COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ENG 321-Fluid Mechanics

Manual Solution_Major exam_1
(Academic Year 2020/2021, 1st Term)
October 14, 2020

Instructor: Dr. Taher Maatallah Time: 60 minutes

Student Name: Student ID:

Student Outcomes (SO):

(1) An ability to identify, formulates, and solves engineering problems.
Instructions: Answer all the questions. Assume any missing information
Question
Associated SO Marks
No.
Q1 ABET, 1 /3
Q2 ABET, 1 /3
Q3 ABET, 1 /3
Q4 ABET, 1 /2
Q5 ABET, 1 /4
Q6 ABET, 1 /2
Q7 ABET, 1 /3
Total /20

Page 1 of 6
Question 01:
What will be the required pressure stress must be applied to the water for reducing its
volume by 6% assuming a water bulk modulus of elasticity to be E=2.2 109 [Pa].

a) 4.4 × 107 [𝑃𝑎].

7
b) 8.46 × 10 [𝑃𝑎].

c) 13.2 × 107 [𝑃𝑎].

Answer: c
∀
𝐸 = −∆𝑝
∆∀
∆∀
∆𝑝 = 𝐸
∀
−0.06 × ∀
= −(2.2 × 109 𝑃𝑎) ( )
∀
= (2.2 × 109 𝑃𝑎)(0.06)
= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝑷𝒂
Question 02:
What will be the velocity in [m/s] of a fluid flow at a point 0.5 cm below the upper wall
if a linear velocity profile is assumed, viscous force of -12N, dynamic viscosity of 0.01
[N∙s/m2] , wall area of 2 m2 and a vertical distance between the bottom and the upper
wall to be 5 cm ?
a) 1.25 [𝑚⁄𝑠].
b) 27 [𝑚⁄𝑠].
c) 0.45 [𝑚⁄𝑠].
d) 15.5 [𝑚⁄𝑠].

𝑉4.5𝑐𝑚 −0
Answer: b Slope= 4.5𝑐𝑚

Let’s: d=4.5 cm
𝐹𝑣 ∙ 𝑑 12 ∙ 0.045
𝑉4.5𝑐𝑚 = = = 27 [𝑚⁄𝑠]
𝜇∙𝐴 0.01 ∙ 2

Page 2 of 6
 where Fν = viscous force, A = area, du ⁄ dx = velocity gradient, μ = dynamic viscosity. If linear velocity
profile is assumed, du⁄dx = U/x, where U = velocity of the upper plate and x = distance between the
two plates. Now, the viscous force Fv = -F= -12N. Substituting all the values in the equation, U
becomes 27 [m/s].

Question 03:
If a glass tube of 15 mm diameter is immersed in water, what will be the rise or fall in capillary?
Surface tension at interface air-water = 0.075 [N/m], water density =103 [𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 ], g = 9.81 [m/s2] and
angle of contact = 15°.
a) 0.75 [mm]
b) 1.9 [mm]
c) 3
d) 9 mm

Answer: b
Explanation:

2 s
h= Cos
gR

where h = rise in liquid height in the tube, S = surface tension, θ = the angle of contact, d = diameter
of the tube, ρ = density of liquid and g = acceleration due to gravity. Substituting all the values,

2 ∗ 0.075 ∗ cos 15
ℎ= = 1.9 [𝑚𝑚]
103 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 7.5 ∗ 10−3

Question 04:
The velocity profile of laminar one-dimensional flow between two parallel plates is given
by:

𝑈(𝑦) = 4 ∙ 𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑥 [𝑦⁄ℎ − (𝑦⁄ℎ)2 ]

Page 3 of 6
What would be the expression for the y position of zero shear stress.
a) ℎ⁄2

b) ℎ⁄3

c) h

Answer: a

Shear stress is zero means that:

𝑑𝑈
= 0 = 4 ∙ 𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑥 [1⁄ℎ − 2𝑦⁄ℎ2 ]
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = ℎ⁄2
Question 05:
The pressure in a natural gas pipeline is measured by a double U-tube manometer with one of
the arms open to the atmosphere.

Assumptions: 1. All the liquids are incompressible. 2. The effect of air column on pressure is
negligible. 3. The pressure throughout the natural gas (including the tube) is uniform since its
density is low.

Properties: We take the density of water to be 𝛾𝑊 = 2009 [𝑙𝑏𝑚⁄𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ 𝑠 2 ]. The specific gravity of
mercury is given to be 13.6. The atmospheric pressure is equal to 14.2 Psia.

Data: ℎ𝐻𝑔 = (6⁄12)𝑓𝑡 and ℎ𝑊 = (27⁄12)𝑓𝑡

𝟏 . 𝒍𝒃𝒎
Conversion: 𝟏. 𝐏𝐬𝐢𝐚 = [ ]× (2.15 10−4 )
𝒇𝒕∙𝒔𝟐

What will be the absolute pressure in the pipe of the natural gas [in Psia].

a) 12.66.
b) 18.10.
c) 6.32.
d) 27.22.

Answer: b

Page 4 of 6
Question 06:
The value of the Bulk Modulus of elasticity for a highly compressible fluid is:
a) zero.
b) unity.
c) infinity.
d) very low.

Answer: a

k = 1/β, where k= Bulk Modulus of elasticity and β= compressibility. For an compressible fluid, β→
∞, thus the value of k will tend to zero.

Question 07:
Consider a double-fluid manometer attached to an air pipe shown in the Figure. If the specific gravity
of the second gage fluid is 1.2, and the atmospheric pressure is equal to 100 [kPa].

Page 5 of 6
Determine the specific gravity of the other fluid for the indicated absolute pressure of air. Fluid
properties: 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 9810 [𝑁⁄𝑚3]

a) 1.34.
b) 2.18.
c) 4.55.
d) 7.74.

Answer: d

𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 −𝑃𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ (100−88)103 0.4

𝑆𝐺1 = 𝜌𝑤 𝑔 ℎ1
+ 𝑆𝐺2 ℎ2 = 9.81 103 0.22
+ 1.2 0.22 = 5.56 + 2.18 = 7.74
1

Page 6 of 6
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