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Internal Parts of The Airplane

The document discusses the technical English terminology used for various parts and concepts related to flight for flight attendants. It covers topics like the three axes an airplane moves in, the four forces of flight, primary flight controls including ailerons, elevators and rudders, and secondary flight controls like flaps and slats.

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Karen Rebellon
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views19 pages

Internal Parts of The Airplane

The document discusses the technical English terminology used for various parts and concepts related to flight for flight attendants. It covers topics like the three axes an airplane moves in, the four forces of flight, primary flight controls including ailerons, elevators and rudders, and secondary flight controls like flaps and slats.

Uploaded by

Karen Rebellon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TECHNICAL ENGLISH FOR FLIGHT ATTENDANTS

DPA/IET Jorge Antonio Camacho Mendez


AGREEMENTS

Punctuality Participation Repository


AXIS OF AN AIRPLANE
The airplanes moves in 3 axis:

• Vertical axis – Yaw – rudder


• Transverse or lateral axis – Pitch – Elevator
• Longitudinal axis – Roll - Ailerons
VERTICAL AXIS
• Vertical axis – has its origin at the center of gravity and is directed
towards the bottom of the aircraft, perpendicular to the wings and
to the fuselage reference line.
LATERAL AXIS
• Transverse or lateral axis – has its origin at the center of gravity and
is directed to the right, parallel to a line drawn from wingtip to
wingtip. Motion about this axis is called pitch.
LONGITUDINAL AXIS
• Longitudinal axis – has its origin at the center of gravity and is
directed forward, parallel to the fuselage reference line. Motion
about this axis is called roll.
FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT

• Lift is the force that acts at a right angle to the direction of motion
through the air. Lift is created by differences in air pressure.

1
𝐿= 𝜌 𝐶𝑙 𝑉 2 S
2
FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT

• Weight is the force of gravity. It acts in a downward direction—


toward the center of the Earth.
FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT

• Thrust is the force that propels a flying machine in the direction of


motion. Engines produce Thrust.
FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT

• Drag is the force that acts opposite to the direction of motion. Drag
is caused by friction and differences in air pressure.
PRIMARY SURFACES – FLIGHT CONTROLS

Aircraft control systems


are carefully designed
to provide adequate
responsiveness to
control inputs while
allowing a natural feel.

As we have three axis to


control, we have three
primary flight controls
AILERONS
• Ailerons control roll about the longitudinal axis. The ailerons are
attached to the outboard trailing edge of each wing and move in the
opposite direction from each other. Ailerons are connected by
cables, bellcranks, pulleys, and/or push-pull tubes to a control wheel
or control stick.
ELEVATOR
The elevator controls pitch about the lateral axis. Like the ailerons on
small aircraft, the elevator is connected to the control column in the
flight deck by a series of mechanical linkages. Aft movement of the
control column deflects the trailing edge of the elevator surface up.
This is usually referred to as the up-elevator position.
RUDDER
The rudder controls movement of the aircraft about its vertical axis.
This motion is called yaw. Like the other primary control surfaces, the
rudder is a movable surface hinged to a fixed surface in this case, to
the vertical stabilizer or fin. The rudder is controlled by the left and
right rudder pedals.
SECONDARY SURFACES – FLIGHT CONTROLS

Secondary flight control


systems may consist of
wing flaps, leading edge
devices, spoilers, and
trim systems
FLAPS
Flaps are the most common high-lift devices used on aircraft. These
surfaces, which are attached to the trailing edge of the wing, increase
both lift and induced drag for any given AOA. Flaps allow a compromise
between high cruising speed and low landing speed because they may
be extended when needed and retracted into the wing’s structure
when not needed.
SLATS
High-lift devices also can be applied to the leading edge of the airfoil.
The most common types are fixed slots, movable slats, leading edge
flaps, and cuffs.
SPOILERS
Found on some fixed-wing aircraft, high drag devices called spoilers are
deployed from the wings to spoil the smooth airflow, reducing lift and
increasing drag. Found on some fixed-wing aircraft, high drag devices
called spoilers are deployed from the wings to spoil the smooth airflow,
reducing lift and increasing drag.
Thanks for your attention!

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