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Cells 3 PPT 2022 PDF

Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and synthesize ATP, the energy currency of cells. They contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to produce their own proteins. Mitochondria have an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for aerobic respiration.

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17 views25 pages

Cells 3 PPT 2022 PDF

Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and synthesize ATP, the energy currency of cells. They contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to produce their own proteins. Mitochondria have an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for aerobic respiration.

Uploaded by

NinjaTylerFortniteBlevins 2.0
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Cell Structure 2

Recognise organelles and other cell structures found in


eukaryotic cells and outline their structures and functions,
limited to:
• nucleus, nuclear envelope and nucleolus
• mitochondria (including small circular DNA)
• chloroplasts (including small circular DNA)
Nucleus
 Largest cell organelle

 Nucleolus/nucleoli :
• round body inside the nucleus
• contains own DNA that
encodes ribosomes
Nuclear Pores:
allow and control exchange
between nucleus and
cytoplasm
Outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
Name of organelle Nucleus
Structure • Largest organelle
description • Mostly spherical
• Double membrane bound
• Intensively stained visible under microscope
Copy the table in your
Components • Nuclear membrane
notebooks and complete it
• Nuclear pore
in 5 minutes. Proceed to • Nucleolus
the board and write • Chromatin/chromosome/nucleoplasm
appropriate descriptions
Function
opposite each row. Stores heredity material in the form of deoxy-
ribonucleic acid (DNA) strands.

Labelled diagram
- See next slide
Name of organelle Mitochondria

Structure description • Double membrane bound


• Varied shape (sausage shape or spherical)
• 1 μm size
Components • Has outer membarane which is more permeable than inner
membrane
• Cristae (foldings of inner membrane) to increase surface area
• Mitochondrial Matrix contains chemicals needed in reactions
• Has circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to make its own proteins
Function Carry out aerobic respiration
Synthesis of ATP (energy currency of cells)

Labelled diagram - See next slides


70S ribosome

*S = sedimentation coefficient Circular DNA


(Svedberg unit = 10-13 second)
Annotated diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate adaptations to its function
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Liver cell from a rat as Cardiac muscle cell from the


seen with a TEM. heart as seen with a TEM.
Name of organelle Chloroplast

Structure description • Oval shaped


• Double membrane bound
• Has outer and inner membrane
• 3 - 10 μm (visible under light microscope)
Components • Has its own DNA and 70S ribosomes
• Stroma: colourless fluid inside the chloroplast
• Thylakoid: flattened membrane sacs containing chlorophyll
• Grana: stacks of thylakoid
Function Site of photosynthesis

Labelled diagram See next slide


Annotated diagram of a chloroplast to indicate adaptations to its function

Outer membrane
permeable for small Inner membrane
organic molecules less permeable with
transport proteins

Circular DNA
contains chloroplast genome

Granum/Grana
Increase surface area of Thylakoids Stroma
thylakoids for more light contain chlorophyll for contains metabolic enzyme
absorption into chlorophyll photosynthesis
In pairs, Draw and complete this Venn Diagram to
compare chloroplasts from mitochondria in 5
minutes

Mitochondria Chloroplasts
Practice questions
No Expected answer marks

1a 2

Answer:
mitochondrion ; A mitochondria

max 1 for function produces /makes / synthesises /provides


/AW, ATP or releases / provides / supplies, energy or
aerobic respiration ;
AVP ; e.g. part of the urea cycle β-oxidation of fat oxidative
phosphorylation
Answer:
2b 2

(mitochondria) provide / make / produce, ATP ;


A needs a lot of, ATP / energy
R ‘produce / make, energy’

(ATP / energy required for) protein synthesis / movement of


(secretory / Golgi) vesicles / exocytosis ;
Answer:
2

any two from


1 mitochondria have (circular) DNA ;

2 mitochondria, have / make, (70S) ribosomes (for, protein synthesis / translation) ;


R if 80S ribosomes

3 mitochondria can divide ;


R by mitosis

4 AVP ;
e.g. (mitochondrial / mt) DNA codes for (some mitochondrial) proteins
mRNA transcribed from mtDNA
mitochondria produce their own tRNA
can replicate DNA
I mitochondria have a double membrane

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