CSE 215: Programming Language II Lab

Sec – 8, Faculty - MUO

Lab Officer: Tanzina Tazreen
Lab – 3
String and Math Class

Objective:
To learn different kinds String & Math class method

Java Strings:

Strings are used for storing text.

String str = "Hello";

String Concatenation

The ‘+’ operator can be used between strings to combine them. This is called concatenation:

public class Main {

public static void main(String args[]) {
String firstName = "John";
String lastName = "Doe";
System.out.println(firstName + " " + lastName);
// System.out.println(firstName.concat(lastName));
}
}

John Doe

If you add a number and a string, the result will be a string concatenation:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String x = "10";
int y = 20;
String z = x + y;
System.out.println(z);
}
}

1020
Strings - Special Characters
Suppose we want to print this:

String txt = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.";

To print quotation marks inside a string, we will need a special character: backslash escape
character (/).
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String txt = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north.";
System.out.println(txt);
}
}
We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.

String Methods
A String in Java is actually an object, which contain methods that can perform certain operations on
strings. The String class has a set of built-in methods that you can use on strings.

Method Description Return

Type

charAt() Returns the character at the specified index (position) char

concat() Appends a string to the end of another string String

contains() Checks whether a string contains a sequence of characters boolean

equals() Compares two strings. Returns true if the strings are equal, and false boolean
if not

equalsIgnoreCase() Compares two strings, ignoring case considerations boolean

indexOf() Returns the position of the first found occurrence of specified int
characters in a string

isEmpty() Checks whether a string is empty or not boolean

length() Returns the length of a specified string int

replace() Searches a string for a specified value, and returns a new string String
where the specified values are replaced

toLowerCase() Converts a string to lower case letters String

toUpperCase() Converts a string to upper case letters String

trim() Removes whitespace from both ends of a string String

substring(startIndex) Returns a new string object from specified startIndex to end of the String
given string

substring(begIndex, returns a new String object containing the substring of the given String
endIndex) string from specified startIndex to endIndex.

Let’s see some Examples:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String txt = "Hello World";
System.out.println("The length of the txt string is: " +
txt.length());
System.out.println(txt.toUpperCase());
}
}

The length of the txt string is: 11

HELLO WORLD

Java Math Methods

The Java Math class has many methods that allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers.
Method Description Return
Type

abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x double|float|

int|long

cbrt(x) Returns the cube root of x double

 ceil(x) Returns the value of x rounded up to its nearest integer double

cos(x) Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians) double

exp(x) Returns the value of Ex double

floor(x) Returns the value of x rounded down to its nearest integer double

max(x, y) Returns the number with the highest value double|float|

int|long

min(x, y) Returns the number with the lowest value double|float|

int|long

pow(x, y) Returns the value of x to the power of y double

random() Returns a random number between 0 and 1 double

round(x) Returns the value of x rounded to its nearest integer int

sqrt(x) Returns the square root of x double

Let’s see an Examples:

public class Practice {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int t = -3;
System.out.println(Math.abs(t));
}
}

Task:
1) Compute the area of a hexagon using the following formula:

Here, s is the side of a hexagon.

⮚ Write a program that prompts the user to enter the side of a hexagon and display its area. If the
side length is invalid (<0), display a message showing “The area can not be computed due to invalid
side length”. Below, a sample run is given:
2) Given a string s1 and another string s2, check if string s1 starts or ends with string s2.

For example, for s1 = “apple” and s2=”app” , display the following output:
“The string “apple” starts with “app”.

for s1 = “apple” and s2=”ple” , display the following output:

“The string “apple” ends with “ple”.

for s1 = “apple” and s2=”ppl” , display the following output:

“The string “apple” does not start or end with “ppl”.

3) Given a string, find the index of the second last occurrence of any vowel. For example, if your
string is “corresponding” , then return the index of ‘o’ which is the second last vowel (after ‘i’).

4) * (Take Home Task) Modify task 2 to check if two strings s1 and s2 are equal, or equal after
ignoring cases, or if s1 starts or ends with s2 (and vice versa), or if s2 is substring of s2 (or vice
versa). If none of these happen, display an appropriate message.

5.
(a) Generate two random numbers, lower and upper, within the range 1-1000. Random numbers
in Java can be generated by using the method Math.random().
e.g. To generate a random integer between min and max range:
int randNumber = (int)(min + Math.random() * (max – min + 1));
N.B. The (int) on the right hand side of the assignment operator is called type-casting.

(b) Write a program which will use while loop to print all the integers between lower and upper
which are divisible by 5 or 8 in descending order to the console in one line.