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Science

Scientific method is the process used by scientists to investigate phenomena and acquire new knowledge. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and reporting findings. All scientists use this same method in their research, whether they study astronomy, botany, agriculture, chemistry, geology, oceanography, ornithology, meteorology, psychology, or ethology. The goal of science is to understand the natural world through organized investigation and evidence-based explanations that can be used to make predictions.

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Ethan Ckrizjadon N. Obispo
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39 views

Science

Scientific method is the process used by scientists to investigate phenomena and acquire new knowledge. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and reporting findings. All scientists use this same method in their research, whether they study astronomy, botany, agriculture, chemistry, geology, oceanography, ornithology, meteorology, psychology, or ethology. The goal of science is to understand the natural world through organized investigation and evidence-based explanations that can be used to make predictions.

Uploaded by

Ethan Ckrizjadon N. Obispo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DID YOU EVER WONDER

WHY ARE THERE SO


MANY SCIENTISTS IN
THE WORLD EVEN
THOUGH THEY STUDY
DIFFERENT THINGS?
NAME THE FOCUS OF
STUDY OF EACH SCIENTIST
ASTRONOMER

HEAVENLY BODIES
BOTANISTS

PLANTS
AGRICULTURISTS

CROPS
CHEMISTS

MATTER
GEOLOGISTS

EARTH
OCEANOLOGISTS

OCEAN AND OCEANIC


PHENOMENA
ORNITHOLOGISTS

BIRDS
METEOROLOGISTS

WEATHER
PHENOMENA
PSYCHOLOGISTS

BEHAVIOR, MIND,
FEELINGS, AND THOUGHT
ETHOLOGISTS

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR IN
NATURAL CONDITION
What do these different
scientists practice in
common in theirs
study of their subjects?
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
WHY SCIENTIFIC
METHOD?
The goal of science is to investigate and
understand the natural world, to explain events in
the natural world, and to use those explanations to
make useful predictions.

Science as a process is an organized way of using


evidence to learn about the natural world.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Do Observation/Research
Ask a Problem/Question
Formulate a Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect and Analyze Results
Make Conclusion and Recommendation
Communicate the Outcome
Observation/Research

Make observations and research your


topic of interest.

Observing is employing your five


senses to perceive objects or events.

The informations gathered from


making observations are data.
Problem/Question

Based on observations, one or more


questions are generated.

Develop a question or problem that


can be solved through
experimentation.
Formulate a Hypothesis

Predict a possible answer to the


problem or question.

“Educated Guess”

Hypothesis - possible explanation of


the phenomena
Hypothesis

It is simply a prediction and has not


yet been proven or disproven.

It must be stated in a way that is


testable.

A statement is considered “testable” if


evidence can be collected that either
does or does not support it
Experiment

Testing a hypothesis by gathering data


under controlled conditions.

In a “controlled experiment” only one


variable is changed at a time. All other
variables should be unchanged or
“controlled”.
Experiment
It is done through a comparison of a control
group with an experimental group.

a) These two groups are identical except for one


factor.

b) The control group serves as the comparison.


It is the same as the experiment group, except that
the one variable that is being tested is removed.

c) The experimental group shows the effect of the


variable that is being tested.
Variables in an experiment:

a) The independent variable is the variable


that is deliberately changed by the scientist

b) The dependent variable is the one


observed during the experiment. The
dependent variable is the data we collect
during the experiment. This data is
collected as a result of changing the
independent variable.
Variables in an experiment:

c) The controlled variable is the


variable that is kept constant/ the
same fo both the experimental and
control groups
Designing an experiment:

Describe the control group.


Describe the experimental group.
What variables are kept constant?
What variable is being changed?
What variable to be observed?
Collect and Analyze Results
Collecting results involve placing
observations and measurement (data) in
order using Graphs, charts, tables, or maps

Analyzing the result is a process of


determining whether data are reliable or
whether they support or do not support a
hypothesis
Make Conclusion and
Recommendation

Conclusions are made on the basis of


results, NOT observations. It is drawn from
data gathered from a study.

Conclusion includes a statement that


accepts or rejects the hypothesis.

Make recommendations for further study


and possible improvements to the procedure.
Communicate the Outcome

Be prepared to present the outcome to


an audience.

Expect questions from the audience.


End of Presentation

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