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EAPP Melc 2 Handouts

This document discusses text structure and the six common patterns of organization: 1) Chronological, 2) Cause and effect, 3) Compare and contrast, 4) Problem and solution, 5) Sequence, and 6) Spatial/descriptive. It defines each pattern and provides examples and signal words to help identify each structure. The key points are that text structure refers to how information is organized internally in a text, authors use certain structures to communicate their ideas, and identifying the structure and signal words can help understand how a text is organized.

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Lailanie Dumangia
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54 views

EAPP Melc 2 Handouts

This document discusses text structure and the six common patterns of organization: 1) Chronological, 2) Cause and effect, 3) Compare and contrast, 4) Problem and solution, 5) Sequence, and 6) Spatial/descriptive. It defines each pattern and provides examples and signal words to help identify each structure. The key points are that text structure refers to how information is organized internally in a text, authors use certain structures to communicate their ideas, and identifying the structure and signal words can help understand how a text is organized.

Uploaded by

Lailanie Dumangia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English for Academic & Professional Purposes

Lesson 2: What is Text Structure?

It is how information in a passage is organized.

Text Structure refers to the internal organization of a text. As authors write a text to
communicate an idea, they will use a structure that goes along with the idea (Meyer,1985).

Six common patterns of organization:

1. Chronological
2. Cause and effect
3. Compare and contrast
4. Problem and solution
5. Sequence
6. Spatial / Descriptive

1. Chronological – information is organized in order of time.


Chrono = time Logic = order
Ex.

Jack and Jill ran up Jack fell down Jill came


the hill to fetch a pail and broke his tumbling after.
of water. crown.

All stories are told chronologically.


Signal words: shortly, since, second, third, immediately and etc.

2. Cause and Effect – an action and its result are explained.

CAUSE EFFECT

Students did not learn the


material.

•Don’t confuse with chronologic al.


•Won’t have a beginning, middle and end.
•Time won’t progress much.

Signal words: (Causes – because, due to, for this reason, if this, etc.)
(Effects – as a result, consequently, hence, resulting, since,therefore etc.)

3. Compare and Contrast- tells how two things are similar and different.

Signal words: (Comparison –also, as well as, both, compared to, in comparison,similarly, and
etc.) (Contrast – although, on the contrary, on the other hand, in spite of,unlike and etc.)
4. Problem and Solution - a problem and answer are suggested.
Solution

•Don’t confuse with cause and effect.


•It is presented as a PROBLEM.
Signal words: answer, challenge, improve, respond, suggest and etc.

5. Sequence / Process Writing – information is listed step - by- step


and explains how to do it or how it happens.

Signal words: next, later, last, finally, in the end, at first and etc.

6. Spatial / Descriptive Writing – describes something in order of space


describes how something looks.

Two windows on the West Wall A television across from the bed

A bed in the middle A closet by the TV

Signal words: above, adjacent to, away, below, behind, nearby, toward

Tips to identify the organization of the text:

1.Ask, “what is the author doing in this paragraph?” Put it in your own words.

2.Have a hunch? Use the graphic organizer to see if the information fits.

3.Look for signal words

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