TRAPEZOID

Base angles
What is a Trapezoid? base

→A quadrilateral with exactly one

pair of parallel side.
→The parallel sides are the bases. base

Base angles
 TRAPEZOID
What is a Trapezoid? Base angles
base
→Base angles are the two
consecutive angles whose common
side is the base.
• trapezoid has two pairs of base base

angles
Base angles
→The non-parallel sides are the legs
of the trapezoid
 TRAPEZOID
• Bases
→ AB and DC
• Base angles
→ ∠D and ∠C w/ respect to DC
→∠A and ∠B w/ respect to AB
• Legs
→AD and BC
 TRAPEZOID

• ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID
→Legs are congruent
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

• Theorem 1: Base Angles of Isosceles Trapezoid

 If a trapezoid is isosceles, then each pair of base
angles are congruent.

If trapezoid BACK is isosceles,

then ∠B ≅ and ∠C ≅
∠A ∠K
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

• Theorem 2: Converse of Base Angles of Isosceles Trapezoid

 If a trapezoid has a pair of congruent of base angles,
then it is an isosceles trapezoid

If ∠F≅ ∠A (or ∠T ≅ ∠S), then

trapezoid FAST is isosceles.
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID
Example 1: BCDA is an isosceles trapezoid. If m∠C=14x+13 and
m∠A=13+8x, find m∠D.
→ ∠C ≅ ∠B (Base angles of isosceles trapezoid are B C

→ ∠A ≅ ∠D congruent) (14x+13)°
→ m∠B + m∠C + m∠D + m∠A =360
→ (14x+13) + (14x+13)+ (13+8x) + (13+8x) =360 (13+8x)° ?
D
A
→ 44x+52 = 360 → m∠D = 13 + 8x
→ 44x = 360-52 = 13 +8(7)
→ 44x = 308
m∠D = 69 Therefore, the m∠D is 69°.
→ x=7
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

• Theorem 3: Diagonals of Isosceles Trapezoid

 A trapezoid is isosceles if, and only if, its diagonals
are congruent.

Trapezoid BACK is isosceles if,

and only if KA ≅ BC.
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

Example 2: Find m AC in the given isosceles trapezoid BCDA if

AC = 5x+4 and BD = 8x-8. B C

→ AC ≅ BD (diagonals are congruent)

→ mAC = mBD → AC = 5x+4
→ 5x+4 = 8x-8 = 5(4)+4 A D

→ 5x-8x = -8-4 → AC = 24
→ -3x = -12
→ x = 4 Therefore, the mAC is 24.
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

Example 3: Find mAE in the given isosceles trapezoid BCDA if BD = 18,

EC = 2x-4 and AE = x2-13.
B C
→ AC ≅ BD (diagonals are congruent)
→ x2+ 2x-17 = 18
→ AC = AE + EC
E
x2+ 2x-17 -18 = 0
= x2-13 + 2x-4 A D
x2+ 2x -35 = 0
= x2+ 2x-17
(x-5)(x+7) = 0
→ AC = BD
x=5 ; x=-7
→ x2+ 2x-17 = 18
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

Example 3: Find mAE in the given isosceles trapezoid BCDA if BD = 18,

EC = 2x-4 and AE = x2-13.
B C

AE = x2-13
x=5
E
= (5)2-13 A D

= 25 -13
AE = 12
Therefore, the mAE is 12.
 MID-SEGMENT OF TRAPEZOID

• Theorem 4: Mid-Segment of Trapezoid

 The mid-segment of a trapezoid is parallel to each base, and its length is
one-half of the sum of the lengths of the bases.
B C • MT is the mid-segment of trapezoid BCDA
→ MT ║BC and AD
M T
→ Endpoints of mid-segment are the midpoints
A D of the legs
1
→ MT = (BC + AD)
2
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

Example 4: Find mMT in the given isosceles trapezoid BCDA if BC = 16, and
AD = 40
1
→ MT = 2 (AD + BC )
B C
1
=2 (40+16)
M T
1
=2 (56)
A D
MT = 28
Therefore, m MT is 28.
 ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID

Example 5: Find x in the given isosceles trapezoid BCDA.

1
→ MT = (AD + BC )
2
1
= (30+x) 44 = 30 + x
2
1 44 - 30 = x
22 = (30 + x)
2
14 = x
1(30+𝑥)
22 = 2 Therefore, x is 14.
 KITE

What is a Kite?
→ A quadrilateral with two pairs consecutive
congruent sides
o Two sets of congruent sides
→ ED ≅ DG and EF ≅ FG
 KITE
• Theorem 5: Diagonals of a Kite
 If a quadrilateral is a kite, then its diagonals are perpendicular
• If quadrilateral BCDA is a kite, then CA⟂ BD
o One diagonal is bisected, the other is not.
→ BD is bisected by CA at point O
• BO ≅ OD
o One symmetry line (not bisected diagonal)
• △CDA is symmetrical to △CBA (△CDA ≅ △CBA)
• Bisects the two opposites angles (not congruent angles)
 KITE
Example 6: Given the figure and its data, find the ff: O
1. m∠CBO =
• m∠BCO+ m∠COB+ m∠CBO = 180
• 62+ 90+ m∠CBO = 180
3. mAD = 13
• m∠CBO = 180 – 62 - 90
• m∠CBO = 28°
2. m∠ODA =
• m∠BAD=36°
• m∠DAO+ m∠AOD+ m∠ODA = 180
• m∠BCD=124°
• 18+ 90+ m∠ODA = 180
• m∠ODA = 180 -18 - 90 • m BC = 7
• m BA = 13
• m∠ODA = 72°
 KITE
• Theorem 6: Opposite Angles of a Kite
 If a quadrilateral is a kite, then exactly one pair of opposite angles are congruent.

• If quadrilateral BCDA is a kite, then ∠B ≅ ∠D.

o One pair of opposite congruent angles
 KITE
Example 7: Given the figure, find the m∠S. P

→ m∠S + m∠P + m∠O + m∠T = 360°

112°
→ m∠O = m∠S (exactly one pair of opposite angles are congruent)
S O
→ 2m∠S + m∠P + m∠T = 360°
→ 2m∠S + 112 + 76 = 360
→ 2m∠S + 188 = 360
76°
→ 2m∠S = 360 -188
→ 2m∠S = 172 Therefore, m∠S = 86°
→ m∠S = 86
. T
 Proving Properties in Quadrilaterals
Two-Column Proof
Every statement has corresponding reason
Statement Reason
1. given data  given
2. Supporting statements  (Postulate) • SSS Postulate
• SAS Postulate
• Succeeding statements have
• ASA Postulate
connections from the previous and
 (theorems previously proven)
should lead to the arguments to be • SAA/AAS Theorem
proven • LA Theorem
• HA Theorem
• LL Theorem
Target statement to be proven  (definitions)
 (properties)
 Proving Properties in Quadrilaterals
Example 8: Given that ∠BAC≅ ∠CDB and BE ≅ CE, prove that
ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid . B C

A D
 Proving Properties in Quadrilaterals
Example 8: Given that ∠BAC≅ ∠CDB and BE ≅ CE, prove that
ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid . B C

Statement Reason

1. ∠BAC≅ ∠CDB  given E

2. BE≅ CE  given A D
3. ∠AEB≅ ∠DEC  Vertical angles are ≅
4. △AEB≅ △DEC  AAS

5. AB ≅ CD  CPCTC (Corresponding parts of Congruent

Triangles are Congruent)
6. ABCD is an isosceles
 Definition of an isosceles trapezoid
trapezoid
 Proving Properties in Quadrilaterals
L O
Example 9: Prove that LOVE is an isosceles trapezoid given that
∠VOE ≅ ∠ELV and ∠OEV ≅ ∠LVE
Statement Reason
E V
1. ∠VOE ≅ ∠ELV 1. Given
2. ∠OEV ≅ ∠LVE 2. Given
3. EV ≅ EV 3. Reflexive Property
4. Δ OEV ≅ Δ LVE 4. AAS Congruence Theorem
5. LE ≅ OV 5. CPCTC
6. LOVE is an isosceles 6. Definition of isosceles trapezoid
trapezoid
 Proving Properties in Quadrilaterals
E F

Example 9: Prove that EFGH is a rectangle if EG ≅ FH

Statement Reason H G

1. EG ≅ FH 1. Given
2. EF ≅ HG 2. Opposite sides of a rectangle are congruent
3. EH ≅ EH 3. Reflexive Property

4. EFH ≅ HGE 4. SSS Congruence Postulate

5. ∠ FEH ≅ ∠ GHE 5. CPCTP (Corresponding parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent

6. ∠ FEH and ∠ GHE are supplementary 6. Adjacent angles of parallelograms are congruent
7. ∠ FEH and ∠ GHE are right angles 7. Two angles that are both congruent and supplementary are right angles.
8. EFGH is a rectangle. 8. Definition of a rectangle.