List of Suffixes

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January 12, 2021 by admin

What Are Suffixes In Grammar?

A suffix is a group of letters (sometimes just a single letter) added at the end of a word
to change its meaning or to convert it into another form.

I am health
I am healthy
I need to straight my hair.
I need to straighten my hair.
She needs to performance.
She needs to perform.

List Of Suffixes A To Z With Definition Types And Examples

We are going to discuss four types of suffixes:
1. Suffixes that makes Adverb
a. Adverbs describe verbs and adjectives
i. I run quickly.
ii. She is simply beautiful.
2. Suffixes that makes Noun
3. Suffixes that makes Verb
a. Verbs are actions
4. Suffixes that makes Adjective
a. Adjectives describe nouns

1. Suffixes List (That Makes Adverb)

Suffix Meaning Example

quickly, softly, efficiently, bravely,

in what manner something is
-ly simply, honestly, gladly, lately, rightly,
being done
completely, really, definitely,

Afterward, outward, inward, forward,

-ward in a certain direction
backward,

Otherwise, likewise, anticlockwise,

-wise in relation to clockwise, edgewise, lengthwise,
crosswise

2. Suffixes List (That Makes Adjective)

suffix meaning example

capable, affordable, dissolvable,

–able able to be inflatable, flammable, preventable,
adaptable, predictable, credible

accidental, educational, regional,

-al pertaining to personal, social, theatrical, natural,
seasonal

instant, important, vigilant, defiant,

-ant inclined to or tending to
brilliant, reliant

stationary, necessary, planetary,

military, honorary, dietary,
-ary of or relating to
complimentary, momentary,
cautionary, customary

action or process, making an

-er anger, faster, bigger, fuller, longer
adjective comparative

fruitful, painful, cupful, helpful,

-ful full of hopeful, grateful, beautiful, wonderful,
fanciful, awful

horrible, terrible, legible/illegible,

-ible capable of being, ability
flexible/inflexible

patriotic, parotic, athletic, historic,

fantastic, iconic, organic, heroic,
-ic relating to
poetic, basic, scientific, historic,
rhythmic, photographic

historical, , practical, logical, magical,

-ical having the nature of
statistical, alphabetical, historical

religious, conscious, ambitious,

notorious, luxurious. gracious,
-ious, -ous having qualities of cautious, humorous, fabulous,
dangerous, mysterious, nervous,
victorious, poisonous, courteous

accomplish, amateurish, sheepish,

-ish origin, nature
foolish, childish, selfish, girlish, pinkish
 cooperative, sensitive, supportive,
-ive quality or nature of creative, expensive, expressive,
pensive

colorless, selfless, tubeless, useless,

friendless, hopeless, faultless, fearless,
-less without anything
restless, homeless, worthless,
penniless, powerless

cloudlike, childlike, warlike, ladylike,

-like similar to, alike
boxlike, birdlike, warlike, lifelike

advantageous, subconscious,
–ous full of
percutaneous

handsome, fearsome, tiresome,

–some a tendency to
awesome

angry, baggy, bally, brainy, fruity, tasty,

-y made up of or characterized by grouchy, rainy, funny, messy, dirty,
spotty

3. List Of Suffix (That Makes Noun)

Suffix Meaning Example

Percentage, drainage marriage,

-age action, a result, state, process shortage, postage, package,
baggage, breakage, passage

Committal, approval, arrival,

-al Condition, quality
dismissal, proposal, denial, refusal

Performance, evidence, affluence,

sentence, coincidence, sequence,
existence, silence, experience,
-ance/-ence action, state, condition, or quality
romance, acceptance, attendance,
reference preference, insurance,
existence

-ant A person entrant, occupant

 Action, section, disqualification,
characterization, declaration,
-ation/-tion the action or the resulting state celebration, information,
immigration, education,
elimination, combination

–ee A person committee, appointee,

seer, peer, auctioneer, volunteer,

engaged in something, associated
-eer engineer, profiteer, musketeer,
with something
auctioneer, racketeer, mountaineer,

Employer, waiter, writer, helper,

-er someone who performs an action teacher, preacher, dancer, farmer,
lawyer, jeweler, prisoner, villager

Sensor, distributor, accelerator,

–or A person or thing incinerator, actor, Dictator,
investigator, translator, conductor

a business or trade, a type or bakery, creamery, machinery,

-ery
place of work slavery, brewery

–ess Makes a feminine form Actress, lioness, waitress

parenthood, motherhood,
-hood Family terms, stage in life
childhood, fatherhood, adulthood

landing, writing, ending, seating,

-ing action, state, process
blessing, feeding

Action, laceration, celebration,

-ion A process, state or result
opinion, decision, revision

–ism A belief or condition Ageism, chrism, holism

Technologist, editorialist, psychiatrist,

-ist A person who practice cartoonist, columnist, bicyclist,
physicist, violinist, terrorist

-ity, -ty the state or condition of Responsibility, territoriality,

respectability, susceptibility, Ability,
amnesty, acidity, anxiety, probability,
 equality, abnormality, civility,
equality, abnormality, probability,
stupidity, curiosity, mobility, reality,
tranquility, activity, honesty,
difficulty, safety, cruelty, subtlety,
loyalty, modesty, certainty

Disappointment, involvement,
discouragement, movement,
-ment the action or result of
retirement, abandonment,
establishment,

Benevolentness, felicitousness,
braveness, fondness, awareness,
-ness a state or quality kindness, darkness, happiness,
truthfulness, quietness, sleepiness,
usefulness

Internship, partnership, hardship,

-ship position held ownership, courtship, membership,
friendship

Compression, progression,
suppression, subdivision. depression,
-sion state or being confusion, tension, compulsion
division, revision, profession,
decision, impression

-th state or quality strength, labyrinth, depth, warmth

Commissure, Commixture, Conjecture,

-ure action or the resulting state nature, erasure, failure, pressure,
legislature, departure, enclosure

4. List of Suffixes (a to z) that makes Verb

Suffix Meaning Example

-ate To make Abate, blate, crate, fixate,

accommodate, activate, animate,
captivate, considerate, consolidate,
cooperate, decorate, allocate,
 concentrate

-ed past-tense version of a verb Waited, wanted, needed, decided

Brighten, darken, harden, soften,

fasten, lengthen, strengthen, awaken,
-en become blacken, broaden, deafen, flatten,
gladden, tighten, shorten,
straighten, sweeten, thicken

Diversify, intensify, electrify, classify,

codify, clarify, crucify, defy, falsify,
-ify, -fy To make or produce intensify, modify, satisfy, simplify,
unify, exemplify, identify, justify,
notify, terrify

verb form/present participle of an Eating, cooking, starting, laughing,

-ing
action swimming, driving, writing

Aerosolize, alkalinize, automatize,

memorialize, authorize, commercialize,
advertise, specialize, authorize,
-ize, -ise to cause or to become
apologize, characterize, digitalize,
socialize, symbolize, stabilize,
familiarize, , colonize, civilize
Basic Suffix Spelling Rules
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Suffixes are added to the end of words to make new words. There are two types of suffixes:
vowel and consonant. Vowel suffixes include endings such as -ed, -er,-es, -end, and -ing.
Consonant suffixes include endings such as -s, -less, -ness, -ment, and -ly.

The following are the basic rules of using suffixes in the English language.

Rule 1: Double the Consonant

When a word ends in a short vowel sound and a single consonant, you double the last letter.
Examples of this rule are:

 Fat + er = Fatter
 Flip + ed = flipped
 Mud + y = muddy
 Shop + ed = shopped
 Swim + ing = swimming

When a word has more than one syllable and ends with the letter "l" you will double the "l" when
adding the suffix. Examples include:

 Cancel + ed = cancelled
 Control + ed = controlled
 Propel + er = propeller
 Compel + ing = compelling
 Fulfil + ment = fulfillment

Keep in mind that the doubling rule does not apply if the word ends in "w," "x" or "y."

Rule 2: Drop the Final E

When a word ends in a silent letter "e," drop that final "e" if the suffix you are using begins with
a vowel. Examples of this rule are:

 Drive + ing = driving

 Hope + ing = hoping
 Make + er = maker
 Adore + able = adorable
 Use + er = user

Rule 3: Keep the Final E

When the word ends in the letters "ce" or "ge," you will keep the final "e" if the suffix begins
with the letters "a" or "o." Examples of this rule are:

 Advantage + ous = advantageous

 Change + able = changeable
 Courage + ous = courageous
 Service + able = serviceable
 Notice + able = noticeable

You will also keep the final "e" in the following examples:

 Like + able = likeable

 Size + able = sizeable
 Care + ful = careful
 Use + ful = useful
 Peace + ful = peaceful

Remember to keep the "e" if using the suffix -ly. For example:

 Late + ly = lately
 Rare + ly = rarely
 Love + ly = lovely
 Home + ly = homely
 Definite + ly = definitely

Lastly, you will also keep the "e" at the end of the word if it ends in "ee" or "ye." Examples
include:

 Agree + ing = agreeing

 Decree + ing = decreeing
 Eye + ing = eyeing
 Foresee + ing = foreseeing
 See + ing = seeing

Rule 4: Keep the Y

When the word ends with "y" and has a vowel before it you keep the "y." Examples of this rule
are:

 Boy + s = boys
 Enjoy + ed = enjoyed
 Play + ing = playing
 Buy + er = buyer
 Joy + ful = joyful

Exceptions to this rule are:

  Pay + ed = paid
 Say + ed = said

Another time to keep the "y" is if the suffix starts with the letter "i." You cannot have two i's in a
row. Examples of this rule are:

 Worry + ing = worrying

 Copy + ing = copying
 Carry + ing = carrying
 Supply + ing = supplying
 Marry + ing = marrying

Rule 5: Change the Y to an I

When the word has a consonant before the "y," you will change the "y" to a letter "i," then add
the suffix. Examples of this rule are:

 Beauty + ful = beautiful

 Baby + s = babies
 Army + s = armies
 Duty + ful = dutiful
 Happy + ness = happiness

Keep in mind that there are exceptions to this rule, such as:

 Dry + er = dryer
 Baby + hood = babyhood
 Lady + ship = ladyship

Rule 6: Changing IE to Y

When a word ends in "ie," change the ending to a "y" when you add the suffix -ing. Examples of
this rule are:

 Die + ing = dying

 Tie + ing = tying
 Untie + ing = untying
 Lie + ing = lying
 Vie + ing = vying