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Atomic Structure - Chemical Bonding and Structure Rough Notes

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Derin Mazmanoglu
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20 views

Atomic Structure - Chemical Bonding and Structure Rough Notes

Uploaded by

Derin Mazmanoglu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Nh On- NO,” =nihaie wn C0377 Gree Prenixes Mluonive =F iodine = T) nino fen Monoatamic Cations element name tion - groups (-2,13, Silver rine, cadmiim (ed) Multivalent Caruns element name (charge in Roman nu) +ion - transition elements @ >4 ions Monoatomic Anions 2lement name + “ide” + ion = ammonivim ion hydrotite tan — Ot Quy = chrornae SOtas ssurare 107 NOY enirik 107 P04 = phosphate 107 C\OS =chiorae 2” MinOy, = permanganate ror HCO" = bitartonate snysrogen carbonate 2” 4 = mono &=hexa 1, oicee 2) HOME 22 db + =hepta gem 8: 0010 4s HTT 9 =nona ~greer mefixes show ea 5= penta 10=deca clement (omit*mono" Po-Fi Diartomic MOLLUS ending otsecondis "ide" HOBFFINCY cycoion ex. sume Wexaluor del Wydrogen=H, ames Deygen =0,, R20 «watt bromme = By, GMy =mernane ov “aw" combiniu # -write names in order (“ide Te h g:5ym order, if monotrtomic & di onarges use “Rule oF Inver Valence* (valences above,cross vEduce rairio iF can), if has PolyeroMIe Use Sciyne In buF brackets if 54. ex. calcivm ninare 2 mies +. 0a(NO Naming 07, CIO CID = hypoChiorte fon, i ee os OO ron, then non-metal 4 (a'ide"ending’ - if muinvalent, ind komen Mul by revere pera Conneyup 7 staitch supschpts nen I and i needed Pe method “bur dont iter brackets Sule &. WB Cx,09?Zaichomait ion 3037" esuifite (07 ion GAgDy > acetate 10? W202 ryroger peroxide 0, -otot y NH amenonio second) ond Odd prefixes ex. Cla "pos 9 Femrac hiovide sas atomic radius ty bond length 7 + as bond length 4, bond srrength v Wis Symbols “BOF snow valance es of ator = acior btwn the ve nuclei both arms: and —ve Shotted aiv(sy oF ES 6 non -metals> fared bonded pair = opposite of Zuinbonded pair Boriding ccipaciry 76 xi datrun sit > of covalent bonds cin otter wil form to become srable length v dle A attrition > more bonds = ® pulling on nuclei > short, song bonds btiple bonds = shorter, stronger tae double = Shot ter, Strange! fran. single Gull never have? 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Eyer g 24 todd or suorract &s ro account polyatomic 70ns 4 + 40 ennal a single bond, had bonds to Scutisy bonding capacity or Fron Lawis Caleularion Fada lone pairs Fes if polyatomic jon,a [IM o suture has spe for roms Anat LS = recipient ms fo) Molecular gcomehy : specifies position of atoms in molecule => bond length ~ bond angies * snape depends On Ves of cen! oitom~és> ‘lone pairs OCCUPY more spcice thoin loonded PAIS *@ PAS positioned i max distance cipcirt =) repulsion & domain - single region oF -ve cherge Plone pair around centra) atom = 1€° domain o SINGIE doUble, Aypie bonded pitirs <4 domain a \ saamains LiN€ QO ver eon 7 VO VSERR NOtaHION: gy f, A> Centra! atom BA: ter X > Bonded atoms Bas & Co, ofc? E> 1one bis Rh Aa to ha Ubsciiptth) =# lone pais Trigona\ Planar «3» O+b =domains of ve C NO-r3 VSP notanen : 4 y ue rs a LAX 3 Ep ex SAGE ae Bs Je 67 Tetrohedialsenicen rook vCt4 VSEPIC Notation : AXu Ep OAc excey § 1 Senne dnylots® <11045) avtsa Angular Planar -3- W338 vserRnyotaton : AX, E4 Ett Mew get 1G Sire TS Boy ae 4 wore oS Trigona) Pyramidal vesy VStP2 Nerahon lea ate Bass S Clg e Rie Kia cy rt ae Angwar Planar/Bent void VSEpe Notations ax, C, 2 lone perry BA:2 eas) se induces. change t ar) E>), @ magnitud re ae . es move i)msweer (at 0€ movil es z: hee ee Ger attrition ” fersize (nog Daemape"oe morecules (nea) Temporary digole : occurs tightly pociced > molecle bic of Spontaneous" schigney attraction btwn mn sremporary uneven EQISMABMIZ? near cn branched a olipole Crgnier, more likely one ee ie jacent ae will Indu another induces mp dipole in i) molecu aa) ¢ than ¢DFs a> Sony” pola moiecules together cay * Fi OF OTT von borwn. YS . 0 5 Se A f ae -ions interacy @ POU rojecules ~eccurs when Compounds wartr ed anion ute 6 AEE ONC dissolve 177 catron | es sip Soar rnatect s ' =not actually bonds Yotwn highiy poroiizad molecules © N-H,0-H, GIQE" bios Diple=Tnaviced Dipole” OLDER pSIe Forces less Comnz0r7 -btwp polar + non-polar molecules & poldr molecule a Perminenp adipose *ailces a Aemporary dipsle in a non-puir = mvecule s- So -Sh0s HE" ales ip- Induce ~ \) 219 eration FH S large AEN brwn y and NOF atoms Nh Q-H at — eo yb is § charged ae + - Fairly sStrongemorttractiony 470 SH eectanme CF = =molenle and Ronemmpanim 0 ES th NiO, or F or neighbouring molecule Garis basically 0 naked paren cansineded'p*) - type of wip-aip—> but much spronger St ae wee oval ‘nant? | es ‘vod \s bs causes t me lbp signiacanr dime fo betbond iy Cor) f oe ou pends 6 as * SSupsAne & at types of particles women” & —sunifore omy 4 phase, looks Same throughout ummageneons. oni xtc ve supsrances Wat least 1 sombe and + solvent crear Cu nor mE Guspersor) Sotuse: supsrane dissolved 1” solent Ke dissolved * solWent: medium 17 which solu Ly indicating> ex NHgcaqy ~ Ammons gas (solute) scnem formulas soiure dissolved in water (solvent) + subsuripk = solvent -solunon © max On Sut ght x before — precipijaran) VY A SOMA! SATIN Diss@\ViNG - some paytides seperate + arspersé 16 solvent b panes issoctarron EQYANONS = NaClisy => Noagy + aes ToC WIOBIANCES, FU CIOs) 3.77 AUP Cagyt IDs" cag) ~mnany dSOWe woe ean Hed ml can disrupt Tas lone v rio Fors Cgqrany, we #5) x ans (and We vers) * St end we color WAY can puma away car TE new atone forces Strang evr ougy Fo outcome _origindl GEnachins vin (1S —> ions Surrounded by worer at SUMUR Trenonide FocesInyowed = Soluje solute Fortes } to disso a solute In a Solvent-suvent forces SowWeny, these fords MUST be broken so Souk Can disperse in solvent * Sol\uie-sowwent forces -new forces btwn Ue + sowent in @ Solution -will dissolve 4 enough FS owercorme onigwnd! Forces S ‘iid Ce mequay, generally oube) — We g | an ciple predict < nes y 1) Determine salle soll ahd solvepp-solvera Wnerrarticle Arcee ven ANB). “PIKE AISSOWWES 2 consider new forces BIO! 6 | like a solute xsorvent in. porenttal soln 5 i 3) Compare sracuathe> 6 solutesolyent alg eh Se Br equal, Solute wy) olissoKe “Non-polay in non-pular €X NaCl in WUter POLAR compounds SolUte-solure ~ ionic Forces = soWbili! * SoWwentsawent -n-bards Sole Scent - ion dipole for + | Polar bond By Royall i PAF OF Shutfure eon polar —> aiiratmins er mns PY polar is Unable to establish wiaier moeciles are snonget ae ge Treng,enalyh gran (depends on eletrire strength oe interpel ae ae Forces @ WOer) * i a anerner conrams Mins able to move/cary see Solid ionic cmpds* not condecrve Molton ionic cmpdss ean conduct (wear conducors oF electnat ionic cmmpds Vi aqyneous sols? qrect conductors reat Mule culorr ompdJinot cond uorne cexcept cigs | PALS Auids ; conide D water Fo yproniun, rons+remainiry Buses collide © okt fo Ol pS soxeatn§ ection enysroxite (OH Prrtes—> some anc cmnpel not solUb@e) abil S | OE meitillic Gohd?: elechostarre — Orrractton bruwn lantice oF @ ions + delocalized es Ye kernal caves + cove €3> (Ae) — delaaiized ve's + underlying d-suosnel! &% wt A Yla Helocalizedse's dont belong to one merc! in iD) nou, ve AUCeW te. 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