Short Circuit Current Calculation (Method – 1)

Name Plate Impedance of Transformer - Z%

Short Circuit Current of Transformer - Isc
Supply Test Voltage (3 Phase) - Vsupply (Volt)

Rated Primary Current of Transformer - Ipri

Rated Primary Voltage of Transformer - Vpri ( kV )

Average Supply Voltage Vsupply = VRy + VRB + VYB

3
Isc = 10% Vsupply x Ipri
Vpri (kV) x Z%

Example for 33/11 kV, 10 MVA (Supply Test Voltage = 400 Volt)
10% of Vsupply = 400 x 10/100 = 40 V
Ipri = 175 Amp
Vpri (kV) = 33 kV
Z% =9%

Isc = 10% Vsupply x Ipri

Vpri (kV) x Z%
Isc = 40 x 175
33 x 9

Isc = 23.569 Amp

Z% = 10% Vsupply x Ipri
Vpri (kV) x Isc
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Z% = 40 x 175
33 x 23.569
Z%= 9.00 %

3 Phase Fault = ?
Fault Amax =?
Isc = 10% Vsupply x Ipri
Vpri (kV) x Z%

Isc = 3,300 x 175

33 x 9

Isc = 1944 Amp

Short Circuit Current Calculation (Method – 2)

kVA = Transformer kVA

kV = secondary voltage (kV)
Z % = Impedance

Isc = kVA x 100

√3 x kV secondary x Z %

Eg, for 33/11 kV, 10 MVA, 9%(Z%) Transformer –

 3

Isc = 10 x 1000 x 100

√3 x 11 x 9
= 5831.99 Amps (5832 Amps)

Pick-up current
▪ pickup is defined as that minimum current that starts an action.
▪ pickup current of an overcurrent relay is the minimum value of
current that will cause the relay to close its contacts.
▪ For an induction disk overcurrent relay, pickup is the minimum
current that will cause the disk to start to move and ultimately
close its contacts.
▪ For solenoid-actuated devices, tap or current settings of these
relays usually correspond to pickup current.

➢ Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) or Time Dial Setting (TDS)

➢ Means of adjusting the time taken by the relay to trip once the current
exceeds the set value
Where,
T.M.S = T/ Tm
T -is the required time of operation
Tm -is the time obtained from the relay characteristics curve at TMS 1.0
and using the Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) equivalent to the maximum
fault current
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Instantaneous Setting

IT = (1.1) x(Imax) (A.F)

(TRratio) (C.Tratio) L.V = 70~600 V,
1.1 = safety factor H.V = 0.6 kV ~ 33 kV,
IT = Instantaneous Trip (Amperes) H.V = 33kV ~ 220kV,
Imax = maximum fault current EHV = 220kV ~ 760kV,
A.F = Asymmetric Factor UHV = above 800 kV

IDMT Relay setting

11/0.433 kV
2.5MVA, 8%(Z%)

50/51 4000/5 C.T

IFLC

IF

There are two set points of IDMT Relay =

(1) Pick up (2) Time setting Multiplier

Iflc = kVA = 2500 = 3333.5 Amps

√3 x Vsec (kV) √3 x 0.433

If = kVA = 2500 x 100 = 41669.11 Amps ≈ 41.7 kA

Z% x √3 x Vsec (kV) 8/100 x √3 x 0.433

i) Pick up
Say 120% of full FLC
Pick up of relay = 1.2 x Iflc = 1.2 x 3333.5 = 1.2 x 3333.5 x 5 =
 5

C.Tratio 4000/5 4000

= 5.00025 Amps (or – 1 x C.T secondary 1 x In )
PSM = Fault Current = 41669.11 = 10.42 ( It is not a setting.)

Pick up current 1.2 x 3333.5

ii) TMS setting

Say required operating time = 0.5 sec
For normal Inverse Curve –
Relay operating time = t
T = 0.14 x TMS
PSM0.02 – 1
TMS = t x (PSM0.02 - 1)
0.14

Here , t =0.5 sec , PSM =10.04,

TMS = t x (PSM0.02 - 1) = 0.5 x (10.040.02-1) = 0.17

0.14 0.14
And then ,
Operating time + breaker breaking time = total time (Breaking time)
0.5 sec + 0.06 sec = 0.56 sec