Add Maths Formula Proving

For (1) to (3), let 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑝 and 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑞 , then 𝑝 = log 𝑎 𝑥 and 𝑞 = log 𝑎 𝑦. Note: Change form
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥
(1) F4 Chapter 4 – Product Law (2) F4 Chapter 4 – Division Law log 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑥
Since 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑝 × 𝑎𝑞 = 𝑎𝑝+𝑞 , 𝑥 𝑎𝑝
Since = = 𝑎𝑝−𝑞 ,
𝑦 𝑎𝑞
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑝+𝑞 𝑥
log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 𝑎𝑝−𝑞
𝑦
log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦 𝑥
log 𝑎 = 𝑝 − 𝑞
𝑦
𝑥
log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦
𝑦

(3) F4 Chapter 4 – Power Law (4) F4 Chapter 4 – Changing base

Since 𝑥 𝑛 = (𝑎𝑝 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑝𝑛 , Since log 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑥, then 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏.

Thus, Thus,

𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑝𝑛 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑏 Apply log on

log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑝𝑛 log c 𝑎 𝑥 = log 𝑐 𝑏 both sides
log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 log c 𝑎 = log 𝑐 𝑏
log 𝑐 𝑏
𝑥=
log c 𝑎
log 𝑐 𝑏
log 𝑎 𝑏 =
log c 𝑎
(5) F4 Chapter 5 – Sum of first 𝒏 terms on Geometric Progression

𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑟 3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−2 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 --- ○

1

𝑟𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑟 3 + 𝑎𝑟 4 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 --- ○

2

If○
1 minus○
2 , If○
2 minus○
1 ,

𝑆𝑛 − 𝑟𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 𝑟𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 − 𝑎
𝑆𝑛 (1 − 𝑟) = 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 𝑆𝑛 (𝑟 − 1) = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 − 𝑎
𝑎(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟 𝑟−1
 Add Maths Formula Proving

(6) F4 Chapter 7 – Divisor of a Line Segment

Let coordinates 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝑃 as (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (𝑥, 𝑦) respectively. 𝑃 divides the line segment
𝐴𝐵 in the ratio of 𝑚: 𝑛.

Since 𝐴𝐶, 𝑃𝐷 and 𝐵𝐸 are parallel, Since 𝐴𝐶, 𝑃𝐷 and 𝐵𝐸 are parallel,
Meaning
𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝑃 Comparing ratio 𝑃𝐺 𝐴𝑃
By comparing length of 𝐶𝐷 = =
to 𝐷𝐸, its ratio equal to 𝐷𝐸 𝑃𝐵 of the lengths 𝐵𝐹 𝑃𝐵
ratio of length of 𝐴𝑃 to 𝑃𝐵
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑚 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑚
= =
𝑥2 − 𝑥 𝑛 𝑦2 − 𝑦 𝑛
𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) = 𝑚(𝑥2 − 𝑥) 𝑛(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 𝑚(𝑦2 − 𝑦)
⋮ ⋮
𝑛𝑥1 + 𝑚𝑥2 𝑛𝑦1 + 𝑚𝑦2
𝑥= 𝑦=
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛

For (7) and (8), let gradient of 𝐴𝐵 as 𝑚. From the diagram,

𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝐵𝐶
𝑚= = = tan 𝜃
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝐶𝐴
Also, let 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 as gradients of lines 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 respectively.

(7) F4 Chapter 7 – Parallel Lines

If 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 are parallel, then

𝜃1 = 𝜃2
tan 𝜃1 = tan 𝜃2 Apply tan to both sides
𝑚1 = 𝑚2
(8) F4 Chapter 7 – Perpendicular Lines
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
From the diagram, we know that tan 𝜃1 = 𝐵𝐶 and tan 𝜃2 = − 𝐴𝐶 and thus

𝐵𝐶 1 1
tan 𝜃2 = − =− =−
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶 tan 𝜃1
𝐵𝐶
Hence,
1
tan 𝜃2 = −
tan 𝜃1
tan 𝜃1 tan 𝜃2 = −1
𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1
Add Maths Formula Proving

(9) F4 Chapter 9 – Sine Rule

From both triangles, in triangle 𝐵𝐶𝐷,

ℎ
= sin 𝐵
𝑎
ℎ = 𝑎 sin 𝐵
From both triangles, in triangle 𝐴𝐶𝐷,
ℎ
= sin 𝐴
𝑏
ℎ = 𝑏 sin 𝐴
By equalling both equations,

𝑎 sin 𝐵 = 𝑏 sin 𝐴
𝑎 sin 𝐴
=
𝑏 sin 𝐵

(10) F4 Chapter 9 – Cosine Rule

By considering triangle 𝐴𝐶𝐷 and using Pythagoras theorem,

𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + (𝑎 − 𝑥)2 --- ○
1

By considering triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 and using Pythagoras theorem,

𝑐 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2
ℎ 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑥 2 − −○
2

By substituting ○
2 into ○
1 ,

𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 − 𝑥)2
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − −○
3

To change 𝑥, consider the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 again,

𝑥
cos 𝐵 =
𝑐
𝑥 = 𝑐 cos 𝐵

Hence, substituting 𝑥 = 𝑐 cos 𝐵,

𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
 Add Maths Formula Proving
*360° = 2𝜋
(11) F5 Chapter 1 – Arc Length 𝐵
𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑠
= 𝑟
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑)
𝑠 2𝜋𝑟 𝜃
= 𝐴
Meaning 𝜃 2𝜋 𝑂
By comparing 𝑠 to 𝜃, the ratio is equal to
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
whole circle’s circumference to its area

(12) F5 Chapter 1 – Area of a Sector

𝐵
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒
=
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑) 𝑟 𝐴
𝐴 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜃𝜃
= 𝐴
𝜃 2𝜋 𝑂
1 2
𝐴= 𝑟 𝜃
2
(13) F5 Chapter 6 - Double Angle Formulae

a) sin 2𝐴

sin 2𝐴 = sin (𝐴 + 𝐴)
= sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 2sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
b) cos 2𝐴

cos 2𝐴 = cos (𝐴 + 𝐴)
= cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 − −○
1

If sub cos2 𝐴 = 1 − sin2 𝐴 (from cos2 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴 = 1) into ○

1 ,
cos 2𝐴 = cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴
= 1 − sin2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴
= 1 − 2 sin2 𝐴

If sub sin2 𝐴 = 1 − cos2 𝐴 (from cos2 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴 = 1) into ○

1 ,

cos 2𝐴 = cos 2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴

= cos 2 𝐴 − (1 − cos 2 𝐴)
= 2 cos 2 𝐴 − 1
c) tan 2𝐴
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴
tan 2𝐴 =
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐴
2 tan 𝐴
=
1 − tan2 𝐴