from the base of the ladder,
the second rung is 57 cm from the base of the ladder,
the distance between the first and second rung is equal to the distance between
all adjacent rungs on the ladder.
The ladder in the diagram was made by this company and has eleven equally
spaced rungs.

31a. Find the distance from the base of this ladder to the top rung. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
30 + (11 − 1) × 27 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substituted arithmetic sequence formula, (A1) for
correct substitutions.

= 300 (cm) (A1) (C3)

Note: Units are not required.

[3 marks]

31b. The company also makes a ladder that is 1050 cm long. [3 marks]
Find the maximum number of rungs in this 1050 cm long ladder.

Markscheme
1050 ⩾ 30 + (n − 1) × 27 (M1)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (M1) for substituted arithmetic sequence formula ⩽ 1050,

accept an equation, (A1) for correct substitutions.

n = 38 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Follow through from their 27 in part (a). The answer must be an
integer and rounded down.

[3 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is 3 and the second term is 7.

32a. Find the common difference. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
attempt to subtract terms (M1)
egd = u2 − u1 , 7 − 3
d=4 A1 N2
[2 marks]

32b. Find the tenth term. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct approach (A1)
egu10 = 3 + 9(4)
u10 = 39 A1 N2
[2 marks]

32c. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the sequence. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into sum (A1)
egS10 = 5(3 + 39), S10 = 10
2 (2 × 3 + 9 × 4)
S10 = 210 A1 N2
[2 marks]

33. Consider a geometric sequence where the first term is 768 and the [6 marks]
second term is 576.
Find the least value of n such that the nth term of the sequence is less than 7.
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
attempt to find r (M1)
576
eg 768
, 768
576
, 0.75
correct expression for un (A1)
eg 768(0.75)n−1
EITHER (solving inequality)
valid approach (accept equation) (M1)
eg un < 7
valid approach to find n M1
7
eg 768(0.75)n−1 = 7, n − 1 > log 0.75 ( 768 ), sketch
correct value
eg n = 17.3301 (A1)
n = 18 (must be an integer) A1 N2
OR (table of values)
valid approach (M1)
eg un > 7, one correct crossover value
both crossover values, u17 = 7.69735 and u18 = 5.77301 A2
n = 18 (must be an integer) A1 N2
OR (sketch of functions)
valid approach M1
eg sketch of appropriate functions
valid approach (M1)
eg finding intersections or roots (depending on function sketched)
correct value
eg n = 17.3301 (A1)
n = 18 (must be an integer) A1 N2
[6 marks]

O 3
 The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 3.

Points A, P and B lie on the circumference of the circle.

Chord [AB] has length L and AÔB = θ radians.

34a. Show that arc APB has length 6π − 3θ. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
EITHER
uses the arc length formula (M1)
arc length is 3(2π − θ) A1
OR
length of arc AB is 3θ A1
the sum of the lengths of arc AB and arc APB is 6π A1
THEN
so arc APB has length 6π − 3θ AG
[2 marks]

34b. Show that L = √18 − 18 cos θ. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
uses the cosine rule (M1)
L2 = 32 + 32 − 2(3)(3) cos θ A1
so L = √18 − 18 cos θ AG
[2 marks]

34c. Arc APB is twice the length of chord [AB] . [3 marks]

Find the value of θ.

Markscheme
6π − 3θ = 2√18 − 18 cos θ A1
attempts to solve for θ (M1)
θ = 2. 49 A1
[3 marks]

The temperature T °C of water t minutes after being poured into a cup can be
modelled by T = T0 e−kt where t ≥ 0 and T0 , k are positive constants.
The water is initially boiling at 100 °C. When t = 10, the temperature of the water
is 70 °C.

35a. Show that T0 = 100. [1 mark]

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
when t = 0, T = 100 ⇒ 100 = T0 e0 A1
so T0 = 100 AG
[1 mark]

1 10
35b. Show that k = 1 ln 10 . [3 marks]
10 7

Markscheme
correct substitution of t = 10, T = 70 M1
7
70 = 100e−10k or e−10k = 10
EITHER
7
−10k = ln 10
A1
7
ln 10
= − ln 10
7
or − ln 7
10
= ln 10
7
A1

OR
e10k = 10
7
A1
10
10k = ln 7
A1

THEN
1
k= 10
ln 10
7
AG

[3 marks]

35c. Find the temperature of the water when t = 15. [2 marks]

Markscheme
substitutes t = 15 into T (M1)
T = 58. 6 (°C) A1
[2 marks]

35d. Sketch the graph of T versus t, clearly indicating any asymptotes with [4 marks]
their equations and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection
with the axes.
 Markscheme

a decreasing exponential A1
starting at(0, 100) labelled on the graph or stated A1
T → 0 as t → ∞ A1
horizontal asymptote T = 0 labelled on the graph or stated A1
Note: Award A0 for stating y = 0 as the horizontal asymptote.
[4 marks]

35e. Find the time taken for the water to have a temperature of 50 °C. Give [4 marks]
your answer correct to the nearest second.

Markscheme
1
100e−kt = 50 where k = 10
ln 10
7
A1

EITHER
uses an appropriate graph to attempt to solve for t (M1)
OR
1 1 10
manipulates logs to attempt to solve for t e.g. ln 2 =(− 10 ln 7
)t (M1)
t= ln2 = 19. 433 … A1
1 10
ln
10 7

THEN
temperature will be 50 °C after 19 minutes and 26 seconds A1
[4 marks]
35f. The model for the temperature of the water can also be expressed in [3 marks]
t
the form T = T0 a 10 for t ≥ 0 and a is a positive constant.
Find the exact value of a .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
t
substitutes T0 = 100, t = 10 and T = 70 into T = T0 a 10 (M1)
10
70 = 100a 10 A1
7
a= 10
A1

METHOD 2
t
1
100a 10 = 100e−kt where k = 10
ln 10
7
EITHER
1
e−k = a 10 ⇒ a = e−10k (M1)
OR
10
( - 101 ln )t
a = (e )
10 t
7 (M1)

THEN

a = e− ln 7 (= eln 10 ) A1
10 7

7
a= 10
A1

[3 marks]

2
Consider the function f(x)= e−x − 0. 5, for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2.

36a. Find the values of x for which f(x) = 0. [2 marks]

Markscheme
x = −0. 832554 … , x = 0. 832554 …
x = −0. 833, x = 0. 833 A1A1

[2 marks]
36b. Sketch the graph of f on the following grid. [3 marks]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape. Only if this mark

is awarded, award A1 for approximately correct roots and maximum point and
A1 for approximately correct endpoints.
Allow −1 < x ≤ −0. 8, 0. 8 ≤ x < 1 for roots, x = 0, 0. 4 ≤ y ≤ 0. 6
for maximum and x = ±2, − 0. 6 ≤ y ≤ −0. 4 for endpoints.

[3 marks]
 37. Consider a triangle ABC, where AC = 12, CB = 7 and BÂC = 25°. [5 marks]

Find the smallest possible perimeter of triangle ABC .

Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to use cosine rule (M1)
122 + AB2 − 2 × 12 × cos 25° × AB = 72 OR
AB2 − 21. 7513 … AB + 95 = 0 (A1)
at least one correct value for AB (A1)
AB = 6. 05068 … OR AB = 15. 7007 …
using their smaller value for AB to find minimum perimeter (M1)
12 + 7 + 6. 05068 …

OR
attempt to use sine rule (M1)
sinB
12 = sin25
7
°
OR sin B = 0. 724488 … OR B̂ = 133. 573 … ° OR
B̂ = 46. 4263 … ° (A1)
at least one correct value for C (A1)
Ĉ = 21. 4263 … ° OR Ĉ = 108. 573 … °
using their acute value for Ĉ to find minimum perimeter (M1)
12 + 7 + √122 + 72 − 2 × 12 × 7 cos 21. 4263 … ° OR
12 + 7 + 7sin21.4263…
sin25°
°

THEN
25. 0506 …
minimum perimeter = 25. 1. A1

[5 marks]

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