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01 Introuduction To Mechanical Engineering L

Mechanical engineering focuses on inventing, developing, analyzing, designing, manufacturing, and maintaining mechanical and electromechanical systems. It applies advanced mathematics, physics, engineering physics, chemistry, materials science and other sciences. Some key areas of mechanical engineering include forces and motion, thermofluids, energy, machines and mechanisms, mechatronics, and manufacturing. The field has its roots in inventions and advances made by ancient Greeks and Islamic inventors, with further developments during the Renaissance due to advances in physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

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34 views52 pages

01 Introuduction To Mechanical Engineering L

Mechanical engineering focuses on inventing, developing, analyzing, designing, manufacturing, and maintaining mechanical and electromechanical systems. It applies advanced mathematics, physics, engineering physics, chemistry, materials science and other sciences. Some key areas of mechanical engineering include forces and motion, thermofluids, energy, machines and mechanisms, mechatronics, and manufacturing. The field has its roots in inventions and advances made by ancient Greeks and Islamic inventors, with further developments during the Renaissance due to advances in physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Uploaded by

Na Gh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mechanical Engineering is the discipline that

focuses on the invention, development, analysis,


design, manufacturing, and maintenance of
mechanical and electromechanical systems.

It is based on the application of advanced


mathematics, physics, engineering physics,
chemistry, materials science and other sciences
Mechanical Engineering Dates to Greeks & Others of
Antiquity
• Archimedes (287-212 BC): Water Pump
• Heron of Alexandria (10 – 70 AD): Steam Engine
• Ma Jun (200–265 AD) : Chariot with differential gears
• Mathematical tools: arithmetic, plane geometry
• Science: materials

Middle ages inventions by Islamic inventors


• Valves, mechanical clock, crankshaft, camshaft
• Mathematics (advances in algebra)

Renaissance: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Become


Tools to Advance Mechanical Engineering
• Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Newtonian Physics
• Calculus
• Synthesis of materials
Forces, motion, structures: statics, dynamics, kinematics,
Mechanics of materials, composite materials, finite element analysis,
modeling and simulation

Thermo-fluids/Energy : Thermodynamics, Heat transfer, Fluid


mechanics, HVAC. Refrigeration, Internal combustion engines, gas
dynamics, Power plants, fluid power control. Renewable and sustainable
energy. Design of Thermal systems. Fuel and combustion, turbomachinery,
wind energy, CSP systems, PV systems Heat exchangers, desalination, bio-
fuel, environment, acoustics.
.

Machines: Graphics, CAD, machine design, mechanics of machinery,


controls, mechanical vibrations, instrumentations, automotive
systems. Maintenance engineering
Mechatronics and electrical: electrical circuits, electrical machines,
electronics and digital logic, microcontrollers, vision technology, MEMS,
real time systems, robotics, intelligent systems, mechatronics system design.

Economics and Management: Engineering economics and


management, project management, safety, energy management and
sustainability.
.

Overall foundations: Math, Physics, chemistry, programming and


computational skills, communication skills, humanities.
SCIENCE ENGINEERING
▪ Science:
▪ Investigation, understanding, and discovery of
nature, its composition, and its behavior (i.e., “laws
of nature”)
▪ Why
▪ Build (experiments, tools, devices, etc.) to learn
▪ Engineering:
▪ Manipulating the forces of nature to advance
humanity
▪ How
▪ Learn to build (products and services useful for
humans)
▪ Profession in which knowledge of math and natural sciences,
gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with
judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials
and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
▪ Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)
▪ Engineering: Latin root, ingeniere, to design or to
devise
▪ Engineering is design under constraint
↓
device, component, subsystem, system such as

Airplane Heart Valve


Engine Air Conditioner

Microcontroller Prosthetics
The Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree in ME in the
Faculty of Engineering at JUST is awarded after
the successful completion of 160 credit hours
(C.H). The 160 C.H are distributed as shown in
Table (1).
Department web site: (read carefully)
▪ Program
▪ 2019 Curriculum of Mechanical Engineering
▪ Laboratories
Object in equilibrium

F =0
x

F =0
y

M = 0 o
The moment of a force is a measure of its tendency to
rotate an object about some point

Moment of force W
about pivot point: W×d

Balancing Beams using


moment of forces
1st Law:
2nd Law:
3rd Law:

F=ma
1- Which newton’s law
2- why F and a in bold
▪ Linear motion
▪ motion in a straight line (example: train on a
track)
▪ Reciprocating motion
▪ linear motion that goes back and forth (example:
pushing a slider-crank back and forth, such as
the piston in an internal combustion engine)
▪ Rotary motion
▪ circular motion (example: the hands of a clock
moving, or a wheel on an axle)
▪ Oscillating motion
▪ circular or arc-motion back and forth (example:
the swing of a pendulum or the turning and
release of a doorknob)
Gravitational Potential Energy: Energy stored by an object as it
gains elevation within a gravitational field

U = mgh, m : mass of object, g = sgravitational constant,


h : elevation of object
Elastic Potential Energy: Energy stored by an object when it is
stretched or bent.
1 2
U = kx , k : spring constant, x = spring stretch/compression
2
Kinetic Energy: Energy associated with an object’s motion.
1 2
U = mv , m : mass of object, v = speed of object
2
Translational motion

x, x
mx =  F F1

Fn m
Rotational motion

I =  M I
M1 Mn
When a force F acting on an object displaces it by distance d, the
force F is said to have done work W

W = f d

Power is the rate at which work is performed

W
P=
t
MACHINE COMPONENTS: BASIC ELEMENTS (TRADITIONAL)

Gear, rack, pinion, etc.

Cam and Follower


Chain and sprocket
Inclined plane wedge

Lever

Slider-Crank

Linkage Wheel/Axle Springs


Manufacturing

Machines & Mechanism


▪ Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the
mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces
on them.
Force produced by fluid pressure

When an object is fully or partially


immersed in a fluid, due to the pressure
difference of the fluid between the top
and bottom of the object, buoyant force
acts on the object causing it to float

The net upward buoyancy force is equal


to the magnitude of the weight of fluid
displaced by the body

Buoyancy is important for boats, ships,


balloons, and airships
Force that resists the motion of an object
through a fluid

Drag force arises from the motion of an


object through fluid

Drag force arises from the flow of fluid


An object moving through a fluid
past an object experiences a force in direction
opposite to its motion. Terminal
velocity is achieved when the
drag force is equal in magnitude
but opposite in direction to the
force propelling the object.
Lift forces arises as a fluid flows around a structure
Lift force acts perpendicular to the direction of flow
Converting heat energy to mechanical work
▪ Heat transfer is the movement of heat from one substance or material to another.
▪ Heat transfer takes place through three principal mechanisms: conduction,
radiation, and convection.
▪ Design and Analysis: Mainly for heating and cooling needs.
.
▪ Heat transfer is the movement of heat from one substance or material to another.
▪ Heat transfer takes place through three principal mechanisms: conduction,
radiation, and convection.
▪ Design and Analysis: Mainly for heating and cooling needs.
.
▪ Successful engineering design improves
quality of life while working within technical,
economic, business, societal, and ethical
constraints.
▪ Technology: Outcome of engineering
Sketching 3-D Modeling Analysis

Prototyping 2-D Drawing Team Work


• Problem Identification: get with customer.
• Conceptual Design : Ideas, sketches and solution lists.
• Refinement: Computer modeling, Data base development.
• Testing: Drawing, reports, specifications.
• Prototyping: Visualizing and improving the design.
• Communication: Ideas, sketches and solution lists.
• Production: Final design, manufacturing, distribution.
Analysis & Design

Aerodynamic Design of Vehicles Compute Aided Analysis & Design


Air & Space

UAV

Space Shuttle
Systems

Utilities
Robotics
Motors & Generators

Motor
Generator
Energy

Wind Energy Fuel Cell


Oscilloscope
Power Supply

Measurement
MECHATRONICS
is an interdisciplinary area of engineering that combines mechanical and
electrical/electronic engineering and computer science. A typical
mechatronic system picks up signals from the environment, processes
them to generate output signals, transforming them for example into
forces, motions and actions.
(CONCLUDING REMARKS)
▪ Research: Advance field
▪ Development: Lab to market
▪ Testing: Verify integrity, reliability, quality
▪ Design: Develop specs for manufacturing,
construction, etc.
▪ Analysis: Use math models to aid in R&D
▪ Systems: Integrate components to produce
functioning product Manufacturing: Develop
plants and process to make products
▪ Construction: Build
Why: Control and assure the quality of our graduates

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