Question 1: "Cultural mosaic" is the mix of ethnic groups, languages and cultures that co-

exist within society. The idea of a cultural mosaic is intended to champion an ideal of
multiculturalism.

India, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands rank high in terms
of having a diverse range of subcultures whose rights are protected and diversity is tolerated.

The United States because it actively supported European and Asian immigration and forcibly
transported people from Africa. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, people came from all over
Europe. Some are treated better than others, but in law, they are all treated equally.
https://sites.google.com/site/sheilasanchez900/english-11/-cultural-mosaic-vs-melting-pot?
utm_source=zalo&utm_medium=zalo&utm_campaign=zalo
https://www.quora.com/Which-do-you-think-is-more-desirable-for-the-common-good-a-
multicultural-society-that-is-more-like-a-melting-pot-or-more-like-a-mosaic-Explain-and-
give-examples-for-illustration
Question 2:
- Americans are described as
1. They are extremely wasteful.
2. Including all types of people from everywhere, some people are decent, others are insane.
3. Too open about sexual topics and jokes in media and every day life.
4. There is definitely discrimination, but also having a rising number of supporters, whether
immigrant, different culture, sexuality, etc.
5. They always catch up with the updated fashions, yet they pay less attention to their health
https://www.quora.com/What-are-Americans-like
 Vietnameses are described as
1. They have a supportive spirit for ages
2. Prefered ingredients such as herbal ingredients or smelling components are composed of every
household
3. Cultivating the traditional values such as religion or folk stories in the past
4. Living upon agriculture and cattle-breeding
5. They are really perseverant and resistent to national peace
Question 3:
 People and Society
Diverse is another essential word for America. Native Americans were the first to arrive, but
everyone else in the United States was an immigrant from somewhere else. As a result, the
United States has become a cultural melting pot, a place where people from all over the world
come to connect and create things that could only happen in America.
 Music, Arts, and Entertainment
In music and the arts, the United States honors its immigrant origins. With music styles as
diverse as bluegrass, jazz, and heavy metal based on rhythm and instruments from all over the
world, American music reflects the country's variety.
More than music, television and Hollywood films project a picture of America to the rest of
the globe. American film is one of the world's oldest and most successful, while American
television shows are viewed by billions of people.
 Government and Symbols
The United States is a democratic republic. That means every American adult gets a vote, and
those voters choose people to represent them in government. The government is based on the
US Constitution, which guarantees Americans legal rights enforced by the courts.
 Flag
The flag comprises two basic elements: the canton or union (the blue corner with the stars)
and the field, composed of red and white stripes, also it’s overlaid with 50 white 5-pointed
stars. The field comprises 13 stripes, 7 in Old Glory Red and 6 in plain white.
 Presidents
- Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician
and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his
assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the
nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal
government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. (16th president)
- George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was an American military
officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United
States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of
the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary
War (first president)
- Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat,
lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the
United States from 1801 to 1809. (3rd president)
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), was an American statesman
and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his
death in 1945. Roosevelt proposed the construction of hydroelectric power plants and
addressed the ongoing farm crisis of the 1920s. (26th president)
 Landscapes
- The Statue of Liberty: Located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City,
United States.
- White House: At number 1600 on Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC
- Rushmore Mountain: Located in South Dakota, near the city of Keystone in the state of South
Dakota, USA
- Freedom / Time Trail: Located in one of the oldest and most ancient cities in America, that is
Boston.
- Independence Hall: The main part of Independence National Historical Park is located in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , between the numbers 5 and 6 on Chestnut Street.
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/word-lists/list-of-words-that-describe-the-united-
states.html
Question 4:
 What Are the Causes of Migration?
Poor Standard of Living: Sometimes life gets hard because of conflict or political issues, but
other times it is merely because a country is not fully developed. Certain areas in the world do
not have constant and easy access to clean water. Other environments must deal with constant
exposure to harsh conditions.
Lack of Opportunity: Limited opportunities in other countries might lead to great minds
traveling elsewhere. Some people want to be challenged consistently in their lives, and to do
so they must actively seek it out.
Political Instability: Along with social reasons for migration, there can also be scary
consequences if dangerous parties rise to power as a result of infighting or revolution. The fear
of a tyrannical leader can motivate citizens to leave the country before it’s too late.
Violence and Persecution: Political differences throughout a region can lead to extreme
measures. Entire races and/or classes of people have been discriminated against financially,
socially, and physically in some cases.
Conflict: Large-scale battles are unpredictable and are extremely dangerous even to those
bystanders who may just be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Civilian casualties become
more and more common with highly destructive methods of warfare. War is one of the most
common reasons the U.S. sees refugees and offers political asylum. War often leads only to
temporary immigration that will expire when the original country is no longer dangerous.
 Reasons to Immigrate to the U.S.
Education: The U.S. also has a variety of international programs designed to cater to foreign
students. These programs can offer financial assistance to help make the transition easier.
There are specific visas for those pursuing education in the U.S.
Work Options: In addition to all the schools, there are many different career paths available to
U.S. citizens that aren’t options elsewhere. Pursuing your passion––and making money while
you do so––is a relatively Western ideology. The drastic variety of cultures and lifestyles
throughout the U.S. make it easier to find almost anything you could want to do.
Reunification: Many individuals who come to the U.S. do so to reunite their families. This
could be siblings, spouses, parents, children, or other relatives who moved previously.
Freedom: Freedom of speech and religion are two of the biggest ones that are not necessarily a
choice elsewhere in the world. We can say what we want to say and believe what we want to
believe without strict consequences from the government.
Safety: As well as the freedom to do certain things, the U.S. also has a certain level of
protection for its citizens. Not only are you protected by law to say and believe what you
choose, but there is also a dedicated justice system to ensure you are treated fairly.
https://www.lawfirm1.com/faqs/reasons-for-us-immigration/
Question 5:
American english and british english
Of naturally, there are several American words that are unique to the United States and differ
significantly from their counterparts in the rest of the English-speaking world. Here's a
rundown of some of the most significant.

+ Stress and pronunciation :

Brit. E Am. E
Car ka: ka:r
Bear beah bear
Start sta:t sta:rt
Newyork nju: jo:k nu: jo:rk
Bare beơ ber
 + Spell
Brit. E Am. E
Organise organize
Colour color
Enrol enroll
Defence defense
Metre meter

+ Grammar
Brit. E Am. E
To Jane with Jane
Monday to Sunday Monday through Sunday
At the weekend On the Weekend
Spill-spilt-spilt spill-spilled-spilled
Dive-dived-dived dive-dove-dived
+ Vocabulary
Am. English Brit. English
elevator lift
faucet tap
bathtub bath
drapes curtains
apartment flat
apartment house block of flats
sidewalk pavement
truck lorry (also truck)

Question 6:
 Causes: The American Civil War was the climax of a fight that began with the establishment
of the United States between supporters and opponents of slavery. This sectional rivalry
between Northern and slaveholding Southern states had been mitigated by a series of political
agreements, but by the late 1850s, the subject of slavery's extension to the western states had
reached a boiling point. In 1860, the election of Abraham Lincoln, a member of the
 antislavery Republican Party, as president triggered the secession of 11 Southern states,
resulting in a civil war.
 Effects:
- Positive effects:
+ Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863 by Lincoln. The edict provided
moral inspiration for the North and discouraged European countries from supporting the
South. It also had the practical effect of permitting recruitment of African Americans for the
Union army.
+ The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1865, officially abolished slavery
in the entire country.
- Negative effects:
+ The war destroyed the South
+ The enormous casualties suffered on both sides during the American Civil War have never
ceased to astound scholars and military historians. Roughly 2 percent of the 1860 population
of the United States died in the war. The war remains the bloodiest conflict in American
history.
https://www.britannica.com/summary/Causes-and-Effects-of-the-American-Civil-War
(*) if slaves really did not receive any benefits from the American war, the struggle for rights
would continue until the relationship between owners and slaves was liberated. In addition,
the main purpose of the classes was to gain economic influence. From there, they master their
careers, lives and other issues to achieve a balance of rights and power in the American
democratic society.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/slave-code
Question 7:
- The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively
known as the Congress. The process of passing legislation takes place mainly in House of
representatives and Senate, although approval must still be presented to the president. The
Senate and the House of Commons can overrule the prime minister's disapproval of the law if
it proposes more than two-thirds of the votes cast by the remaining voters.

- The executive branch consists of the president, vice president and 15 Cabinet-level
departments such as State, Defense, Interior, Transportation, and Education. The primary
power of the executive branch rests with the president, who chooses his vice president, and his
Cabinet members who head the respective departments. A crucial function of the executive
branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day
 responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and
representing the United States' political and economic interests around the world.

- The judicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts.
Under the Supreme Court's constitutional jurisdiction, its primary function is to hear cases that
challenge the constitutionality of legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. Once
appointed, Supreme Court justices serve until they retire, resign, die or are impeached. The
lower federal courts decide and settle constitutionality of laws or disputes of two disputing
parties or interests such as in maritime law or bankruptcy cases.
 How these branches keep their power balanced:

To ensure that no single person or entity had a monopoly on power, the Founding Fathers
designed and instituted a system of checks and balances. The president's power is checked by
the Congress, which can refuse to confirm his appointees, for example, and has the power to
impeach or remove, a president. Congress may pass laws, but the president has the power to
veto them (Congress, in turn, may override a veto). And the Supreme Court can rule on the
constitutionality of a law, but Congress, with approval from two-thirds of the states, may
amend the Constitution.

 https://www.quora.com/search?q=three%20branches%20of%20the%20US%20government
%20
Question 8:

 The President’s functions in United Stated:

- Commander in chief: The president is the highest-ranking officer in the armed services. As
noted previously, presidents have shown no hesitation in filling this role by sending American
forces to trouble spots around the world as an instrument of foreign policy.
- Chief of state: Although largely ceremonial, the role of chief of state makes an important
statement to the world and the nation about the president as a leader.
- Diplomat: The president not only decides the direction of American foreign policy but also
plays an important role in carrying it out. Bill Clinton was actively involved in Middle East
peace negotiations during his administration. This type of activity is sometimes called summit
diplomacy.
- Chief executive: Responsible for seeing that "all laws are faithfully executed," a president sets
the broad policy for the executive departments and agencies rather than managing their day-
to-day operations.
- Legislator: The White House staff maintains close contacts with Congress, while the president
meets with Congressional leaders to press for passage of bills and calls individual members of
Congress to ask for their vote.
- Party leader: In addition to performing clearly governmental functions, the president serves as
the "titular head" of a political party. A president is expected to support the party's platform,
help raise money for the party, and campaign for the party's candidates. However, A potential
conflict exists between the president as national leader and as party leader.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/american-government/the-president/the-functions-of-the-
president

Question 9:
* Contents
a. Vietnam
- The general studying hours in most Vietnamese schools is from 7a.m to 5.30p.m.
- The emphasis of teaching is on theoretical knowledge rather than class discussion.
- Mastering concepts from the textbook and learning from other advanced references are
important, because students will be required to recall concepts or materials from the textbook
on different exams.
b. The US
- The general studying hours in most American schools is from 8a.m to 2.45p.m.
- Besides teaching new lessons, teachers encourage and emphasize the importance of class
discussion and participation. Teachers have the chance to bring the classroom knowledge to
practice through performing laboratory experiments or taking field trips.
- Additionally, in American schools, teachers integrate current news into the teaching
curriculum, where applicable. Students are encouraged to gather news for discussion in the
related classes.
* Subjects
a. Vietnam
- Students are required to study three main areas: English, Vietnamese Literature, and Math,
along with other Natural Science and Social Science courses. Students do not have the choice
to choose the subjects they want, all subjects learnt at school are acquired by the government.
b. The US
- American students have various class options with different levels according to their
expertise and interest. Students in the US are required to take at least one year each of Arts
(Visual Arts/Performing Arts) and Sports, allowing them to explore their individual talents and
advance their skills.
* Regulations
a. Vietnam
- The Vietnamese school system places an excessive emphasis on "obeying regulations"
(Doctor. Bui Thanh Binh)
- There are various laws about students' appearances, such as no coloured hair, no make-up,
and no tattoos. Students must also use proper terms, such as "no bad words in school."
When pupils violate the law, they will be penalized in accordance with the rules. Reminding,
alerting parents, suspending, and excluding are all serious punishments.
b. The US
- Schools in the United States allow their female students to wear makeup, dye hair or get a
tattoo. According to Experian Simmons National Consumer Research, 65% percent of teens
who wear makeup started wearing it from ages 8 to 13.
3.1. Evaluation
a. Vietnam
- Since 1971, a 10 point grading system has been in use at all levels in Vietnam
b. The US
- Based on World Education News (2018), letter and percentage grading systems are applied
in all grades from primary to high school; and 4.0 grading system is applied in university and
college.
4. Extracurricular activities
4.1. Sports
a. Vietnam
Sport is always popularly encouraged for students but due to many problems such as facilities,
training ground, and more importantly, the perception of necessity for students has reduced
the ability to do so. popularity of sports among Vietnamese students
b. The US
- One of the other popular extracurricular activities in the US is playing sports. Compared to
Vietnam Schools, the US schools are often equipped with the modern sports area and a variety
of types to choose from.
- Sports activities are popular in US schools according to the statistical report of US Sport
Magazine. The most popular type of sport is football and the second place is baseball and
basketball.
4.2. Clubs
a. Vietnam
• There are very few clubs established at the elementary, middle or high school levels, but
mainly at the university level. Those clubs are still limited in terms of structure, orientation
and management. Club structures are more common in large cities than in rural areas because
of economic and informational constraints.
 b. The US
• Most students in the US join at least one club or organization. Clubs are encouraged to
form at all levels of education and are professionally organized and operated (textbook written
by Faculty of Foreign Languages). Joining clubs helps to improve students' confidence and
develop other soft skills and social skills such as critical thinking, networking and making
friends. The clubs are classified as Subject area club (Art, Drama, Film, Science,...), Hobby
clubs (Chess, football club, baseball club), Charity club
http://neulink.edu.vn/the-differences-between-general-education-systems-of-the-us-and-
vietnam-and-the-lessons-for-vietnam/826/112.html
Question 10:

Ads & Dis Advantages Disadvantages

Type & Def

Nuclear family: a family Financially stable, both Exclusion of extended
consisting of 2 parents and their parents usually work now. family can lead to isolation
children, but not including aunts, Children raised in a stable and stress. They can
uncles, grandparents, ect. parenting situation, struggle with conflict
Consistency, Emphasis on resolution. Nuclear families
health and education, Focus can become too child-
on communication. focused, resulting in self-
centered children and
families neglecting other
important things
Extended family: are families Things like respect and care Financial issues can occur if
with two or more adults who are for the elderly are parents are supporting
related through blood or important, more family several other adults and
marriage, usually along with around to help with chores, children without any extra
children. child care, in case of income, Lack of privacy
emergencies, etc. Social depending on the living
support. environment.

Children family: are families Typically have more Couples can feel isolated or
with two parents who cannot have disposable income, no left out when all their
or don't want kids. dependents to take care of. friends/family start having
Have more freedom to kids. If you like kids, you
travel, go on adventures, can feel like something is
pursue different careers or missing, Infertility can force
education, Couples get to a family to be childless,
 spend more time together. which can be hard for
couples

Grandparent family: A Grandparents and Grandparents may not work

grandparent family is when one grandchildren form a close or have full-time jobs, may
or more grandparent is raising bond, keeps children from struggle with income.
their grandchild or grandchildren. ending up in foster homes Depending on their health, it
or other situations may be difficult for them to
keep up with young children
or discipline them as they
get older.

Single-parent family: Single Family members can Families struggle to get by

parent families consist of one become very close, learn to on one income; some are on
parent with one or more kids. share household duties, social assistance. It can be
Children and parents can difficult for parents to work
become very resilient. full-time and still afford
quality childcare, Parenting
can be inconsistent,
especially if kids go back
and forth between parents.

Step family: A stepfamily is Children get the benefit of Adjustment can be difficult
when two separate families merge having two parents around, for parents and children,
into one. This can go several Children and their new Parents can run into
different ways, like two divorced siblings or step-parents can problems trying to
parents with one or more children form strong bonds, Benefit discipline each other's kids,
blending families, or one of having two incomes May lack discipline or be
divorced parent with kids compared to single parent inconsistent.
marrying someone who has never families.
been married and has no kids.

Same-sex family: is a Understand the children Difficult to avoid social

homosexual family. they can live most easily. Easily share prejudices, difficulty in
with their children or not. everything with each other. faithfulness.

Question 11:
The US media is a very important part of the American culture. It has become an integral part
of our lives and we are addicted to it. The US media has always been criticized for its biased
reporting and one-sided opinions. It is a fact that the US media is far from being neutral in its
coverage of events. It is not easy for any media outlet to maintain neutrality when its own
country's government is involved in any conflict or crisis. The US government tries hard to
control the media through different means but still it does not satisfy most of its citizens who
are smart enough to know how the world really works. Foreigners have their own views about
the US media and they do not hesitate in sharing it with others through their blogs, websites
etc. They also believe that there are many things which are left uncovered by American
journalists who are afraid of losing their jobs if they talk against their government.
https://hoidap247.com/cau-hoi/4535853
Question 12:
The Aloha Festivals
Time: The four festivals are free and open to the public and take place throughout September,
with distinct annual themes each season.
Activities: Hawaiian music, dance, and educational programs are featured at all of the
festivals, as well as concerts, street parties, parades, and other interactive activities.
Meanings: Festival is a form of the celebration of Hawaii's diverse cultural history. The
presentation of the former "Royal Court," introduced with all the splendor of hula dancing and
traditional chanting, is particularly magnificent at the Opening Ceremony. Aloha, dubbed
"Hawaii's Largest Block Party," becomes an all-in affair for locals, who enjoy the music, food,
and community-wide friendship the festivities bring.
A festival which has the same characteristics is named Giong Festival
Time: 6th to 8th day of 1st lunar month
Activities: During the festival, visitors can witness ceremonies including processions,
cleaning the statue of Saint Giong, and incense offerings. The stories will let you know
information about Saint Giong and the reason why he became one of the 4 immortals in
Vietnam. Besides, you also have a chance to immerse yourself in interesting folk games and
enjoy traditional singing. For local people, it is an occasion not only to commemorate the
Saint but also to pray for abundant harvest and happy lives.
Meaning: A celebration of stories about Saint Giong and the reason why he became one of the
4 immortals in Vietnam, but also to pray for abundant harvest and happy lives.

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g60982-d10020626-Reviews-
Aloha_Festivals-Honolulu_Oahu_Hawaii.html

https://vietnamdiscovery.com/top-vietnam/festivals-in-vietnam/