Computing Fundamentals

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Computing Fundamentals

Uploaded by

Aslam Baig

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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Basic organization of computer
The basic organization of a computer system is the processing unit, memory unit, and input-
output devices. The processing unit controls all the functions of the computer system. It is the
brain of the computer e.g. CPU. The memory unit consists of two units.

Input Devices
Following are some of the important input devices which are used in a comput;

 Mouse
 Joy Stick
 Light pen
 Track Ball
 Scanner
 Graphic Tablet
 Microphone
 Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
 Optical Character Reader(OCR)
 Bar Code Reader
 Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
 Keyboard

Keyboard
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input data to the computer.
The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys
provided for performing additional functions.

Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now keyboards with 104 keys or 108
keys are also avaThe keys on the keyboard are as follows −

S.No Keys & Description

Typing Keys
1 These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (09) which generally give
the same layout as that of typewriters.

Numeric Keypad

2 It is used to enter the numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists of

a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most adding
machines and calculators.

Function Keys

3 The twelve function keys are present on the keyboard which are arranged in a
row at the top of the keyboard. Each function key has a unique meaning and is
used for some specific purpose.

Control keys

4 These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional arrow
keys. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page
Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).

Special Purpose Keys

5 Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps
Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.
What is computer mouse :
What is a mouse in a computer?

The mouse is a small, movable device that lets you control a range of things on a
computer. Most types of mouse have two buttons, and some will have a wheel in between the
buttons. Most types of mouse connect to the computer with a cable, and use the computer's
power to work. Some types of mouse are wireless.

What is the touch screen?

A touch screen is an electronic display screen that is also an input device. A user interacts
with the computer, tablet, smartphone or touch-controlled appliance by using hand gestures and
fingertip movements to tap pictures, moving elements or type words on the screen.

Output devices of computer

Typical examples of output devices are monitors and projectors (video), headphones and
speakers (audio), or printers and plotters

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