General Mathematics:

Revision and Practice

D. Rayner

Second edition
with investigations and answers

0xford
3 Mensuration
Archimedes of Samos (287-212 8.C.)studied at
Alexandria as a young man. One of the first to apply
sCientitic thinking to everyday problems, he was afor
practical man Common sense. He gave proofs
finding the area, the volume and the centre of gravity of
circles, spheres, conics and Ry drawing polygons
sprashebween
with many sides, he arrived at a value of
3
and 3. He was killed in the siege of vracuse at the age
of 75.

3.1 AREA

Kite
Rectangle Trapezium

arca =lzh
area =(a + b)h

area =a
=}x (product
xb
of diagonals)
 l0
m
vertices There it
cm 0 Cm
T20 the
1). diagonals.
Divide
wall?
ol ficld.
area
(1, tiles. the
12.4
m
withof
at the wholesquare.an
shaded. area vertices
triangle of square
two has ofperimeter
8-2
m area
the the thex7 long,
05
m arca the withalongon 7 squares.
3m theFind with m
Find coveredthere a
draw 400the hectare=
the draw5). quadrilateral altogether 10000
m].
Find 5m (3, 6). are paper field,Calculate
smaller
paper
3 (5,3). (3, is tiles
information
to 9. 5). wall rectangular
7m cm squarcd the (5, tilesmanysquared
quaoniae nine
hectares.
cm 1). triangle. square
4 into
7 (1, Draw(6,2). 85 How
On A are On up 20.
at A6
which Scm cm l6. 17. 13. 19.
m
4 3 shaded.
Decide
of longer
diagonals.
long.
m
area
width csides
parallel length parallel
sides
of
tiles
shape 2. 3 the the diagonal. cm
m
S. Find a are of 2 side.suquare
each and diagonal the 16
diagonal needed?
apart is
of 8. m has other of has sidesparallel
by
117 far lengths covered
are
area
of
cm How onetheone cm these
l05 other tiles
the has has the 140of
Part
3Mensurstion Andit. area of is many
of 3lm an
arcacm. m length
length. m' Find areaonethe m
7, all
9 252 40 andof 20 How
has ofumand
lo need cm its cmsides?
rectangle
areatheareaother.
parallel of length
trapezium
by
I apart m cm.
1 questions
Exercie not
Find of Findof the the5
9m. kite kitethan cm loor20
may 9m. Find side
A 11.
At A A A 10 A
roryou 1. 10. 12. 13/ 14. 15.
30
 in
where
triangle shape.
AABC 65.
the 32,B100.
1,C= each
(Sketch 120. of
of =672.
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14
cm,
C80.
area .C=35 B142.
=
BC=. C B the
the A B cm, cm, - cm,
B-32. hnd Sm
cm9 m, cm, Å 101
m 10
cm
hnd m, 2. 12.
10cm,c1-8 a=b=c=08
m. 20,
12and 12 c=6 m.
14 12 -14
m
lo ACb b b cm, a 8 b= B to
cm, c cm, ac=8m,13
a=b=ç= V
1 n, m, cm, a5cm,
am7m, 11.
b=c10 cm
2 questions
Exerce case.)
ach b=32
11 12 b42
questions
ABc, a=7 a3 7
b c
In 1. 2. 3. S. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In 13. 15. 16.
.
the
and
C. sides shown.
=xbxasin
two
h=a
sin
C triangle fig.)
C-! when
known.
cm
X5x7x
sin
52 sig.
sin triangleuseful
the (3
BCD, are C cm²
area
=xbxh. is angle of sin 8
Ara
triangle of
formula area
1Example =}ab 13-8 Parallelogram xhsin
area
=b
Triangle area included the = ba
3.1
This Find Area= =
area
In .:.
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cm
cet hence atile hra 8 aofperimeter for
10.
tiles, side n? n =6,notice?
cm.
a to m.
by andABCDEF.
used485 of of of n
circumscribed up and termns
terms where 600the
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at do pentagon
in in polygons side
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nwith
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Centre EOD? 20 6-25by regular part polygon
is needed?
cdges
sidemeasures polygon.
of a angle 10000. of
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with angleareatheof
the aof regularpolygon theunit. arca
of tiles are area the an the 1000,
cm
regular is the area whichcomplete diagram of 1 is out the a the
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OBWhatWork
of
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room manyFind =
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(a) (b) (c)
29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
cm'. triangle of
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side
adjacent
m Given Given
3 70 ABCD
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the cm. m². andlength
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parallelogram 11 find cm
m =AB, ABCis
cm,is 13, an 40 the
7 and and 12
cm XYZ Find
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cm equilateral15 of of
shaded. m m BC- XøZ-side area 13.
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triangle
19-1
cm a = a a an
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if
of AD of CD diagram and of and
12
m 120 area area an a a andlength m.has
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r thombus
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53 calculator
area.
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shown
1761 be today
kangaroos. of
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obtained so in course, circle
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considering
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value.
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-3-14
cm -3-14
4
x
mathematician significant many expressed many following
formulae
The
computersirrational the drink, of circumference
had 50-2
3.2
THE
CIRCLE have should
memorised.
be (Take 25-1 ?=
Area
the exact . the even he
sides! lot andon md =2mr
circumference
= Circumference
=
d
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tombstone.
on
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T
= - =
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for
3-14159
example, worked
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that m still be ifteen a a working
need
remembered remain
, cm.
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 Part 3 Mensuration

4. Find the radius of a circle of

|1. S8-6 cm.
S. A circle has an arca of 16 mm. Find i.
circumference
circumference
6 Acirele has a
arca
circumlerence of 2500 km S.
7. A circle of radius S cm
is inscribed inside a
square as shown.
Find the area shaded.

8. A circular pond of radius

Erample 2 6m is surrounded by a
A circle has a circumference of 20 m. Find the path of width I m.
radius of the circle. (Take =3-14.) (a) Find the area of the

Let the radius of the circle be r m. path.

(b) The path is resurfaced
with astroturf which
Circumference = 2mr
2Tr =20 is bought in packs
cach containing cnough
20
to cover an area of 7 m. How many
containers are required?
r=3-18 9. Discs of radius 4 cm are cut from a rectangular
The radius of the circle is 3-18 m (3 plastic sheet of length 84 cm and width 24 cm.
s.F.).
How many complete discs can be cut out? Find
(a)) the total area of the discs cut
Erample 3 (b) the area of the sheet wasted.
A circle has an area of 45 cm². Find the radius of 10. The tyre of a car wheel has an outer diameter of
the circle. (Take =3-14.) 30 cm. How many times will the wheel rotate on a
journey of S km?
Let the radius of the circle be r cm. 11. Agolf ball of diameter 1-68 inches rolls a distance
of 4 m in a straight line. How many times does the
=45
ball rotate completely?
(1 inch 2-54 cm)
12. 100 yards of cotton is wound without stretching

r--378 (0 sE) onto a rccl of diameter 3 cm. How many times

does the reel rotate?
The radius of the circle is 3-78 cm. (1 yard = 0-914 m. Ignore the thickness of the
cotton)
Erercise 4 13. A rectangular metal plate has a length of 65 cm
and a width of 35 cm. It is melted down and recast
Use the ' button on a calculator and givc into circular discs of the same thickness. How
3 s.e.
answers to
many complete discs can be formed if
(a) the radius of each disc is 3 cm?
1. Aircle has an area of 1S cm. Find its
2. A ircde has a circumference of 190 radius. (b) the radius of each disc is 10 cm?
m. Find its 14. Calculate the radius of a circle whose arca is equal
radius.
3. Find the radius of a circle of area to the sum of the areas of three circles of radi
22 km 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm respectively.