Date: Sept.

26-29, 2022

Subject/Grade PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Level/Section GRADE 12
Content Standard The brain parts, its processes and functions.
Performance Identify ways to improve brain functions which will be manifested in thoughts,
Standard behavior and feelings.
Learning 1. Discuss that understanding the different parts of the brain, processes and
Competencies functions may help in improving thoughts , behavior and feelings.
2. Explore ways on how to improve brain functions for personal development.
I.Specific Knowledge: Discuss that understanding the left and right brain functions may help
Objectives in improving one’s learning.
Skill: Create a mind map.
Attitude: Demonstrate understanding on the importance of developing our brain
through constant practice.
II. Subject Matter Topic: Unit 2
Module 5: the Powers of the Mind
Reference:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owFnH01SD-s
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-southeastern-
philippines/personal-development-pansariling-kaunlaran/module-6-the-
power-of-mind/15637029
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI
https://www.google.com/search?
q=the+brain&oq=the+brain&aqs=chrome..69i57j46i512j0i512l4j46i512j0i512l2
j46i512.8848j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anatomy-
of-the-brain
Materials: Textbook Personal Development, tv, paper, pen, crayons, color
pens
III. Procedure
A.Daily Routine 1. Prayer
2. Attendance
3. Safety Protocol

B.Motivation/Recall/ Guess the picture

Awareness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0zNb7o_KEQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owFnH01SD-s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpLLst4-3fw

Questions to answer:
1. What is the brain?
2. How does it work?
3. How will you develop the powers of the mind?

C.Lesson Proper What is the brain ? How does it work?

The brain is the most complex part of the human body. This three-pound
organ is the seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body
movement, and controller of behavior. Lying in its bony shell and washed
by protective fluid, the brain is the source of all the qualities that define our
humanity.
What is the brain made of?

Weighing about 3 pounds in the average adult, the brain is about 60% fat. The
remaining 40% is a combination of water, protein, carbohydrates and salts. The
brain itself is a not a muscle. It contains blood vessels and nerves, including
neurons and glial cells.

What is the gray matter and white matter?

Gray and white matter are two different regions of the central nervous system. In
the brain, gray matter refers to the darker, outer portion, while white matter
describes the lighter, inner section underneath. In the spinal cord, this order is
reversed: The white matter is on the outside, and the gray matter sits within.

Gray matter is primarily composed of neuron somas (the round central cell bodies),
and white matter is mostly made of axons (the long stems that connects neurons
together) wrapped in myelin (a protective coating). The different composition of
neuron parts is why the two appear as separate shades on certain scans.

How does the brain work?

The brain sends and receives chemical and electrical signals throughout the body.
Different signals control different processes, and your brain interprets each. Some
make you feel tired, for example, while others make you feel pain.

Some messages are kept within the brain, while others are relayed through the
spine and across the body’s vast network of nerves to distant extremities. To do
this, the central nervous system relies on billions of neurons (nerve cells).
The power to act
The brain has three major parts -- the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain
stem. The brain stem connects the spinal cord and the brain. It controls functions
that keep people alive such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and food
digestion. Those activities occur without any thought. You aren't telling yourself,
"Inhale. Exhale. Inhale." You're just breathing.
Things are different in the cerebellum. That region controls voluntary movement.
When you want to lift your fork, wave your hand, brush your hair or wink at a cutie,
you form the thought and then an area in the cerebellum translates your will into
action. It happens so quickly. Think about how little time passes between your
desire to continue reading this sentence and the time it takes your eyes to move to
this word or this one.
Neurons, the basic functional units of the nervous system, are three-part units and
are key to brain function. They are comprised of a nerve cell body, axon and
dendrite, and they power the rapid-fire process that turns thought into movement.
The thought moves as an electrical signal from the nerve cell down the axon to a
dendrite, which looks like branches at the end of nerve cells. The signal jumps
from the end of the dendrite on one cell across the space, called a synapse, to the
dendrite of another cell with the help of chemicals called neurotransmitters. That
signal continues jumping from cell to cell until it reaches the muscle you need to
wave, wink or walk.
The cerebrum is the largest of the three brain sections, accounts for about 85
percent of the brain's weight, and has four lobes. The lobes-frontal, parietal,
temporal and occipital -- each have different functions. They get their names from
the sections of the skull that are next to them.
The parietal lobe helps people understand what they see and feel, while the frontal
lobe determines personality and emotions. Vision functions are located in the
occipital lobe, and hearing and word recognition abilities are in the temporal lobe.
A critical age
Because the brain's healthy functioning is essential to living and determines
quality of life, doctors emphasize protecting the organ from injury and chemical
abuse.
There is a consensus among researchers that brain cells regenerate throughout
life, said Doug Postels, a pediatric neurosurgeon in New Orleans, but that new
growth happens very slowly after a certain age.
"The size of the brain doesn't increase much after 3," Postels explains.
During the first three years of life, the brain experiences most of its growth and
develops most of its potential for learning. That's the time frame in which
synaptogenesis, or the creation of pathways for brain cells to communicate,
occurs.
Doctors generally accept that cut-off point for two reasons, Postels said. First, in
situations where doctors removed parts of the brains of patients younger than 3 to
correct disorders, the remaining brain sections developed to assume the role of
the portions those doctors removed. But when physicians performed the same
surgery on older patients, that adaptability function did not occur.
Second, "We know from experiments that if you deprive people of intellectual
stimulation and put them in a dark room, that it produces permanent changes in
the brain," Postels said. "That occurs most dramatically before age 3. After that
age, it's impossible to ethically do a study."
Previous research produced information about the effects of stimulation deprivation,
but modern ethical guidelines prohibit such research on people because of the
potentially harmful outcome.
Drug damage
Because so little recovery occurs to brains damaged after age 3, the effects of
drugs and alcohol on the brain might be lasting.
Doctors know what inhalants, steroids, marijuana, cocaine and alcohol do to the
brain when people use them. "The question scientists can't answer now is if the
damage is permanent," said Sue Rusche, co-author of "False Messengers," a
book on how addictive drugs change the brain.
Inhalants, such as glue, paint, gasoline and aerosols, destroy the outer lining of
nerve cells and make them unable to communicate with one another. In 1993,
more than 60 young people died from sniffing inhalants, according to National
Families in Action, a drug education center based in Atlanta.
Studies have found that marijuana use hinders memory, learning, judgment and
reaction times, while steroids cause aggression and violent mood swings.
Ecstasy use is rising among young people, Rusche said, and scientists have
found that drug destroys neurons that make serotonin, a chemical crucial in
controlling sleep, violence, mood swings and sexual urges.
While doctors and scientists know about some effects drugs have on the brain,
they don't have a full picture, Rusche said.
"When people start using a drug, the scientists know nothing about it. These
people are volunteering to be guinea pigs," said Rusche, who is co-founder and
executive director of National Families in Action. "Once enough people take it,
scientists apply for grants and start studying it. People are inventive. They find
new drugs or new ways to take old drugs-like crack from cocaine.
"There's a lot we won't know about until later," she said. "The classic example is
cigarettes. We allowed people to smoke for 100 years before we knew about all the
horrible things that nicotine will do.

THE DOMINANT SIDE OF THE BRAIN

Researchers believed that brain dominance determines a person’s
preferences, problem-solving style, personality characteristics, and
even career choices. For example, a right-brain individual will quickly
get a feeling for a situation, while a left-brain person will usually ask a
lot of questions first. The following chart reflects additional difference
between left and right-brain dominance.
PERSONAL PREFERENCE
LEFT DOMINANCE RIGHT DOMINANCE
Classical music Popular music
Being on time A good times
Careful planning To visualize the outcome
To consider alternative To go with the first idea
Being thoughtful Being active
 Monopoly, scrabble, or chess Athletics, art, or music

1. What are the effects of drugs and alcohol to our brain?

2. Will it be permanent or just temporary? Why?

D. Analysis

IV. Abstraction Answer the following questions:

1. How do we know the brain can grow stronger?
2. What can we do to get smarter?
3. What are ways to enhance our brain?

III. Application Make a Mind Map

1. Choose a subject or activity that you do well (for example, math, basketball,
playing the guitar, painting, cooking, or computer games).
2. Make a mind map of the chosen topic, following the procedure described
earlier.
3. Explain your mind map and how you worked on it.
V. Assessment True or False: Write TRUE if the answer is true and FALSE if the answer is false.

___1. The brain has three major parts -- the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the
brain stem.
___2. The cerebrum is the largest of the three brain sections, accounts for about
85 percent of the brain's weight, and has four lobes.
___3. The size of the brain doesn't increase much after 15.
___4. Scientists have found that drug destroys neurons that make serotonin, a
chemical crucial in controlling sleep, violence, mood swings and sexual
urges.
___5. Mind mapping technique uses the right and the left brain.

A.

1.
A.
Emotions?

VI. Assignment Study our next lesson

VII. Reflection
Make a short reflection of our lesson.

VIII. Remarks
Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Prepared by: JOY FRANCES G. LAXINA

Position: T-III
School: BAIS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL -SHS