Scribd
Upload
17 views

Lecture 1 HVAC

The document discusses refrigeration systems and refrigerants. It describes the Carnot refrigeration cycle and how its coefficient of performance (COP) varies with evaporator temperature. It then explains the standard vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) and how it introduces irreversibilities compared to the Carnot cycle. Finally, it outlines the key properties required for refrigerants and diagrams the pressure-enthalpy chart representation of the VCRS cycle.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mahrous
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Lecture 1 HVAC

The document discusses refrigeration systems and refrigerants. It describes the Carnot refrigeration cycle and how its coefficient of performance (COP) varies with evaporator temperature. It then explains the standard vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) and how it introduces irreversibilities compared to the Carnot cycle. Finally, it outlines the key properties required for refrigerants and diagrams the pressure-enthalpy chart representation of the VCRS cycle.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mahrous
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Dr. Mohamed Elhelw

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 1


Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems

1- The Carnot refrigeration cycle

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 2


The Carnot refrigeration cycle
Applying first and second laws of thermodynamics to the Carnot refrigeration cycle

now for the reversible, isothermal heat transfer


processes 2-3 and 4-1, we can write

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 3


The Carnot refrigeration cycle

the Coefficient of Performance (COP) is


given by:

Report : Draw the variation of Carnot COP with evaporator temperature for different condenser
temperatures. Write your comments about Prepared
it. by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 4
Standard Vapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS)

Process 1-2: Isentropic compression


of saturated vapour in compressor

Process 2-3: Isobaric heat rejection in


condenser

Process 3-4: Isenthalpic expansion of


saturated liquid in expansion device

Process 4-1: Isobaric heat extraction


in the evaporator

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 5


Standard Vapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS)

Comparing VCR with Carnot cycle, it can be seen


that the VCR introduces two irreversibilities:

1) Irreversibility due to non-isothermal heat


rejection (process 2-3).

2) 2) Irreversibility due to isenthalpic throttling


(process 3-4).

As a result, one would expect the theoretical COP of standard cycle to be smaller than
that of a Carnot system for the same heat source and sink temperatures.

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 6


Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Analysis
Evaporator: mref 4 1

Cooling Capacity or Refrigerating Capacity


CC
CC = mref ( h1 - h4 ) = mref . R.E.

Where
CC Cooling capacity in kW
mref Refrigerant mass rate in kg/s
( h1 - h4 ) Refrigeration effect ( R.E. ) kJ/kg

Ton of Refrigeration (T.R) = 3.517 kW

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 7


Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Analysis

Compressor:
For isentropic compression

Power = mref ( h2 - h1 ) / ηmech

Condenser:
It can be air or water cooled

Qr = mref ( h2 - h3 )

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 8


Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Analysis

Air Cooled Condenser Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw Water Cooled Condenser 9
Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Analysis

Expansion Device :

In all devices

h3 = h4
Capillary Tube Expansion valve

Coefficient of Performance:

COPth = CC/ P
Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 10
Refrigerants
Refrigerants.

 A refrigerant is the primary working fluid used for absorbing and transmitting heat in a
refrigeration system.

 Refrigerant required to be :

1- Chemical stability:

- No decomposition due to temperature

- Not corrosive when alone or when mixed with oil

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 11


2- Low flammability. (Class 1, Class 2, Class 3).

3- Economic and available.

4- Saturation pressure

- Evaporation pressure above atmospheric pressure

- Condensing pressure limited at normal condensing temperatures

5-High specific heat of vaporization.

6-Low toxicity to humans and animals. ( Class A , Class B)

7-”Environmentally friendly”
Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 12
P-h Chart

Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 13


Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 14
VCR P-h chart Representation

3 2

4 1

h3 h1 h2
Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 15
Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 16
Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 17
Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Elhelw 18

You might also like