Oral Communication model was developed by Warren Weaver and

Claude Shannon in 1948

Week 1
Shannon- Weaver Model of Communication
Communication is a process of sharing and
Different models and theories have been
conveying messages or information from one
developed to analyze the communication
person to another within the across channels,
process. One of the most famous models is the
contexts, media and culture.
Shannon-Weaver model of communication. This
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION model was developed by Warren Weaver and
Claude Shannon in 1948
Communication is a process Communication
occurs between two or more people Schramm’s model of communication The
Communication can be expressed through message is encoded by the sender and sent
written or spoken, words, action (non-verbal) or using correct verbal and visual symbols and
both spoken words. transmitted. The receiver decodes the message
and can respond to this message from the
COMMUNICATION The word “communication” sender which will confirm the correct reception
is descended from the Latin noun of the message that was sent. Thus, a feedback
communicatio, which meant to sharing and loop is created. The concept of noise,
imparting. From the root word communis interference and field of experience was
(common, public), it has no relation to term included in this model by Schramm
such as (union or unity) but rather is linked to
the latin munus (duty or gift) Schramm’s model of communication The
message is encoded by the sender and sent
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION The best way to using correct verbal and visual symbols and
understand communication is to see it transmitted. The receiver decodes the message
graphically. Many authors and researchers have and can respond to this message from the
come up with their own models based on what sender which will confirm the correct reception
they want to emphasize as being an important of the message that was sent. Thus, a feedback
component of communication. loop is created. The concept of noise,
Aristotle’s Model of Communication The interference and field of experience was
Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker included in this model by Schramm
centered model as the speaker has the most
important role in it and is the only one active. It
is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the Week 2
audience. The role of the audience is passive,
Elements of Communication
influenced by the speech. This makes the
communication process one way, from speaker ■ Speaker
to receiver.
The speaker is the one who is attempting to
Shannon- Weaver Model of Communication share a message
Different models and theories have been
■ Message
developed to analyze the communication
process. One of the most famous models is the a short piece of written or spoken information
Shannon-Weaver model of communication. This that is given or sent to someone
■ Encoding ■ Barrier

The communication process begins when the These include distance, background noise, poor
source or sender selects words, symbols, or malfunctioning equipment, bad hearing, poor
pictures and the like, to represent the message eyesight, speech impediments.
that will be delivered to the receiver(s)

■ Channel
Week 3
Communication channels can be categorized
Dimensions of Communications
into three principal channels: (1) verbal, (2)
written, and (3) non-verbal. Each of these 1. Verbal/ Non verbal Dimensions – encompass
communications channels have different the use of language, the words chosen (Verbal
strengths and weaknesses, and oftentimes we Dimension) and the facial expressions, and the
can use more than one channel at the same gestures and bodily movement used (Nonverbal
time. Dimension). Verbal and nonverbal dimensions
must be used together to clearly impart the
■ Decoding
message. A misunderstanding may happen
is the process of turning communication into when words contradict actions. He/she may say
thoughts. For example, you may realize you’re “yes” but the facial expression says “no”. To
hungry and encode the following message to illustrate further, a politician may say that he is
send to your roommate: “I’m hungry. Do you a man of the people but then refuses to shake
want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate hands with them. In this dimension, it is
receives the message, they decode your important that what is shown or done agrees
communication and turn it back into thoughts with what is said. Otherwise, the listener will be
to make meaning confused and miscommunication will occur.

■ Receiver 2. Oral/Written Dimensions – mean spoken

communication (Oral Dimension) and the
Receiver is the person who gets the message
transaction of thoughts and ideas (Written
and tries to understand what the sender
Dimension). While the verbal Dimension talks of
actually wants to convey and then responds
the use of language and the choice of words to
accordingly
convey a written message, the oral dimension
■ Feedback imparts the message following the Principles of
Delivery. The Written Dimension takes care of
The Feedback is the final step of the process putting down the words while the Oral
that ensures the receiver has received the Dimension takes care of delivering those words
message and interpreted it correctly as it was (although that may not necessarily happen).
intended by the sender
3. Formal/Informal Dimensions – Formal
■ Context Dimension usually means the meticulous
The Feedback is the final step of the process observation of appropriateness in dress,
that ensures the receiver has received the language, and setting, while the Informal
message and interpreted it correctly as it was Dimension is the opposite. That is, it uses a
intended by the sender more casual approach with no regard for the
formalities.
4. Intentional/Unintentional Dimensions – rely communication, oftentimes beating around the
on the fact that messages always have a bush, even in formal letters and sometimes in
Purpose. There is an intention when people email. We tend to be just as wordy and employ
communicate with others. In fact, this intention circumlocution when writing and giving speech.
is why we want to communicate in the first We also use highfalutin and polysyllabic words.
place. One wants to say something, but what
03 FORMAL/ INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
one may intend may not be the actual result.
Formal/Informal Dimensions are not as
Sometimes, people laugh at something that was
bifurcated as speech before. It used to be that
said, even if the speaker meant it to be taken
among Filipinos, a speech still depends on
seriously. It must be remembered that every
whether one views the Communicative
Message has an unintended meaning. In fact,
Situation as Formal or Informal. Knowing this
the speaker may not be aware of it. The Speaker
helps one to act accordingly in the preparation
only finds out after, when the listener reacts by
of the message and in responding to it. But now,
saying that the Speaker has been discourteous,
Speakers at a program may be casually dressed
dishonest or has hurt the listener’s feelings; or
and speak to an audience as thought they are
when the Listener claps or laughs, when the
having a conversation between friends in a
speaker did not expect that reaction
coffee shop. Because Filipinos live in a
communal society (Where everyone is family),
this tends to blur the lines between formal and
Week 4-5
informal communications.
Elaborating on the Influence of Culture on the
04 INTENTIONAL/ UNINTENTIONAL
Dimensions of Communication
DIMENSIONS
01 VERBAL/ NON VERBAL DIMENSIONS
Can happen in certain scenarios such as this
Courtesy in Philippine society is expressed when one:
talking to someone, especially someone
authority, by looking down. Looking straight at
them is considered rude and frowned upon. In
Western society, avoiding looking at people in
the eye or looking down around while talking to
them often means that one is not telling the
truth or is hiding.

If this still the case, what do you think might

happen if a Filipino applicant is interviewed for
a job by an American employer; assuming both
parties are unaware of the other’s culture?

02 ORAL/ WRITTEN DIMENSIONS

Misunderstanding occurs when oral and written
messages are not in agreement, such as when
you say you are grateful to someone, but your
Facebook post says otherwise. Culturally,
Filipinos are fond of being very wordy in written